Praxis 2: Physical Education Content Knowledge

What are the years of Early Childhood and what does this stage involve?

(1.5-3/4 years), Development of fundamental movements

What are the years of Young Adulthood and what does this stage involve?

(18-30 years), Achieve peak physical abilities and performance

What are the years of Middle Childhood and what does this stage involve?

(3/4-5/6 years), Children further develop fundamental movements and extend them to sport skills

What are the years of Middle Adulthood and what does this stage involve?

(30-50~60 years), Make transitional adjustments as physical energy, strength and endurance decline somewhat

What are the years of Later Childhood and what does this stage involve?

(6-12) years, Children develop sport skills further

What are the years of Late Adulthood/Old Age and what does this stage involve?

(60-Death), The decline in life becomes more pronounced in this stage

What are the years of Infancy and what does this stage involve?

(birth to 1-1.5 years), Most rapid growth in size, weight, and brain development and first rudimentary form of voluntary movement

What are the years of Adolescence and what does this stage involve?

(puberty-18/20 years), Teens develop secondary sex characteristics and undergo sexual and physical maturation during and after puberty. Learn to accept their physiques and use them effectively

What are the 5 skills to develop EQ?

- Ability tor reduce stress quickly in various contexts -Ability to recognize emotions and prevent overwhelming -Ability to relate toothed s emotionally through nonverbal communication -Ability maintain connections during challenging circumstances through playfulness and humor -Ability for confidence, positive conflict resolution -To function well under stress, identify physiological responses to stress as this enables that. -Identify ind. stress response as sensory engage meant rapidly decreases stress.

What are an assessments purposes?

- To gauge student learning -To evaluate and improve instruction -TO communicate with students, parents and administrator s and identify curriculum gaps -TO evaluate and modify programs -TO validate and support programs through consistently providing objective data -To motivate student to learn through documenting growth and improvement

What is the HITT principle?

-High intensity interval training which involves exercising at high intensity and also to develop endurance, includes running, springing, climbing stairs, running up and down stadium steps or any other aerobic exercise performed at intensity levels of 7/10 or above.

What are the 6 ways to structure individual accountability in cooperative groups?

-Keep gourd size small to increase ind. accountability -Give each ind. student test -Randomly call on ind. student to present group work to teacher or class for oral exams -Observe each student group and record how often each member contributes to group -IN each group , assign one student to the function of checker, this student asks other members of his or her group to explain rationales and reasoning behind group answers they formulate -Have ind. student teach what is learned to another *Simultaneous explaining is when this is you with all students*

What are the 3 steps in violation of class rules?

-PE teacher gives oral, verbal warning that student is disobeying class rules -If student do/es not not comply, Teacher gives student time out -After initial time out, if student is/are still not fooling rules, PE teacher assigns additional time out during which student must write response.

What is reconnection and what are the five skills to develop EQ?

-Relieving stress rapidly in different situations -Identifying ones feeling sand keep from being overwhelmed by them -Using nonverbal communication to make emotional connections with others -Sustaining interactions under stress via humor and play -Resolving conflicts positively and confidently -To recognize emotions, stay focused and clam during stressful interactions and ask yourself about quality of relationship with emotions. Many people do this in reaction to stressful experiences. BY doing this and becoming conformable with and accessing core emotional, one may become more knowledge on their own emotional intelligence and health -Mindful mediation cna faciailte these

What does the TREE acronym stand for?

-Teaching style -Rules and Regulations -Equipment -Enviroment

What are some questions a coach should ask themselves about the fund mantel tings to consider when communicating with athletes?

-Whether they have athletes attention -Whether they are explains so athletes can understand easily -Whether athletes understood what coach said -Whether athletes believe what coach tells them -Whether athletes accept what coach says

What are the COR theory principles?

-resource loss is disproportionally more impactful than resource gain -To prevent resource loss, recover form loss and gain resources people must invest resources *Proactive coping and positive stress outcomes are also aspects considered in this*

What is the history of Physical ed. ion America?

1800s: Physical. ed began modern development stemming for integration of gymnastics into secondary ed. -As gymnastics grew state laws began to require that students participate in daily periods of exercise 1900s: progressive education psychologists began using for inc. PA as means to provide more rounded ed including meeting physical and social goals -Much o fphys ed during this timeframe included focus on hygiene and endurance -World War 1: -this progression continued as many recounts did not meet physical fitness standards fo rcmopabt so ion response several presidential campaigns sought to improve state of physical fitness in America by creating standard curriculum and assessments in fitness -Early to mid 1900s: schools begin adopting popular sports and competed with one another. Until alase 1900s, diversity issue slime participation of women and minority gourds in athletic comp. -Modern Physical ed seeks to find balance between health and physiology pedagogy and ever popular focus of sports while trying to ensure that physical health is accessible to all studetns

What are the 4 Corollary of the COR theory?

1: those with more of these are more able to gain and less venerable to lose these conversely, those with fewer of these are less able to gain and more like ly to lose these 2: Initial loss causes future loss 3: initial gain causes additional gain 4: lacking these engenders defensive responses of conserving what of these one does possess

What are adventure and outdoor pursuits?

2 main purposes for this are: -Beneficial use, utilitarian value or social and physical rewards reaped through goal directed ind. or gourd activity -Pleasurable appreciation , experiences that thence perceptual or spiritual development through engagement in natural world and nature processes -WhIle actives can be emotionally and spiritually rewarding, they are primarily physical -Physical and social setting can meet achievement needs for testing endorse and stamina , improving or challenging skills, practicing and excitement or adventure seeking, it can also meet needs for team building and building social connections, risk talking, survival skills, self sufficiency and physical health

What are some approaches to stress management?

4 major life skills people can apply to cope with common lifestyles inclusive of this are values clarification, decision making, communication skills and coping skills. The following are typical life stressors in early childhood, adolescents , middle adulthood and later adulthood and coping mechanisms they can apply from life skill perspective of this life skill: -Early childhood: pets death-reviewing pets positive qualities and considering getting another pet can address stressors -Adolescence: unwanted pregnancy-discussing feasible alternatives in ramifications for the teen, unborn baby, family and society is not only required to make decisions but provides positive coping -Middle Adult hood: Divorce-evaluating impact on couple and relative and friend and roles played by marital status, social expectations outside home and religion inform values clarification coping mechanisms -Later adulthood: Retirement-when people retiring for careers or employment view retirement in terms of values, this can facilitate ability to choose feasible options for post retirement living

What grades are included in the skills of dribbling, shooting, throwing, catching and rolling skills?

4th graders should be able to demonstrate bank shot with basketball and dribble ball around obstacles with good ball control while chaining direction sat jogging speed 5th graders: should be able to dribble basketball with good control while changing speed and direction around defensive opposing player show must all and not use hands and demo basketball layup using opposing foot on takeoff while moving continuously throughout 6th graders: should be able to demo good skills for handing basketballs Kindergarteners: should throw and catch beanbags to themselves and catch teacher brown foam balls from 5 feet First graders: Should roll tennis ball and school up slowly rolled tennis ball in hands, how small soft balls with hand foot opposition and consistently cat big balls self tossed above head

What are the primary functions of nonverbal communication?

5 primary function of this identified by social psychologist Micael argyle include: -expressing feelings, communicate interpersonal relationships to support verbal interaction, reflect personality and performing greetings, farewells and other social rituals -This accompanies and interacts with verbal communication, facial expressions, vocal tones and physical gestures can reinforce verbal meaning. -IN some cases, this contradicts verbal messages. -In PE activities sometimes if teachers have instructed students in verbal techniques it can be difficult to hear others voices or locate ind. callers during public games with noisy spectators.

What are sports checklists?

A good one of these has liens for student name, team , teacher or coach name and assessment period -Some typical skills to assess via this with a column on right for comments include practice punctuality and participation, positive attitude with teacher/coach and teammates, skills in sport specific techniques with liens fo teacher or coach to list these, healthy competitive and aggressive elves for sport participation and equipment use skills with liens to write specific pieces of equipment -This can include additional column for notes or comments

How may one be seen eligible for APE?

A student may be identify for determining APE this under special ed survives through testing by PT or OT or to be recommended for evaluation by student intervention team, teacher, parent -Additional indicators include that the student does not perform at their ability level in group settings, students scores below average in two or more parts of school district state physical fitness testing, student exhibits social behaviors impeding their own or other s learning for more than 1/3 of class time or student scores 1.5 standards deviation s or more below norm in two or more parts of designated norm referenced test -Student should be given test of gross motor development and the results are not within normal limits, this is indication for determining eligibility for APE -School personnel should furnish to school PE staff names of students recommended or identified for APE for coming school year plus copy of each students TGMD by end of school year. -PE staff should have access to electronic databases for writing IEP goals and objectives for APE

What are NAPSE learning standards?

A volleyball activity for serving and defending can meet these by -1/2: setting, spiking, forearm passing, defensive strategies and officiating -3/4: aerobic capacity 5/6: cooperating and accepting challenges -Once teams server hits ball, team defense require each player to know base position, defend space and respond timely to offensive attacks by opposing team -Teams first defensive hit should be pass to enable effective defense to offense transition

How can one teach accent and phrasing?

Active that emphasizes these involves bouncing pinky balls on different beats within measure or phrase first wile standing and then while walking. Teachers instruct student sot stand and bounce balls on 1 of each 4 voutyn phrase then on 2, then on 3 then on 4 practicing repeatedly before chasing beats. After this teachers have students do this while walking and can give them difference combos of bouncing with walking. Teachers can give most challenging transition from 4 to 1 count without stopping while walking through space, and may also change up the bouncing type if wanted.

What is the type of energy used in muscular contraction?

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is molecule with adenosine nucleotide attached to there phosphate groups providing energy for muscular contraction, converted via cellular respiration from food energy. This energy is stored and released for muscles to access when bond is broken between its second and third phospate groups. When bond is broken, third phosphate group is released by itself reducing ATP molecule to Adenosine DIphospohate (ADP) with two phosphate groups. Replacing third phosphate group resorts ADP into ATP agin. The process of cellular respiration converting food energy to ATP depends largely upon how much oxygen is available. Exercise intensity and duration affect amounts of oxygen the muscle cells demand and oxygen supply avalibel to them. Depending on this amount available any one of three exercise energy systems can be accessed selectively (alactic, lactic, or aerobic energy systems)

What is using hand held tools?

