Practice/Trade Exam part 3
What is air drying?
Rough lumber is stacked outdoors in layers for about 1-3 months or longer. Has average moisture content of 19% or less
SIP note*
SIP construction forms the interior wall surfaces and exterior sheathing at the same time
Decay resistant woods
Sapwood when untreated has low resistance to decay. Natural decay resistance lies in the heartwood
What is nominal dimensions?
Size of board, in inches as originally cut (Ex: 2"x4" (2x4)
What are the two types of shields to block termites access to wood?
Solid masonry cap or metal shield
How is timber framing done?
Timbers are surfaced then connected with interlocking joinery which are often secured with wooden pegs. Most joints are a variation of mortise and tenon joints.
What are grade stamps for?
To identify board species, quality, mill source & info on strength. Also lets building inspectors know if house is being built with lumber of suitable quality
What is a crucial part of framing a house?
To provide shear strength at the corners
What is fiber-saturation point?
When a tree's cell walls have absorbed all the water they can hold
What is platform framing?
When each level of the house is built separately. One part at a time. (Ex: wall studs only long enough for 1 story)
Where is LVL most often used see in place of solid lumber?
When replacing solid wood or built u wood headers and beams
What does self bracing mean?
When the frame is rigid enough to stand without requiring sheathing.
What is actual dimensions?
When the lumber has been surfaced and seasoned, it becomes less than its nominal dimension
What is ballon framing?
When the studs run from sill plate to the top place of second floor
When does the fiber saturation point occur for most woods?
When the wood contains about 28% moisture
What is in line framing?
Where all joists, studs and rafters are given the same spacing
Where are hardwoods used?
Where beauty or durability is important. Doors, windows, casing, stair treads, balusters, handrails, carpentry etc
Where should engineered lumber NOT be used?
Where it will be permanently exposed to weather and should not be in direct contact with concrete or masonry
What is cambium?
Layer of living tissue on tree that produces new wood called sapwood
What is a rim board?
Length of engineered wood stock that has the same depth as the I-joists
What is a billet?
Long block of manufactured wood that's cut into smaller pieces
What is exterior grade plywood designed for?
Long term exposure to weather. Made with water resistant glue
What is an engineered panel ?
Any manufactured sheet product such as plywood that is made of wood or wood pieces bonded with a natural or synthetic adhesive
What happens when moisture content of wood is in balance with the humidity of the air?
It neither gains nor losses moisture
What are the benefits of the post and beam system?
It's cost efficient when building house with a crawl space foundation
What is kiln drying?
Lumber stacked placed in an oven where moisture, airflow and temperatures are controlled. Has moisture content of less than 10%
What are the main pieces to framing a house?
Joists, studs, beams & rafters
What is laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
Lumber that is lightweight, rigid and available in lengths up to 66 feet
What is the best way to protect against termites?
Remove all woody debris, stumps, lumber scraps anything wood from soil at building site before & after construction
What is used instead of a rim joist on floors framed with an I-joist
Rim board
What can LSL be used for?
Rim boards, studs, plates, headers, beams & columns
What thickness of LVL is most common in residential work?
1 3/4"
What is the maximum back fill around a tree?
1 foot
Best way to prevent decay?
Keep wood dry
When install sub flooring what size should the gap be between the ends of adjacent panels and at the sides?
1/8"
What are the different spacing options for floor joists?
12", 16", 19.2" or 24" OC
Where does second floor joist lay on?
1x4 ribbons that are cut into the side edges of the studs
What is design values?
A number assigned to how well a particular wood resists stresses
Quarter sawn lumber
A premium wood, has low tendency to warp, shrink or swell. Provides more durable surface than flat sawn. Does not twist or cup. Holds paints & finishes better
How is lumber graded?
According to its characteristics of the wood. Grade is a general indication of the quality and strength
What are the two methods of seasoning wood?
Air drying and kiln drying
What is most effective to get rid of carpenter ants?
Apply the chemical treatment to their nest itself
Where must the web stiffener be placed?
Both sides of web where the I joist crosses a support
Wood decay
Brown, crumbly decay called dry rot, is a misnomer bc wood must be damp for rotting to occur.
What is the curve called that glulams are sometimes manufactured with?
Camber
What is the negative side of SIPs?
Can be difficult to run wiring through the panels
What are some forms of protection against termites?
Chemical termiticide Physical barriers Natural termite resistant woods Pressure preservative treated wood
What is a finger joint?
Closely spaced series of wedge shapes cuts made in the mating surfaces of lumber
Where do softwoods come from?
Coniferous trees
Where do hardwoods come from?
Deciduous trees
Where does PSL come from?
Douglas fir, western hemlock, southern pine or yellow poplar logs. Cut into 8' lengths then rotary peeled into veneer w/ thickness of 1/10" or 1/8"
What is ballon framing less affected by?