After babies master motor actions involved in reaching and grasping objects they can apply their skills to achieve rewarding rests. They learn to differentiate textures as they bang hard objects against hard surfaces as it makes a noise but will not repeat beginning soft objects against soft surfaces as non noise is made. Infants are observed to test different combinations of objects and surfaces to determine noisiest. At 9 months, babies typically bang on surfaces with spoons but take several months longer do develop fine motor control for using spoons in complex operation fo scooping and brining food to mouth, Jean Piaget described how older babies differ their reading and grasping skills into instrumental actions to attain goals.

How is collaboration carried among educational professionals?

All teachers and other members of school teams contribute various strengths to learning environments and classrooms for this kind of problem solving -When teachers do this with other education professionals this assist them in leaning new methods for supporting their student sand in making informed educational decision -Despite challenges in making time for it experts in ed maintain importance to school administrators ensuring that teachers have time to work together with others to make decision regarding students -This is necessary for all student and even more crucial for students with disabilities particularly for meeting these students needs in general PE classes -Student mainstreamed in PE classes can exhibit wide variety of ability levels and types -Meeting all needs in general PE classes is difficult fo teacher to do alone -To provide opportunities that enable each student to succeed, professionals must work as team -Regular PE teachers, APE teachers, PT, OT , Special ed teachers, classroom teachers, teachers of ind. subjects, curriculum and program developers, administrators, parents, school board members, colleges and university s and their professor sand instructors all need to do this to ensure student success in PE.

What is PF and academic achievement?

Another study of how this affects task performance found children with high physical fitness levels had both quicker reaction times and higher percentages of accurate responses than children with low fitness -Other research demos how cognitive function improving following intense exercise -A study of emerging adults found participants performed better on cognitive measures following exercise -Study comparing teacher led fitness activities to active gaming found students took nearly twice the steps and burned more calories per minute in the former than the latter.

What are teaching methods vs experience levels?

BY studying sports train methods as informed by principles of motor learning, it has been found that while educators must structure leaning environments according to their particular students skill levels and info processing abilities, train meths used should be constant across students. Beginners are more limited in ability to process info/ Additionally, motor learning principles dictate positive correspondence between complexity of regulatory stimuli educators use and students experience. Without enough novelty, motor learning will not take place while too much novelty will overwhelm student processing capacities. Teachers can control learning environment to accommodate beginners lower processing abilities. As students gain playing skills, teachers can introduce more new stimuli enabling student motor behaviors to progress in complexity

What are some essential communication considerations for coaches?

Before doing this with athletes, coaches should consider: -WHY they wish to do this -WHO they want to do this with -WHERE -WHEN this is the best time to do this -WHAT they want to say -HOW they want to say it

What is supportive physical health?

Better of this automatically converse better mental and emotional health -Physical health practice supporting mental and emotional health include adequate sleep, about 7-8 hours for most ind. -Learning about and practicing good nutrition is also import as it is complex and sometimes not simple to implement but the more we learn about how what we eat affects mood as we'll as energy, strength, endurance the easier ti can become to heat for physical and psychological health -Exercise not only promotes physical fitness it powerfully relievers anxiety, depression and tress and through regularly incorporating PA into daily life, one may develop some enormous benefits such as improved mood.

What are some ind group and club PA?

Bicycling: promotes PF and can be done individually or in groups or clubs. Various bicycling opportunity and supplies are available online. -Students can participate in school bowling programs and clubs during, before or after school -FOr schools that do not include cheerleaders for sports team, teachers can help interested students organize cheer teams competitively -Canoeing is an excellent outdoor PA combining PF with adventure, safety and wilderness survival skills and interacting with nature -Another challenging outdoor activity is orienteering as some teens have developed amazing proficiency at art of speed staking cups which provides PA -THe many existing dance forms combine PA with art forms, self expression technical skills, music, comp, and fun -Many school. PE programs do not teach gymnastics when they do experts advise only teaching basics for safety as this provides high condition and disciple outside school -Inline skating is rec activity involving movement and skill

What is the main fitness skill to work towards within the grades 4-6 and 7-9?

Body core strength, which during this time frame of grade level, provides foundation for all sports and PA.

How does learning tumbling and gymnastics benefit someone?

By learning these skills, it contributes significantly to children's develop in many domains through academic performance and personality , psychological and social development as well, students meeting challenges in gymnastics gain self confidence in own abilities which extends to School subject sand other life areas. The superior body movement and coordination young children gain through these give them much self confidence. Children lacking in other sports benefit for success in this area as teachers can control challenges and progress experience. Student learn to overcome fears and perform in front of others. -Through training got this students build determination a hard work ethic as its a controlled environment and rules teach discipline. Physical strength and flexibility from these benefit football, basketball, baseball and other sport athletes as flexibility also decreases risk of injury. -Listening, following directions, taking turns, politeness and respecting others are also social skills learned in this.

What is strength?

By puberty girls usually have these types of spurts the same year as troth spurts, but boys ones of these are a year or more behind height. In puberty boys gain muscle mass while girls gain fatty tissue. While pediatric experts say body building and power lifting are unsafe fore prepubescent children, weight training is safe and can enhance sport performance and motor fitness skills. Adolescence is critical period when muscle mass increase most and resistance training improves strength and endurance. This though declines with age regardless but training slows rate of decline. This directly affects imndedpende mobility. Even the elderly can improve this. Resistance training also manages fat to muscle ratios.

What is nutrition biochemistry and supplementation?

Certain nutrients are found naturally in bodies -Creatine concurs naturally consigns of the amino acid, arginine, glycine, and methionine -Most creatine in oboes is bound to phosphate groups -When we tour out, muscular contraction s release molecules of ADP depleting muscles plies of ATP which needed for energy -To replace ATP stores, phosphorylated creatine donates phosphate groups to ADP -Normal this process needs non supplementation however, body builders and other athlete may take creatine supplement stop speed up and expand muscle growth -Another naturally occurring nutrient is glutamine, the body most plentiful amino acid and also occurs naturally in dairy products we consume, this prevents breakdown, making workout more effective over time -Normally we need no more glutamine though body can break down muscle tissue to access amino acids for building protein if protein deficiency exists -Knowing this info can prevent unnecessary supplementation or inform supplementing only under medical supervision

What is peer acceptance?

Children and teens judge own competence sin large part through social comparison to peers and evaluations from peers -Moreover student beliefs or self worth approaches to motivation, participatory behaviors and emotional experiences are all influenced by theses -One type of relationship relative to student behavior and psychosocial results in sports and PA is this. -This represent extent to which members of peer like group or embrace ind. varying form rejection to popularity -There is revealing evidence that strong relationships between students degrees of perceived physical competence and degrees of peer acceptance.

How can one incorporate PA into school day

Classroom teachers can do this into subject areas across curriculum as they can obtain PA guides fo including PA into ELA, math, arts, science and social studies. -Also while not actual physical movement itself -reading literature and writing assignments about tPA topics can also be useful for directing student attention on educating them about PA Teachers can reward with PA as well

How can one train an athletic skill?

Common consideration in teaching new athletic skills is whether to teach skill as whole or break it down into its component peaces and teach those individually. To acquire specific sport skills whole training has been found superior to part train for motor learning. NO study seems to throw better results from teaching ind. parts of such sport skills or teaching individual skill parts in progressive sequence. Much additional research corroborates concept t that athletic skills demanding high levels of inter limb coordination are learned best through teaching and practicing whole skill rather than parts.

How can one locate and present info?

Computer tablet and smartphone tech offers great advantages to PE teacher for both of these issues and in regards to educational info -PE teachers can search regularly update databases for new research studies published and even simply type search terms into search engines -School and district intranets and internets WWW can both offer teachers ways to connect students, families, colleagues, staff and administrators with community resources for health and human services, private tutoring, counseling, support, funding and rec, dance, athletic and sport specific extracurricular programs and activities -Teachers can find research sources to write material for advancing education and credentials furthering knowledge in field. -They can use program like Microsoft powerpint, word, excel, publisher to present what they write to student classes, faculty meetings, PTA meetings and professional conferences and conventions

What is the main fitness skill to work towards within the grades k-3 and 4-6?

Creative dance activities as this builds endurance and develops spatial awareness and concepts.

What is recognititon and regulation?

EQ includes self awareness, self regulation, social awareness and rleaitnhsip management. EQ affects physical, mental health, school and work performance and relationships.

How cna one be sensitive to various beliefs?

Each school district is responsible for maintaining balance between aligning curriculum with state standards and also taking into account fulfilling diverse needs of student pop. -School districts have duty of collaborating with community based cultural and religious organizations to build cultural and religious sensitivity as continuing endeavor. -Some states establish networks to help school district find and access organizations specializing in expertise related to subject

What are the 3 types of somatotypes?

Ectomorph: long narrow thin shape with minimal muscle or fat. Good sports for ectomorphs includes long distance tuning and high jump Endomorph: fat and often pear shaped with narrow shoulders and wide hips with small ankles and wrists but more fat on torso, arms and legs. Good sports for endomorphs include shot put and wresting Mesomorph: muscular often wedge shape with wide shoulder and narrow hips strong limbs and little body fat. Good sprouts for mesomorphs include gymnastics and swimming

How can a PE teacher plan, adapt and implement lesson plans?

Effective PE teachers inform selves of any medical conditions student might have including those not obvious or visible or identified disabilities and modify instructional strategies so that all students learn same concepts and comparable skill sand meet similar learning objectives but each in ways that address ind. needs. -A student with a condition such as a bone or joint disability would don't be able to execute forward roll in dubbing, gymnastics or other actives with safety -However, PE teacher can enable students to meet comparable learning objective by perfuming log roll instead

What is reading and grasping?

Even before birth, fetuses display arm and hand movements, waving arms, making isolated finger movements and using coordinated arm-hand movemets like moving thumbs to mouths . Outside womb, newborns must content with gravity. Beginning with jerky extensions and flapping of arms, successful development of reading for objects by 4-5 months is achieved. Detailed motion analysis revels that infants initially problem solve by moving hands to targets individually. More sedentary babies must transcend gravity to raise arms while more active babies must damp inertia to control arm flapping, Both only open hands into fitting shapes after touching objects. BY around 8 months babies can adjust hand shapes prior to object contact informing themselves visually about object shape size and orientation. While visual info about object properties and locations is critical to adaptive planning of arm and hand movements, babies can do this action as successfully in dark as in light so they need not see their arms or hands for guidance. likely because kinesthetics and proprioception work for body parts but not separate objects.

How can one understand and appreciate diversity?

Experienced PE teachers hav observed that students and theaters alike often suffer form unrealistic stereotypical views of diverse students. -This is detrimental even when stereotype appears positive -Making stereotyped assumptions can hurt such students by depriving them of needed behavioral and academic support. -When teachers ask student first thing they think of when they name Asian American , student say smart, when they name African Americans, students say good athletes. -Yet not every affiance American person is athletic. Even in own culture some oil this students excelling academically may be stereotyped as acing white -Educators call for the necessity for teacher to examine and challenge own stereotypical beliefs and understand own diversity in order to teach student to do same.

What is PA seen as in levels among diverse pop.?

Experts recommend local govt. offices should work together with members of communities who represent people with disabilities , low income, and culturally and ethnically diverse backgrounds. Incorporating input and insight these community members can contribute they can collaborate to make organized plans, identify secure and prepare or renovate suitable sites, construct community rec faculties and staff, operate and manage them. Some neighborhoods have organized local walking groups and actives in ethnically diverse communities. These combine greater PA with safety and social interaction -For culturally competent responses, rec facilities should organize family exercise programs rather than Ind. targeting women, men, seniors, youth.

What are some walking and running actives for ages 5-12?

Follow the leader: played in groups of four to five and locomotor skill and leader can be regularly changed Stuck in the mud: teacher can vary locomotor skills and can also vary traveling locomotor skills used Buzz off: played like stuck in the mud except when player is tagged he or she stands still scratching as if bitten by insect. To release tagged player 2 other players go to him or her, pass their hands over him or her and say buzz off Blob tag: 2 students holding hands try to take others while remains connected. Whenever they tag someone that student joins the blob. oNce blob off 4 they break into 2 pairs and keep tagging until all students are joint in blobs Fast cars: students stand in circle and each is given car name. Whenever teacher calls out car name, student race around circle and park in original positions

What is alphabet hopscotch?

For grades K-3, Teachers can provide this lesson that improves student balance and coordination and also give students practice with English language at same time -Pre requisites are that student must have learned game of hopscotch and be family with sequence of this -Advantage of this game is that it can be played in odors or outdoors -Indoors, desks other objects and debris soul don't be near board to prevent injury in case someone falls -Teacher draws hopscotch board on floor or pavement using chalk or paint -This board must contain all letter of alphabet scattered in radon order among squares as each student takes turn hopping through ABC alternating left and right feet -Variations include adding capital and cursive letter and association letters and colors to left and right feet

What are some situations where feedback is not necessary?

For student leaning motor tasks receiving this is necessary component,. -But some tasks inherently provide environmental of this -With some skills within ga demo enables student to see easily how to do it correctly with also reduces need for this -Whether student needs this or amount of this needed can be directly associated with student learning level -If simple skill easily to learn or student has enough experience with skill some times this is unnecessary. -Part of effective PE instruction is knowing when to provide this as PE Teachers how give skill related specific of this help student learn skills more quickly and efficiently. -Effective PE teachers also organize classes to afford rewired opportunities for practice as well as giving student skill related this when they need it.

What are digital devices in relation to PE?

Form of digital devices gaining popularity today is fit bit -These devices synch wirelessly with mobile devices enabling people to monitor and record actives and progress in numerous fitness areas and access online tools to track improvement and gain additional insight -These products include the zip or a wireless activity track resembling pedometer -The one a wireless s activity sleep tracker -Flex and the force both wireless activity and sleep wristbands -And the Aira a wi fi enabled smart scale that indicates weight, body fat percentage and BMI and wirelessly syncs with online mobile and graphing tools -PE teachers can encourage students having access to these devices to use them to increase and maintain motivation and monitor own progress by tracking active minutes, steps taken, miles covered, calories burned, and stairs climbed setting fitness goals, challenging friends and monitoring weight control and sleep quality

How can a physical educator identify goals and objectives?

Good PE teachers design lessons thoughtfully -When implementing them they effectively demo concepts, pace progressions involved, and apply teaching strategies to be appropriate soever student -Observe student progress and performance carefully, analyze and asses it accurately and give them timely positive feedback through applicable teaching opportunities -IN design instruction, PE teachers realize progressive nature of student motor skill acquisition and sequence units and lesson according -They identify suitable contexts in which to teach specific skills nc combine them with developing related complementary skills -_Observing student ability maturation, PE teachers respond to emerging developmental changes -PE teachers enhance student skills development by analyzing skill son continuum of task analysis and focus on critical concepts and components in feedback to inform students -They supply student with opportunities to succeed at appropriately challenging difficult levels and with suitable amounts of time for practicing newly learned skills

What is considered respect for students in a teacher perspective?

Good PE teachers should challenge student snot only physically but also mentally. This can be done by assisting student sin setting goals for selves that promote discovery by and about selves. Working toward these goals should also develop student higher order cognitive skill for analyzing, interpreting, synthesizing and evaluating -Good PE teachers not only know the specific skills that promote problem solving and critical thinking skills but also recognize that facilitating student squatty participation also full engages student in learning environments.

How can one teach rhythm?

Hip hop activity giving student practice in changing duration among regular time, half time and double time plus emphasis on beat and phrasing.

What is French and Spanish in dance?

IN ballet, foundation for all other dance forms is this as it originated in Italy but was largely developed and advanced in this notably popularized by king Louis -The word ballet itself is this and only certain terms are translated into English among English speaking ballet teachers and dancers but ballet was known Otherwise as this type of predominate -Due to origin in this country and based on other Latin American speaking countries, Latin ballroom dance forms include This type of terminology

What are movement principles?

Impact when landing should be distributed across greats possible distance, area or both and joints should b event when landing form jumps for absorbing force. Learning cues for landing on feet including landing with feet apart and knees bent. ChIldren should land in toes ball of foot heel sequence and wriggle toes, pull in stomach, tuck bottoms under, stretch arms out, hold heads up, look straight and hold landing for 3 sec. TO land prone on hands or arms should hold arms shoulder width apart, bend elbows, keep hands flat, spread finger,s hold head up, keep bodies straight and pull in stomach to prevent back arching -3 Phases of learning are -Discover: children explore show no stable support base, landfall footed and show little give in knees Development: children land form various distances or heights realizing importance of shock absorption, show stable support based, land more consistently in toes ball of foot hell order, bend knees after heels touch ground and rotate forward upon landing Consolidation: Children show control and confidence landing in unpredictable or changing circumstances, show wide support base, make controlled landings safely Dana absorb shock through bovine in hips, knees and ankles

What is a referral for APE services?

Individual School district policies for this vary -IN general school must first explore alternative programs and procedures within general ed. PE program -If student has difficulty with regular PE, teachers parents and others can do this with the student for these services through student teacher or other school personal at IEP committee meeting, planning and placement team meeting or child study conference _General ed PE teachers and parents who think student with disability would benefit from this can request this from special ed director or school principal -Upon written parental consent qualified personal conduct formal these of students motor, fitness and behavioral skills -A meeting is scheduled to discuss assessment results and determine levels of PE support required -Designated team determines student eligibility for Special ed. -PE staff can identify , assess and recommend APE for student not identified as eligible for special ed based on APE guilders entrance criteria -Students eligible for special ed with gross or fine motor skill deficits are referred for PT or OT evals. which PE teachers use to develop IEP goals and objectives

What is the principle of feedback?

Input form teachers and coaches is vital for students to learn motor skills. Student motivation and interest are enhanced by positive feedback, while student recognition and correction of errors are enhanced by negative feedback. When students learn motor skills. these are temporarily saved in short term memory but positive feedback supports transfer to permanent long term memory and not only encourages but also helps students to remember all aspects of performance. Negative feedback is not only corrective but also motivational as when students do not improve technique over time they lose motivation -Students receive internal feedback through kinesthesia and proprioception. When movement is produced they receive sensation and info from muscles, joints and balance stystems. They also receive verbal and visual external feedback from teachers and coaches. -This next type of feedback improves internal feedback by enabling student sand athletes to establish kinesthetic references for correct movement and techniques which is called augmented feedback. Extrinsic feedback includes knowledge of performance and info about performance and technique. *Positive feedback is crucial to beginners for successfully learning skills*

What are PE checklists?

It is natural for teachers house observation to assess student skill acquisition -When they observe student performance, PE teachers and coaches typically looking for them to demo skills and/or skill areas -These lend themselves to observational assessment as they list these skill areas in advance and the teacher or coach needs only perform one action reflection level of students mastery -This may also include Oscar at bottom for teacher to write district PE Objectives

What are some typical growth patters?

Just before puberty boys and girls both typically experience preadolescent dip in growth. After this, the experience sudden often dramatic adolescent growth spurts during middle stages. Girls typically have growth spurts 2 years earlier than boys but female growth spurts do not last as long and girls do not gain as much total height as boys. -While boys begin growth spurts later than girls they grow for longer and gain more total height which accounts for average greater heights of males than females. *Height growth becomes slower in later stages of puberty* -Once girls are 15 and boys 17, their height growth is stopped -Both boys and girls undergo slowing of weight gain similar to reductions in height growth rates during later stages of puberty

What apparatuses are used in gymnastics?

Low parallel bars: 7 feet long 15 inches high and 18 inches wide for prating hadn't balances Standard parallel bars: adjustable hand rails made of fine grained wood on uprights connected by oval shaped pressed steel rails Rails: go under upright and are completely secured inside base Bars: adjust from 3 feet and 9 inches to 5 feet and 3 inches high and from 15 to 18 inches wide Mats: thick pads covered with canvas or other material filled with 2 inches of kapok/felt made in various lengths and widths and grades to protect gymnasts when landing or falling Side Horse: Cylindrical body with and 14 inch diameter covered in leather and mounted on steel legs with two pommels. Spring board: inclined board about 6 feet by 22 inches over fulcrum about half length. Lightweight usually made of ash, shot with rubber and with upper end carpeted in cork. it is used to spring off from for tumbling, horse and buck vaulting and to parallel bars.

What are the major human body systems functions?