Expansion and contraction
What is LSL made from?
Fast growing aspen or yellow poplar, smalls amounts of other hardwoods may be included
What are the horizontal members of an I-joist called?
Flanges
What is post and beam framing?
Framing system that relies on fewer but larger pieces of framing members. Framing members are spaced farther apart.
What are glulams used for?
Garage headers Patio door headers Carrying beans Window headers Exposed stair stringers
What does glulam stand for?
Glue laminated beam
What does LSL stand for?
Laminated strand lumber
What is stronger glulam or steel beam?
Glulam
What are the two divisions of softwood grades and their differences
Green (unseasoned) has moisture content of more than 19% Dry (seasoned) has moisture content of 19% or less
What are the two main types of woods from trees?
Hardwood and softwoods
What is the most common LVL product
I-Joist
In what ways is the camber measured?
Inches of camber : the amount the beam curves above a flat surface Radius of curvature : segment of huge circle
What is a coniferous tree?
It is a tree that produces seed-bearing cones, and most have leaves shaped like needles.
What does MC stand for?
Moisture content: the amount of water wood contains. Expresses as a % of what the wood would weight if it were completely dry
What are the two types of measurements in lumber?
Nominal dimensions and actual dimensions
Where are carpenter ants primarily located?
Northeast, Midwest and northwest
What are the most common types of composite panels?
OSB, hardboard, medium density fiber board (MDF) and particle board
What is the best way to rid carpenter bees?
Paint the wood
What are structural insulated panels?
Panels used with increased frequency to form the walls, floors and roof of a house, consists of 3 1/2" thick expanded polystyrene foam insulation between sheet of exterior plywood or OSB
What does PSL stand for?
Parallel strand lumber
What are the pre-scored knockouts located 12" OC in the i joist web for?
Passages for plumbing and electrical lines
What is composite panel product made of?
Pieces of wood that would be wasted. Mixed with adhesive and formed into panels
What are common softwoods?
Pine, hemlock, fir, cedar, redwood trees
Flat-sawn lumber
Produces boards of greater width than other cutting method. However boards are more likely to shrink and warp
What is veneer quality?
Specified grading by a letter ranging from A (highest) to D (lowest)
What does SIP stand for?
Structural insulated panels
What kind of termites account of 95% of all termite damage?
Subterranean termites
How is the house framed using the posts and beam framing system?
The first floor is framed using post and beam techniques where as the rest of the house is framed using platform framing.
Where does the damage from carpenter ants come from?
The irregular tunnels they create in wood for nests
What is seasoning?
The process of drying wood
What is the most desirable aspect of timber framing?
The structure that is exposed on the inside of the house (Ex: a cabin)
What size does two 1 3/4" LVL combine to?
The thickness of a standard 2x4
Why doesn't solid lumber rim joist work with flooring systems made with I joist?
The two products expand and shrink differently
What damage does carpenter bees do to wood?
They cut 1/2" diameter holes in bare or untreated wood. Then build their nest by boring a tunnel parallel to the surface of wood
Why must you permanently install thin blocks of wood against both sides of an I-joist web?
They reinforce the web preventing it from buckling at points of high stress. These are called web stiffeners
What is a spline?
Thin strip of wood used to reinforce a joint
What is a deciduous tree?
Tree that sheds its leaves annually during cold or very dry seasons
What is a joist?
Type of beam used to support a floor, ceiling or roof
What is timber framing?
Type of post and beam frame that rest on a foundation. Support members are fairly apart. Made from either hardwood or softwood timbers.
What are advantages of engineered lumber?
Used wood that would be wasted Performance is highly predictable Available in wide variety of dimensions &a long lengths Free of defects often found in solid lumber
What is one way to create a shear wall?
Using a specific nail spacing to attach sheathing
What is a shear wall?
Wall designed to resist lateral (sideways) forces.
What are some common hardwoods?
Walnut, mahogany, maple, birch, cherry oak and ash
What is used to attach the I-joist web & flanges?
Waterproof adhesive
What is the vertical meme we of an I-joist called?
Web
What is modulus of elasticity?
ratio showing the amount that wood will bend in proportion to its load. That actual amount of bending is called deflection
What are the important characteristics of finger jointed lumber?
• always straight • can be sawed and nailed exactly like solid lumber • makes use of short pieces of wood • available in longer lengths than standard lumber
What are some products of engineered lumber?
• laminated veneer headers / I joists • glue laminated beams • finger jointed studs • laminated strand lumber posts • oriented strand lumber window framing stock
What are the advantages of building house with structural insulated panels?
•shell of house is erected very quickly • house is very strong because their is wood sheathing on Inside &I out •energy efficient