Lymphatic system: retrieves builds leaking from capillaries (SBV) and contains white blood cells hence supporting parts of immune system -Cardiovascular system: transports nitrites contining oxygen and other necessities throughout bloodstream, transports gaseous wastes for elimination nd supports immune function Urinary System: regulates balance of fluids, electrolytes and pD and removes nitrogenous waste from blood -Digestive system: breaks foods down into proteins, sugars, amino acids and other building blocks for body metabolic processes, growth, replenishment and repair -Respiratory system: performs gas exchanges by taking in, warming and moistening environmental air, delivering oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide -Nervous system: provides sensory input, interprets sensory info, evokes and signals responses and coordinates muscle functions -Endocrine system: secretes hormones regulating body growth, metabolism, and general functionality -Reproductive system: produces hormones enabling reproduction and creates, nurtures and delivers offspring. -Circulatory system: includes the heart and blood vessels as it delivers blood to and from lungs and rest of body to supply oxygen and remove CO2

What are locomotor skills?

Movements we use our legs and feet to move bodies from one location to another. Basic skill of this children develop In order usually learned is: walking, running, hopping, jumping, skipping, galloping, sliding and leaping. Age 1: Walking Age 2: run, hop and jump Age 3: Gallop, skip, slide and leap *Young children need to practice daily at most, weekly at the least with parent instruction*

What are some walking and running movements from the ages 0-5?

Musical hoops: give children hoops, have them dance to music using tried locomotion and jump into hnearest hoop when music stops. Remove hoops each time until children must squeeze into hoops together Whilst stop: children walk around, avoiding touching others, they freeze in place upon whilst blow and change locomotion every time Movement A-B: have children take small or giant steps, run, turn while walking, m walk hell to toe, jump, hop, tiptoe, crawl, roll etc between two points Traffic lights: children imitate cars, large red, green and yellow cardboard circles are lights. They run fast near green, walk slowly near yellow and stop instantly and jog in place near red Cars: children walk around in Paris, one child behind with hands on front Childs shoulders. Found child steers changing directions and taking turns motor bikes: children run or walk around with feet shoulder width apart and knees slightly bent, on whilst blow or other signal they must stop, jump and land as quietly as possible holding landing for 3 sec Tail chase: with tail scarves tucked into waistbands or pockets, children try to Cath anthers tails protecting their own while moving. When children Cath others tails they given them back and keep playing, teacher may include jumping to inc. difficulty

How can one establish and monitor fitness goals?

One should set these that lead to long therm changes in life-style and are realistic -These should include both results and behavior. -Students should understand underlying objectives as they can have far more control over accomplishing behavioral vs outcome of theses so they should focus on attaining those target behaviors i -When unable to accomplish outcome related goals students should change behavior of this accordingly. -If unable to meet both they should reevaluate fitness of these all together

What are the different types of feedback?

One way to differentiate descriptive form prescriptive is that in descriptive: Teacher tells student what he or she observed the student doing incorrectly while in prescriptive: teacher tells student what student needs to do to correct error teacher observed. -IN order to give effective prescriptive, PE teachers must know what student did incorrectly and provide solution to correct it

What are diverse cultural implications?

PE Teachers need not realize cultural differences encountered when teaching diverse students -For all English language learners, teacher should include visual aids in demos and empty peer facilitators to bridge language barriers -American teachers accustomed to encouraging comp must realize other collectives cultures frown on competing and value cooperation and should according de-emphasize aggressive comp. -Knowing what teachers expect of them makes students more comfortable as do cooperative learning environments positive reinforcement benefits them -Culturally they communicate nonverbal and rely on this more when they are ELLs

What are PE classroom management methods?

PEACE: Protect PE equipment, Enter and Exit quietly, Attention, Cooperative, Esteem

What is motivator and commitment to fitness?

Plaling specific workout times and establishing routine helps PA become habit. -Students can enter these in their smartphone or tablet colanders like appointments, set alarm to remind them went to do this and pack workout bags or lay out exercise clothes and gear in advance. - IF one does not feel like exercising they may agree with themselves to do short light workout as once prepared and warmed up one will often become motivated for full session. -One should not give up if they miss as session but reevaluate their fitness behavior plans, adjust strategizes to prevent future omissions, recommit, analyze past barriers and identify new streakiest o surmount them as well as make backup plans for unexplored events or situations -Doing a variety of actives and exercises maintains interest.

How can one structure positive interdependence?

Positive goal interdependence: student understand that only way to accomplish learning goals is if all group members also achieve leaning goals as a shared goal unties gourd, giving them concrete reason for groups existence. Student must care about how much eery other group member learns and must perceive the they sink or swim together. To establish this , teachers must structure clear mutual or group goal incorporated one every lesson. Positive Reward: celebrate interdependence: Teacher gives every group member same reward for accomplishing gourd goals and may also include joint rewards adding to goal interdependence. Teachers may give student Sind. test grades, group grades for overall results and extra credit for all members meeting test criteria. *experts find cooperation quality enhanced through regularly celebrating group success and effort*

How can one organize positive interdependence?

Positive resource interdependence: Ever group member only has part of info, materials or resources need to complete task therefore members must combine resources to attain group goals. To improve cooperative group relationships, teachers may give students limited resources that they hav to share. Positive role interdependence: Every group member is assigned role, specifying responsibilities needed for our to complete joint task, Each role is interconnected and complimentary with others. Checking fo understating correlates significantly with higher student leaning and achievement levels

What is a common PE rule across the country?

RESPECT: Right to learn, Effort, Safety, Purpose, Enthusiasm, Challenge, Trust/Team Building. Yourself Others Equipment

What do diet, PA and health all have in common?

Regular of this aid sin weigh tcontrol, strengthens heart, blood vessels, lungs, muscles, bones, and joints and lowers risks fo heart disease, stroke, diabietes and various cancers -This must recombined with good nutrition to be most effective. Improper nutrition can undermine any benefit oof this as the body requires fuel to do this -Doing this vigorously for hours is usually insufficient to burn as many calories as one can easily consume from junk foots, fast foods and restaurant foods in prevalent modern society -Improper of this can derail health benefits of this. -To lose weight one must explencd more than what is consumed. This requires a calorie deficit. -Regularly engaging in this is necessary for maintaining this. When when people hav lost this if they. are doing this on a regular basis they lower risk of diabetes and CVD beyond risk reduction afforded by weight loss alone

What is an example of classroom management practices?

SIT: S warning for violation, Second Violation get an 1, Third violation a T in which students sit out during specified duration so class until they can verbalize how they will return to class "ready to learn" ABCD: Act sadly, Be prepared and be positive, Cooperate, DO your best with the Motto "Have fun-work Hard-learn"

What are some individual differences on learning?

Situational interest can help motivate students to boom engaged in process of learning. Teachers can change and arrange task presentation, structure of learning experiences, and instructional strategies to enhance student situational interest. Student interest is found to have greater influence on student learning behavior as well as on student intentions for future participation. Teachers still lack clarity in understand hotels they can play in helping got stimulate and develop student interest. When ind. interact with environment, two kinds of interest emerge: situational and individual. Both kinds have 2 phases. -Situational linters has a phase when interest is activated and an ensuing phase when interest is sustained. -Individual interest has a phase when interest emerges and an ensuing phase when interest is defined

What are rules for k-12 PE classes?

Some recommended of these when attuning PE classes include the following -Student should be prepared for PE class, including wearing only athletic shoes no dresses and tying back long hair, students should pay attention including treating classmates, teacher and equipment same way they want to be treated, and not eating or brining food to PE class or chewing gum. -Students should be safe and respectful including following directions, staying on task and cooperating with others -Some PE teachers also inform students of consequences for violating rules during class.

What is a physically educated student?

Someone who has learned necessary skills for performing varied PA, participates regularly in PA, is physically fit, knows benefit and implications of engaging in PA, and values PA and what it contributes to healthy lifestyles

What are partners of group learning?

Student in these first learn skills, procedures, knowledge and strategies together then they apply this ind. to show they have mastered it personally. Teachers must eval each student contributes to group work, give ind. students and groups constructive feedback, help gourds eliminate work redundancy by multiple members and assure all members responsibility for final results.

What is Adapted Physical ed.

Students with qualifying disabilities receive special ed and related services and have IEPs. -Special ed includes PE as if a students disability requires adaptations to participate in PE the student must receive APE. -While therapeutic recreation, physical therapy, and occupational therapy are related services, PE and Ape are not related services but instead are direct educational services according to federal law -APE is aligned with PE int erm sot curriculum purposes. -IN defiant APE, the IDEA includes motor fitness, physical fitness, fundamental motor patterns and morrow skills, ind. and gourd games and sports, lifetime sports, aquatics skills and dance skills -These are same skills as in PE bud ind. in design to meet unique needs of students with disabilities. -Student difficulties with physical mobility, functional independence or motor performance impending participation and benefitting for PE should receive APE. PT,OT and TR may additional be recommended for students but are not subs or interchangeable with APE

How can one develop body and spatial awareness?

TO help students develop this, Pe teachers can instruct them to touch or point to their various body parts, from bodies into shape sand fit bodies into differently sized and shaped spaces. These can both assess and develop this -To asses and develop this, PE teachers can provide differently sized and shaped objects like boxes, balls and hopps to have students move around, over, under, into, out of, in front of, in back of and towards/away from. -To help students develop understanding of force, PE Teachers can place targets at varying distances. and have students throw beanbags, balls or other objects at targets and can prompt student to notice how much force they must use to reach nearer vs farther targets as well as discussion of use of too much or too little force.

What are some reflective methods?

TO improve instruction, PE teachers can do this on what they know in their file dead experiences they have had while teaching -They use this knowledge to ascertain what students most importantly need to know and be able to do and they then use their design and selection of student learning actives on these priorities -PE teachers who are best att here jobs are creative at finding ways to combine promotion of classrooms that assure safe environments and equitable student treamtenent with plannig of lessons characterized by diveristy -IN addition, they extend their experience and expertise to students by giving them opportunities for developing their own of this -BY encouraging such persona evaluation, PE teachers help student seance attitudes, ethical behaviors and performance -Effective PE teachers are aware that this is integral though process which teachers and students can both apply to learning environment for enrichment

How is educational gymnastic modified?

TO provide inclusive PE environments, modifications are needed to make learning environments are and meaningful for every student, enabling all students successfully learning appropriate PE skills and eliminating mismatches between lesson content and student skill levels. TO be appropriate , mojodifcations must not make settings or actives unsafe for non disabled students, not ruin actives or games by precluding fun, not overburden regular PE teachers and enable safe, meaning full and successful disabled student participation.

What is above and beyond the blankets?

Teachers can create lesson plans for 4th and 5th graders to practice with correct meaning and uses of English prepositions and prepositional phrases in sentences while improving physical reaction times through immediate body movements respond to teacher cues. -Materials need are blankets or towels -Teachers can group students according to class size with each student taking turns -Alternate variation if enough space is for all student to respond with movements at same time using one gigantic blanket or sheet -Teacher states sentence and student respond by moving under the blanket as quickly as they can. -This activity gives studntet spractic with reading quickly to verbal cues with physical mvoemtns and udnerstinag meaning sof prepostions and prepositional phrases.

What is the conservation of resources theory?

The 2 principles of this are losing resources has disproportionally more impact than gaining them and people have to invest these to prevent losing them, recover from losing them and acquire additional of these.

What is the effect of experience on motor patterns?

The brain has plasticity as in both its structures and functions can be modified by various influences, such s behavioral training and other new learning. Neuroplasticity affords great promise for improving abilities in people with neurological damage or deficits and those wanting to enhance cognitive processing skills. It may also be noted that specific motor experiences determine place and character of plasticity in corticospinal system. Through explanation of Training in motor skills, endurance, and strength may be seen as acquired skilled movements which cause neural circuts in motor cortex to be reorganized to support producing and reining skilled movement sequences.

How can one promote good mental health?

The following are strategies recommend to care for selves that do this: - Doing things appealing got senses, Adopting a pet, Do creative meaningful work for pay or not, building things, playing musical instruments, stimulating creativity, prioritizing leisure time is not self indulgent, reading, watching movies, visiting or talking with friends or enjoying nature are necessary to mental and emotional health. -Meditating, praying, reviewing reasons for gratitude, watching sunrises and sunsets which are ways to take time to contemplate and appreciate life

What does the cardiopulmonary system do in regards to exercise?

The hearts right side receives blood from veins, when heart muscle contracts, it pumps blood from right ventricle, through pulmonary arteries to lungs. This blood has fresh oxygen in lungs from atmosphere air inhaled and releases CO2 into the Pulmonary capillaries. The freshly oxygenated blood travels through pulmonary veins to hearts left atrium to left ventricle. When left ventricle contacts it pumps blood through aorta, the largest artery to entire body. The differential between oxygen inhaled and exhaled is mature of oxygen consumption. Its VO2 Max equals maximal aerobic capacity, frequently regarded as indicating cardiorespiratory fitness and is defined as CV systems greatest ability to deliver oxygenated blood to working muscles as quick as body can product ATP to supply energy.

What is creative movement and dance? and What are its basic elements?

The words associated with this are interchangeable. as the human body is this art forms medium. -Body its parts and range of motion -Space -Time -Energy -Teachers may very these elements when teaching children by assigning variations in body part movement. The can assign spatial variations and energy variations.

What are fundamental movement skills?

These are significant to children motor developing influencing physical, cognitive and social growth -This is building block for games, dancing, sports and other PA as well as lifelong interest in , motivation for, participation in and enjoyment of active lifestyles -This has 3 categories: Locomotor, manipulative and stability, including rotation and balance

What is family life education?

This is includes din health and PE classes and is required for graduation or diplomas. For middl and high schools, health and PE core curriculum content standards in some states include content regarding human sexuality and relationships. -Education departments provide for parents who object to this content based on culture, religious or moral beliefs by incorporating policy that children may be excused for those parts of courses if parents furnish the schools with singed statement that this content conflicts with religious or moral beliefs -In this case schools provided excused students with alt. instructional content and activities that they determine are in alignment with states PE core curriculum content standards and local health ed curricula -Parents written statements must plain to school principal or administrators how content conflict with beliefs and once clarified, the student may be excused but must complete agreed upon assigned actives to meet core curriculum content standards for comp. health and PE

What is congruent feedback?

This is not onlyspeicific and not general in nature but also matches cues that PE teacher or coach has given student and athletes in advance of practicing or perfuming skill -THe teacher or coach should match this working to cue chatter than using different words to describe tit which make the feedback this with the cue -Another advantage of this is the ti not only remind ind., student of cue wheel providing positive reinforcement for correct technique but also serves as reminder for rest of class to team how have been given same cues -Sandwich approach involves first describing one thing student or athlete did will then identifying one thing to correct or improve and ending with another piece of positive feedback.

What are aerobic activity levels and what are the two kinds?

This is recommended at a moderate level for most ind. fitness plans to ad up to 150 minutes or 2.5 Horus per week. During these activities, it is said that one should be able to speak but unable to sing -This at a vigorous level is recommended for half that duration 75 min per week. During these actives it is said that one should be able to only utter few words before needing to paused for breath. -Either or may be combined or alternated during a weekly basis

What is martial arts?

This is standardized combat systems, practiced for various purposes including self defense competitions, entertainment, PF and physical,mtnal and spiritual development. -Unarmed forms are generally classified as using strikes, grappling or both -Western boxing uses punching strikes, kickboxing, taekwondo, savage and capoeira which also use kicking strikes -Karate, sanshou, and Muay Thai also use strikes -Judo, sambo and hapkido use throwing types of grappling. -Aikido, judo and jujitsu use chokehold, submission hold and joint lock types of grappling -Judo, sambo and wrestling use pinning techniques for grappling -Weapon based martial arts include historical European kobudo, silat, eskrikma, and kalaripayat, single weapon training marital arts styles like Japanese kendo, kenjutsu bouts and kyudo and modern martial arts and sports like fencing, singlestick, canoe de combat and archery

What is physical fitness and activity?

This is the ability to actively complete all of ones daily living tasks without becoming overly tired and still having enough energy to pursue leisure actives for enjoyment -=This should included both planned structured acidity and movements integrate into daily life as essential part -Regularly engaging in this and exercise are not only required for being athletic but for basic well being and health

What are the benefit of flexibility training?

This is the ability to move the body freely and encompasses 2 parts: 1.ROM: which is extent of direction and distance ones joints are able to move 2. Mobility: ability of muscles to move with restriction around joints -BY pursing this type of training one realizes the benefits including increasing ones ROM, decreasing ones risk for becoming injured during PA by increasing muscle pliability, less stiff and less prone to pulls, tears, ruptures, sprains etc. decreasing soreness of muscles following exercise by keeping muscles more relaxed and lesser and enhancing overall athletic performance by using less energy for body movement. *This not only improves sport performance but also facilitates activities of daily living*

What are manipulative or object control skills and what activities may a 5 year old do to improve their manipulative movement? Then a 5-12 year old?

This is the category of motor skills that involves using objects and includes both fine motoortpr skills and gross motor skills. The actions included in this first term type of skills include using, pulling, lifting, swimming, striking, m throwing, catching, kicking, rolling a ball, volleying, bouncing, and dribbling. *When teaching young children these types of skills one should not expect them to be perfectly accurate* -At the age of 5, children can develop throwing skills at home by trawling rolled socks into laundry papers or baskets and if successful may continue further by taking one step back from the basket and shooting from their new stance. Also while trying to knock objects off of higher based placement is also a great tool to be able to Practice the skills of throwing. Older children can practice throwing for accuracy or distance -Force back, Three country ball and scatter ball are all seen as great activity examples to do so.

What is nonverbal communication?

This is use din combination with verbal communication among both hearing and deaf people. -These include eye contact, facial expressions, body posture, physical gestures and contact by touch -Touch communicates not only people comfort levels and feelings but also personality characteristics -For hearing people, volume, tone and pitch of voices are additional components of this which expresses emotions not included in words and meanings *When people use sarcasm or irony, their tones contrast words makings* -Visually for both hearing and deaf people, clothes and home decor are further from sot this that influence other peoples judgments and perceptions.

What is positive interdependence? What are cooperative leaning groups?

This is when student perceive they cannot succeed unless heir gouger mates do and they must coordinate work with other members work to accomplish task. Students perceive that reciprocally, group mates work benefit them and their work benefits their group mates. -Students max learning of all small group members when collaboration by giving each other mutual encouragement and support, sharing resources and celebrating group success. -When students clary comprehend this they realize no member of group gets free ride as every members work is indispensable and necessary for group succession. They also understand that every member of tours has unique roles, responsibilities, and resources, therefore every member makes unique contribution to collective endeavor -In this all students are responsible for leaning assigned content and for assuring every member of group learns it

What is the IFFEPE?

This was created by the national association for sport and Physical. Ed and is was developed as a resource of a set of material sot help students by guiding PE teachers and other sin designing current, coherent, sequenced, integrated fitness es curriculum and instruction -Full or partial lesson from this can be incorporate in established PE curricula to meet grade level fitness content -These benchmarks enable measurement of values, knowledge and skills requisite to competence, development of courses or curricula or curricular inclusion of applicable domains. This content is holistic treating all areas a s important to include fitness ed and is designed for all students and allows educator plenty of creativity and instructional innovation fitness ed requires. -This can be used to identify desired fitness ed learning experience results and to tailor content to meet diverse student needs on program, state and local levels

How can one apply effective behavior management plans?

To prevent behavior problems and motivation students, PE teachers housed play school appropriate current, student friendly music -Students should comply more with clearer expectations and PE teachers should model everything they expect. -TO call on students, PE teachers housed se tup tracking system and try to alternate calling on female and male students -Over day or week PE teachers should sure each student has chance to respond -PE teachers should enlist students parents as allies and can do this by calling them early in school year and an staying in frequent communication being sure to talk about other students positive behaviors using very specific terms and objective descriptions to communicate concerns focusing not on student but behavior and always allowing time to talk down before contacting parents regarding undesirable behaviors.

What are intermediate movement themes for grades 4-7?

Traveling: moving into and out of balance and jumping with turns Weight Bearing: balancing while curling, stretching, twisting or otherwise changing body shapes, partners balances, counter tension, platform balance, and counter balance For relationship: Partner matching and copying, small group sequences and using partner as obstacle to move over and through

What are state educational standards?

Typical one of these in PE is for students to understand rules for variety of PA including games and sports -Benchmarks may also make an appearance within these games and sports which are used to track and asses students progress in not only PA itself but the game or activity being pursued as well as the possible increase in skills needed for these.

What is the relation between math and sports?

Weight trainers must count number of reps and set they complete and know the number of pounds they can lift or press -Runners must know distances in hunters of yards or miles and times in minute complete races or hours and minutes for marathons -High jumpers and pole vaulters must know feet and inches of height to clear while long jumpers must know distances they can jump -Shot putters, javelin throwers and discus throwers also need to know distances they throw their projectiles -All these apply not only to measurements but also previously set records that athletes seek to break or match -IN comp team sports, scores are ket using this as runs, error, averages and innings are counted in baseball, points and fouls marked, first downs and touchdowns earn points, number of yards gained are marked and measured by yard lines and time and overtime are counted -Strokes are counted in golf, points in tennis thus this is integral to most sports.

What are assessments based on the psychomotor, cognitive and affective domains?

When PE teacher assess student in the first domain, he/she measures student development of health related fitness and motor skills -When PE teacher assesses students in second domain, he/she measures student knowledge about movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics -When PE teacher assess students in third domain, he/she measures level at which each student has developed acceptable personal and social behaviors in PA settings

How can one communicate respectfully with parent?

When PE teachers post class rules and distribute them to students at beginning of every school year they should send copies of stress same rules home to parents as it is a good idea to include cover letter, politely asking parents to review class polices and rule sin order to ensure that children understand them and patrons are informed. With advantages of todays tech. it can be more effective to email these to parent rather than giving them to students. -IN their cover letter, PE teachers should also explain briefly but clearly to prints importance of students knowing all rules especially in PE class as if they do not student scan hurt themselves or others. -This is also good prep in event of students behavior problems, disputes, or injuries incoming parents *informed of rules in advance and cannot deny knowledge or accuse teachers of uninforming them*

What is solicited vs unsolicited feedback?

When athletes have internal of this external is unnecessary. -Solicited of this is more beneficial than unsolicited and students can improve skill sight comparatively little external of this requesting it less than 10 percent of time -Most request are early in learning new skills as athletes and students are more likely to want this with more technically difficult skills -Also external should not duplicate internal, it should fill need in absence of internal -When teachers and coaches develop good communication with students and athletes they should be able to tell whether or not they need this and students and athletes are more likely to request it wen needed -Because problem solving is part of learning, teacher sand coaches help most by giving this about sources of pertinent internal. -Early in practicing technique program of this has priority later when students and athletes have mastered basics parameter of this has priority -Letting students an athletes request this affords them more independent leaning and assures motivation to hear teacher or coach instruction

What is educational collaboration?

When educators use these students benefit form shared ownership of responsibility for student learning and vision of all education team members -Members share increased awareness and knowledge of each students needs and. of current intervention methods and teaching strategies -They also have great opportunities of mutual contact to monitor and modify student programs and for ongoing open communication lines -Through systematic approach all educators aim for common goals and all students s are instructed in same core competencies irrespective of ind. teachers -Even most hardworking and competent teachers working alone would lose such consistency and coordinate across classroom sand grades which for many students would make education system ineffective -School placements should benefit each student through individualized educational served and all stakeholder can achieve same educational goals if they dot his purposefully -Today educators, administration, support staff, student s and parents are expected to collab to ensure that all students receive meaningful educations -Grade level achievement is expected of all students at all developmental and ability levels -Teachers must promote all students growth most often in general ed settings as these expectations make school personnels collab more necessary than ever

What is leadership and team work?

When students play game or sport as team members rather than ind. team captain is often designated. -This means that this student must take responsibly for things like choosing team members, planning and organizing plays, developing tactics, providing motivation to team members, encouraging team solidarity and getting team members to cooperate, collaboration, and function as unit rather than collection of ind. -Learning to perform these duties successfully will develop student leadership skills -This is also an essential part in sports as the purposes and benefits of team sports include wining contests, attaining shared goals, preparing for jobs and wider society, learning to build confidence and manage emotions, learning about oneself and others, and surviving and flourishing in large classes and schools -Power of numbers enables teams to accomplish things ind. cannot -When team members conflict against one another team thus divided will more likely loose so supporting each other and working together enables team win and team members must accept they team roles , team itself , ground rules and individuality of teammates.

What are positive social interactions?

When younger children are first taught to play organized games with peers they must learn to follow rules, take turns, share, cooperation with others, and refrain from hitting , kicking, tilting, punching and other antisocial behaviors. *These are novel experiences to many youngsters* -The sturhure and rules of these are ideal contexts to teach them control of aggressive behavior and reinforce the pro social, unselfish, helpful and cooperative behaviors long children naturally display at times -By participating in games, sports, dance, older students learn not to reject, ignore, insult, tease, taunt, assault, or take advantage of peers; to offer helping hands when they need them, include peers with different backgrounds and abilities in PA, detect when and how to issue learner or follower roles and include, invite and help other students participate -When students improve PF they gain self esteem and physical well being that often discourages incompatible habits. -Spending time being PA leaves less unoccupied time for pursuits and give students availability to interact socially through sharing sports, games, and dance instead of substance abuse or other risky behaviors

What are formal vs informal assessments?

While assessment in PE often uses observation of student skill performance, it is not considered assessment unless some written record is made of observation. -When team games are played as part of PE game lay statistics teachers and coaches record are examples of using event recording techniques to collect student team performance data. -Game stats, wins and losses, fitness records, scores, skill assessment sand tower daily assessments or performance records are considered this type of assessment -Meanwhile checklist identifying specific behaviors/skills/performance characteristics according to established criteria are considered this type of assessment which enables quick evals with minimal writing -Rating scales are this and brief identifying degrees or extent o which students perform skills -Rubrics are this which establish multidimensional criteria for rating complex skills and behaviors

How do peer comparisons negatively affect others?

Younger Elementary school students frequently assume they are competent in all PA they perform. However in third and fourth grades they typically begin noticing some of their peers performing certain skills better than others which is where they begin judging their own physical competence by compare it to that of there peers -This negative outcome is reinforced by separating ind. students or groups by focusing everybody's attention on them , encoring perception that abilities are being judged by others -PE teachers can use strategy of having student practice in scattered formation and not waiting in lines to take turns also exploitng each student to audience, which makes students feel uncomfortable that others are judging them -Even with positive teacher feedback, students become embarrassed over performing unsuccessfully in front of other peers, damaging this. -Another strategy is to ask ind. students or hours in advance if they are comfortable demoing skill rather than surprising them

What Is assessment in special and adapted ed?

disabilities is this -This is the integration of measure attained via testing and is focused on indemnifying student Sind activity needs -This is also utilized for making placement and program planning decision -THe instruction provided for student with disabilities which enables them to participate with safety and success in PE classes depends on the foundation of this -It is rewired that local education agencies use multiple varied strategies and tools of this to collect pertinent info about student developmentally, functionally and academically including info from parents. -This info can help to determine whether student has disability and what should be contained in student sIEP including supports needed for general ed program success -Educators should Never use just on e of these to measure criterion to determine student disability or educational placement but should use multiple of these instruments and ones that are technically sound, valid and reliable -These should include relative contributions of cognitive and behavioral as well as physiological and developmental factors

What is PE vs PA?

his first term consist of instructional programs provided in safe, supportive environments that teach sequential, m developmentally appropriate knowledge, skills and confidence necessary for student to establish and maintain active lifestyles -PE teachers instruct student sin skills give students feedback to improve skills and evaluate knowledge, motor skills and social skills -PE should be provided daily in schools whenever possibly -This second term is any kind of body movement including sports, fitness and rec actives as well as daily life actives such as walking to and from school and other places -Student should engage in PA several times during each day -Research shows increasing evidence that PA is supportive of learning in addition to providing PE programs and classes, schools can provide other activities to incorporate physical movement through school day and to serve as transitions between actual PE classes and academic classes

What 3 components should comp. physical fitness programs incorporate?

- Aerobic exercise: to promote cardiovascular health,, endurance and to manage weight -Resistance training: decreasing risks for lower back injuries and pain, improves posture, builds strength and muscular endurance and manages weight Flexibility: Stretches muscles and moves joints, prevuing sore muscles, decreasing chances of injury and maintains/improves range of motion of joints and mobility of muscles

What is emotional and mental well being?

- PA improves mood with fewer symptoms fo anxiety and depression. -Walking programs increase positive mood and six moth resistance training programs have decreased anger, tension and confusion while elevating moods in participants. -Significantly lowered negative affect and stress perception on groups with PA in yoga, dance or lecture -There is correlation between increase leisure time PA and decrease symptoms of depression -4th grade hispanic children from low income families found that this and CVD increased while depression decreased when participating in aerobic intensity PA program.

What tactical cues can PE teacher give based on the game of volleyball?

- Start in rotational position, meaning setter in front one in back row with no overlapping -Serve ball, as the serve should use the assigned method, aim at open spaces and be prepared to move quickly -Transition to base defense meaning upon several players hold move from rotations position to base positions -Defend against attack, meaning players should watch ball, call it. and start sequence of passing

What are the principles of cardiorespiratory endurance?

- This type of fitness is considered most importance component of physical fitness a sit indicates effective functioning of hearts, lungs, and blood vessels. This type of tines lowers risk of CVD and it also reduce es body fat and raises energy. -It should be encouraged fro PE students to avoid CVD particularly if their families have a hosiery run relation to this disease. To lower the risk of this disease teachers should have students exercise aerobically continuously using large muscles to improve this type of fitness 3-5 days per week at 60-85% of max heart rate for 20-60 min continuously. *Two sides to heart, Right side supplies blood to lungs and left sends blood to different body systems. Vascular system provides body tissues with blood which carries oxygen and CO2 through blood stream*

What is social interaction and health care expenses?

-2 high school girls have free periods nat end of day and don't want to wait for bus so they decide to walk to one of their homes instead. During got 3 mile trip they enjoy conversing and interacting in outdoors more than on. noisy crowded bus -Boy in elementary school gets good grades but is socially introvert and lacks physical self confidence. HIs parents offer to enroll him in little league baseball. As he learned and succeeded he gain confidence, teammates applaud and encourage him and he makes new friends -Diabetic child mother is overprotective about exercise. School nurse and PE teacher collaborate with her on plan fo regular blood sugar testing during school day suitable exercise and appropriate snacks before and after exercising, As result her family doctor reduces Childs insulin dosage -PE teacher collaborate with dietitian and school nurse designs safe fitness programs for obese high schools student. With significant weight loss, his type 2 diabetes symptoms abate and he needs less medication and fewer doctor visits resulting in his parents health insurance co pays decreasing.

What is considered lower body muscular strength and endurance?

-Among the best exercises in this include squats and lunges. These strengthen the gluts, tensor fasciae late muscles, hamstrings along back Oleg, quads at front of thighs and gastrocnemius and soles muscles in calves. -By strengthening these, one can improve running speed, power, distance and stamina. -Variation of squatting and lunging is to perform these holding dumbbells in both hands to increase wight resistance

What are some safety practices to observe when exercising?

-Before beginning any kind of exercise program, one should discuss with healthcare provider to ensure types and amounts of exercise safe for individual health and learn whether they advise avoidance of particular actives because of specific health conditions and/or previous injury. -Then one should have consultation with personal trainer who can assess body comp and develop ind. training program targeting types of conditioning most needed and body parts needing controlling. -Warm up 10-15 min -perform stretches with all muscle groups and joints to increase flexibility and lower injury risk *One should not eat large meal before exercising but can eat small meal 2-3 hours before or snack 30-60 min before* -Drinking water before, during and after working out is essential

What are the 5 major components of physical fitness that are directly related to health?

-Cardiorespiratory endurance: The ability of the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) and respiratory system to supply muscles and rest of body with oxygen during continuing PA over time -Muscular Strength: Greatest amt. of force any given muscle can generate during single attemt -Muscular Endurance: How long given muscle is able to continue to perform movement anymore -Flexibility: Ability to move joints of body through full range of motion. -Health body comp.: Refers to ratio of lean muscle tissue to fatty tissue in body. Amt. of muscle should be greater in proportion to act. of fat, though there should be at least enough fat to enable normal body functions

What are some types of music in dance?

-Classical ballet commonly employs classical music and most classical compositions were written expressive for purpose of accompanying ballets. -In ballroom dance, the viennese walls was/is traditionally performed to waltzes by classical viennese composers, however today creative choreographers also use diverse contemporary music in 3/4 time. -Latin ballroom dances traditionally used music specifically for each dance, but other music may be used with approbate tempi and rhythms. -Jazz and tap dances often been choreographed for Broadway show tunes but can use any compatible music. -Contemporary dance choreography frequently interprets song lyrics or expresses lyrical or evocative music -Hip hop music often accompanies hip hop dance.

What are some stress management techniques?

-Cut back: when overextended, examine duties and delegate, eliminate or limit some -Prepare: set realistic goals for major or minor tasks, improve scheduling, allow time for unexpected events like traffic gams, car trouble, minor medical emergencies, extra work to prevent this from accumulating -Reach out: revisit lapsed relationships, form new ones, volunteer,. Surrounding oneself with supportive friends, relatives, colleagues and spiritual leaders enhances psychological well being boosting capacity for coping with this -Hobbies: enjoyable actives that do not stimulate competitiveness or anxiety are soothing. These vary ind. as some choices include crafts, music , reading, dance classes, gardening, woodworking and carpentry, electronics, fishing, sailing -Relaxation techniques: these include mediation, yoga, massage therapy,.Technique selected is less important than increasing body awareness and refocusing attention onto calmness. - Adequate sleep: lack of sleep exacerbates stress. Insufficient sleep imparts judgement and immune system. Sleep deprived ind. more prone to overreacting to minor irritants. -Many of us require 8 Horus of sleep nightly, Interrupted or irregular sleep impedes REM sleep, dreaming and deep sleep enabling physical and neurological repairs -Professional help: if these techniques are insufficient, see physician before uncontrolled ongoing of this causes health problems

What are biomechanics concepts and principles?

-Force motion states that when we produce or change movement, unbalanced forces act on our bodies or objects we manipulate. -Force-time states that substantial changes in motion are produced over time not immediately -Inertia definesProperty that all objects have of resisting change in state of motion -ROM is overall extent of motion person uses in movement describe through angular or linear movement of body parts -Balance is ind. capacity for controlling his/her body position in relation to based of support -Coordination continuum means goal or purpose of movement determines most effective timing of segmental movements or muscle actions. -Segmental interaction means forces operating in system of rigid lined bodies are transferable through joints and tendons -Optimal projection means there is a best range of angles of projection for given goals or purposes in most human throwing and propelling of projectiles

What is enhancing perceived physical competence?

-Give student enough time to practice: as example, teachers can specify certain length of time to work on skills not requiring them to complete certain number of trials during this time. This allows them to concentrate on performing skills correctly rather than focusing on performance actions with enough time without perfecting technique. Teachers can reduce off task student behavior by changing or varying actives assigned -Give student sportive, specific instructional feedback: Teachers can make it easier for student tot are on challenges and risks of error for failing by communication relevant, meaningful, task specific nada technique specific instruction feedback to students.

What is enjoyment and challenge?

-High school boy never interest in traditional intramural and team sports offered in PE classes sees brochure on kayaking and decides to enroll in lesson st at local outdoor adventure training company. He finds navigating rapids thrilling and enjoys interacting with nature -Some low income urban kindergarteners have done unstructured running jumping and played simple games but Neve leaned any physical active games with rules. Their teacher introduces them tho variety of games where they must walk, urn, change direction, link arms, jump, tumble, do ext., throw, bowl and fetch balls, touching etc., following teacher direction and rules in which they enjoy these new experiences -Middle school girl can only do a few sit ups. Her PE teacher assignees 30 to alternating pairs. While spotting her partner, she sees effort ton face with each sit up and is inspired to complete all 30 during her turn. -High school student has run 500 yd dashes but never marathon and doubts ability. Her PE teacher encourages her. After drawing regularly for 3 moths she successfully completes full 26 m mile race

What is the hierarchy of neural systems?

-Many areas of Brian are included in high-test level of motor control hierarchy. Command neurons in this level formulate intention to move body and parts. This message is then sent to middle level in cerebral cortex sensorimotor cortex, subcortical nuclei basal ganglia, cerebellum and brainstem. -The middle level uses complex data to produce motor program which defines info necessary for performing activity as it sends program info along descending pathways originating in the sensorimotor cortex and brain stem to lowest hierarchy level. -The lowest hierarchy level includes the motto nears and interneurons. These monitor and update movement. *Repeating movement allows middle level to supply more accurate info requiring fewer corrections and enabling learning.*

What do curriculum modifications include?

-Multilevel sélections for different learning objectives in same domain -Objectives for different domains overlapping in same activity -Different alt. activities -Part 1: includes modifying tasks and equipment Part 2: includes cooperative learning, class wide peer tutoring, teaching locomotor skills Part 3: includes pull out activities, concurrent multiple actives and pocket reference IEP objectives and RPE modifications, arrangements and actives

What are the fundamental processes of life?

-Organization: labor is divided at every level of life, each part cooperatively perfuming its function. Loss of this causes death even to single cell -MEtabolism: all chemical reactions in body, braking down substances to simpler components and releasing energy -Responsiveness: also known as irritability, detecting changes in external and internal enviomrents and reacting to them, sensing and responding to stimuli -Movement: At cellular level, molecules move among locations. Blood moves among body parts in circulatory system. Our muscles produce movement through contractility -Reproduction: Specifically transmitting life across generations by creating new organisms. Generally, cellular reproduction means new cell formation to repair or replace old cells and affect growth -Differentiation: How unspecialized class developmentally become specialized, with distinct structures and functions into tissues and organs -Respiration: How oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells and environment including ventilation, diffusion's and transport in blood -Digestion: Breaking down foods into simple molecules for absorption and use -Excretion: removal from body of digestive and metabolic waste products

What is an example experimental research study?

-PA across curriculum was intervention to curtain weight gain, overweight and obesity and promote PA in elementary school children -Investigators. used cluster randomized selection of student to treatment and control groups in 3 year long study of second and third graders whom they followed to fourth and fifth grades -Intervention invoelt 90 min weekly Pa academic lessons with moderate to vigorous intensity given by classroom teachers -Experimenters found that receiving 75 min or more of PAAC caused significantly less increase in children's body mass indexes compared to schools receiving less than 75 min weekly of PAAC -Additional results included that schools with 90 min intervention had significant improvements in acts of daily PA and their scores on test of academic achievement -PAAC approach could promote childrens daily PA and academic achievement while prevuing excessive weight gain

How may a teacher keep Classe s tuning smoothly?

-Pe teachers must involved how to give students directions as teachers should make sure that before telling student what to do they tell them when to do it -TO keep instructional cues consist teachers can use rule of threes or the 80/20 rule in teaching the class concept until 80 percent of students understand it and during the subsequent learning experience the other 20 percent will figure it out through doin git -PE teacher should also not talk as much when teaching as they should use pari and share strategies and questioning techniques to give students opportunities to talk with one another

What are the 6 elements of effective communication?

-Present info in a CLEAR way -be CONCISE, not obscuring message eight long winded speeches -Give CORRECT info and do not mislead athletes -Give COMPLETE info not just parts -Be COURTEOUS, non treating and polite so as not to instigate conflicts -Be CONSTRUCTIVE, present info positively not negatively or critically -Giving info in positive way is more effective for encouraging athletes to make changes -TO give athletes corrections in techniques and actions, coaches soul waylay lead with positive comment -Recommendations for coaches include developing their verbal and nonverbal communication skills, giving positive feedback in coaching sessions, giving equal attention to every athlete, communicating consistently with athlete learning and thinking styles and listening to athletes as well as talking to them

What is Nonverbal communication and what are the 5 EQ skills that help to develop it?

-Quick stress control -Emotional recognition and management -Nonverbal communication for creating to others -Using play and humor to persevere relationships under stress -Confidence and positive in resolving conflicts -TO interact will with others these can be more important tan words which includes body posture, muscle tension, physical gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, vocal tone. -These convey interest or disinterest., trust or mistrust, excitement or apathy, confidence fear, clarity or confusion and connection or disconnection -This requires both conveying what is intended and reading other subtle signals. -To improve this attend to other s rather retain planning what to say next, thinking about other things, or daydreaming so not to miss cues. Make eye contact to gauge others and maintain conversational flow and convey interest -Attend to these you are sending and receiving such as place, timing and rhythm off conversation *IF what is said does not reflect what is felt, body will contradict words*

What is conflict resolution and what are the 5 EQ skills involved with this?

-Quickly decreasing stress -Identifying and managing feelings -Effective nonverbal communication -Using playfulness and humor to dissipate stress in interactions -Resolving these positively and confidently -This is inevitable but when constructively managed it can promote relationship safety, trust, freedom and creativity. -When these are not viewed as punitive or treating but managed positively to build trust they can strengthen relationships -This skill is informed by previous four: stress management, emotional awareness, nonverbal communication and playfulness and humor facilitate skillful handling and defusing of emotionally charge interactions -Too develop positive, trust budding skills focused present and acknowledge current relative as opportunity to resolve old reaction to these that than clinging to old resentments and wounds -Regarding arguments, pick battles, arguing particularly toward positive resolutions, uses entry and time. Decide whether issue is worth or not worth arguing over -Forgiveness is also necessary as we must let go of desires for revenge or punishment fo other past hurtful actions to resolve these. *Even when these cannot be resolved, continuation of this takes two people, although disagreeing you can end this by disengaging from it*

What is playful communication and what are the 5 EQ skills involved with this?

-Rapid stress reduction during interactions -Knowing and regulating feelings -Interacting with others through nonverbal communication -Managing stressed interaction through humor and play -Confident positive conflict resolution -Being able to laugh and make others laugh can relieve stress, improve mood, rebalance onerous systems, lighten mental loads, place things in perspective and increase EQ. This enables us to take setbacks in strides -Gentle humor enables communication messages that could otherwise offend, anger or provoke defensiveness in others -Humor also soothe interpersonal differences -BY doing this it both energizes and relaxes simultaneously alleviating fatigue and dissipating physical tension. Moreover loosens rigid thinking, enabling creativity and new perspective -TO develop this it is recommended practicing by interacting often with outgoing people, playing with young children, babies, and animals, discovering actives enjoyed that access these qualities and loosen one up and is seen said to set time aside for regularly joking and laughing.

What are the 5 steps in a learning experience involving traveling into and out of balance? To refine?

-Run and jump onto vaulting surface -Run planing hand son apparatus and land on same spot -Repeat 2 but add roll upon leaning, practice roll progressions for backward safety roll -Change relationship of feet while perfuming various vaults into air, move into balance -Hold balance then move into another one -Move into balance -Take off with feet and raise hips as high as possible -Use curved surface area, tuck tightly -Spread cross or bend knees -Make sequence parts flow

What is history of aerobic dance?

-Some people with great muscular strength still performed poorly at endurance sports like long distance running, swimming and biking -Ability to utilize oxygen in sustained performance and differentiate this capacity from strength and flexibility -Exercise videos using this techniques in 1982 made this super popular -Today many community centers offer these types of classes with goal of enhancing all fitness elements these exercises Dan classes combine rhythmic dance like movements raising heart and respiratory rates with strength training and stretching typically to music with strong beat. -Classes separated by complexity and intensity level according to experience. and are led by certified instructors with various specialty areas

What are some validity and assessment instruments?

-Statistical validity: means instrument measures what it claims and is intended to measure -Some types of validity include external, internal, content, construct face, and criterion -External: includes pop. validity and ecological validity -Pop.: whether sample pop accurate represents whole pop and whether acceptable sampling methodology is used Ecological: whether testing environment or process affects behavior Internal: How strong casual relationships between variables can be established as opposed to only correlation Content: how well Marie represents all aspects of construct measured Construct: Includes convergent and divergent of this Convergent: Shows constructs expected to be related are related Divergent: Shows constructs expected to be unrelated or are unrelated *Study or instrument with both has high construct validity* Face: general common sense, non objective, non quantified evaluation based on experience and judgment Criterion: Whether instrument reflects specific group of abilities and includes concurrent and predictive validity Concurrent: Compares instrument to established measure and predictive validity test it over time

How can one improve perceived physical competence?

-Stress personal improvement. PE teachers can instruct student to determine fitness or activity baselines by counting number o time s they an make chest pass or bounce pass against wall, and encourage them to establish personal halos prepaying these actions to match or excel baseline numbers -Group students rapidly. If PE teachers quickly group students, they prevent students for comparing peers to choose teams. Teachers can instruct student to move through space randomly and upon hearing specified number of teacher whilst blows, move into groups with other students in the nearest proximity to them. This avoids comparison of students unfavorably to others which impedes this. -Ask students permission in advance to demo skills. When PE teacher observes student performing technique correctly, he or she should ask student first whether he or she is willing to demo for class instead of unexpectedly telling student to demo. Putting student on the spot is more stressful, offering student choice and prep better enables developing perceived physical competence

What is the relation of fitness testing to cardiorespiratory endurance?

-Students must understand significance of health related fitness as for students to achieve these goals they must acquire knowledge about health related fitness components in which a valuable component. To do so , students must understand the learning process of assessment in these components. -It may be said that purposeful measurement is a necessary part of quality PE, and fitness education is a component of PE curriculum conforming to exercise physical. standards. -Assessment and measurement should be integrated with instruction, and educators should develop plans for applying ind. student fitness data to inform instruction. -This type of endurance can be tested in elementary schools using mile or half mile run for example the PACER test. *Baseline and subsequent data enable monitoring student progress*

What are overall model content standards?

-Students show knowledgeable competency regarding motor skills, movement parers and strategies necessary for performing various PA -Students show knowledge of fitness concepts, principles and strategies and attain le eels of PF enabling performance and health -Student shows they know psychological and sociology concepts, principles and strategies applicable to learning and executing PA -This education department ahas 5 model content standards for elementary and middle school PE -FOr elementary, it is emphasized that movement rhtpugh time and space ind. and with partners, movement continuity and change and object manipulation with speed and accuracy through time and space are of most importance -FOr middle school, it emphasizes decision making, meeting challenges, problem solving, teamwork and cooperative goal achievement -Instructional and learning are necessary in grades k-5 for developmental appropriateness while consolidated and refined in grades 6-8 -Rationale Is that high school students cable of higher order cognition and more sophisticated skill performance can integrate cumulative knowledge and skills hanse 5 earlier standards are combined into 3 high school standards reflecting high school PE culmination of PE in earlier grades

How can one improve overall physical fitness?

-Students who have been inactive that want to lose weight and/or become more physically fit should be counseled to moderate eagerness to obtain results quickly or strain on muscles will be present and their bodies will become overworked. -This type of student must be warned not to begin at high intensity or repeat initial workouts obsessively and should condition before hand. In practicing continuous workout at a high intensity, this may cause injury, derailing fitness effort early. -Students must be taught to begin slowly, paying attention to bodies feedback as when they feel ready they can increase intensity, speed, reps and durations gradually a little at a time -Incorrect form is also a hazard for inexperienced exercisers and they should begin working out in front of mirror sot observed and modify body positions as needed. -Teachers and trainers can help correct form just as students should determine proper form before increasing speed of reps -One should also not overly focus on body parts as one may think exercises to tone and build specific muscles will give them desired appearance, however regular exercise combined with healthy nutrition will more effective shape their body overall.

What are some weight management strategies? And how can one maintain current weight?

-The healthiest diets involve balance rather then completely eliminating foods enjoyed -To do this one can induce in fattening food but less often -One may also enjoy eating foods in smaller portions -This has the benefits of preventing many chronic diseases as well as minimizing need for future of this. -Another strategy is comfort food makeovers -Number of calories needed to maintain weight varies individually. -Muscle tissue burns more calories than fatty tissue even at rest, thus some people have higher basal metabolisms than others as the people can afford to consume more calories without gaining weight -More PA people burn more calories and can eat more than sedentary people -To do this it is useful for people to weight themselves regularly.

What is cognitive development and what are some influencing factors?

-These types of factors can be divided into 2 main categories: biological and environmental. -Among biological facts, the sense organs influence this by receiving environmental stimuli. Developed correctly, the sense organs receive stimuli correctly, enabling children to form correct sensory concepts. If defective, sense organs will gather defective stimuli, causing incorrect concept formation and imperfect cognitive development. Intelligence is another biological factor directly affecting rate and extent of cognitive development. Heredity from parents influences cognitive development. Motor and mental maturation also facilitate children interaction with environment influencing this . -Environmental factors include learning opportunities whose quality influences this. Economic status provides more learning opportunities and better instruction, lower status allows fewer opportunities and proper trending. Play is another environmental factor enabling interaction with and reposed to environmental stimuli., enabling knowledge acquisitions, pretend play develops symbolism and imagination, various actives help form imagery and connections, contributing to cognitive development. Family and society are environmental influences providing intellectual stimulation examples and interactions.

What is the difference between traditional assessment approaches and alternative assessment approaches?

-This first approach involves teachers generated written tests and worksheets including: -Selected response formats with questions or items giving alternative form which students select responses (Multiple choice, true/false, matching tests/worksheets) -Limited open ended doormats wherein questions or times require brief written constructed responses (Open response, short answer, diagram labeling and fill-in the blanks) -This second approach involves student products including: -Audiovisual made to display or exhibit (Artwork, concept maps, posters, banners photo exhibits, powerpoint, videos, audio recording and sculptures or models) -Written (Research papers, shorties, essays, poems, journals, logs, perusal fitness plans, checklists, rating scales, ads, teacher, peer or self rubrics, performance records, projects, pre assessment inventories, student surveys, interviews) -Performance tasks (Physical or cognitive behaviors, officiating me, playin game, conducting fitness assessments, giving oral reports, teaching lessons, showcases, debates, skits, role plays, locomotor, gymnastics or dance movement sequences, warm up routines)

What are the principles of progression and exercise science?

-This first prince means one must progress at certain ind. rate to get results. While people must push past their comfort zones to improve, pressings oneself overlay hard negates natural progression and can cause injury. Appropriate exercise routine is a science inclusive of a formula determining how one should push oneself. This principle with the principle of overlaid balance delicately as progression indicates specific times of being unready fro overlaid or benefiting from it -THis second term, also known as the Principe of use and disuse means one must use muscles to sustain muscular strength. When we do not practice sport we want to improve in or use muscles we want to develop, we lose skills and strength. Anytime exercise is stopped or less and we notice results are no longer seen, this is evidence of this principle. With disuse muscle close definition, and the body compensates for lack of practice, also known as the reversibility principle

What is the difference between muscular strength and endurance?

-This first term equals how much force one can produce within an effort -While this second term equals how many times one can repeat movement before muscles become fatigued. -People can develop these two terms through strength training, by both executing many reps of the same action, gradually increasing # of reps and also gradually increasing amt. of weight ore resistance used. *These two may be built in all muscle groups or specific muscles/ groups of body*

What is the station approach vs the embedded assessment?

-This first term involves a teacher setting up circuit with several of these assigning student sot ind. of these, some of these involve mini games and some motor skill practice, some exercising and a testing one where teachers assess student skills -IN this second term teachers instruct and assess simultaneously evaluating student slanting while practicing skills through periodic progress monitoring or end of unit summative of these.

What is kinesthesis and Equilibriu,?

-This first term is the sense of the body parts positions and movements. Muscles, tendons and joints contain receportrs enabling kinesthesis. We know where all our body parts are at any time and in what manner and direction they are moving, through this. -This second term is our sense of balance, and gives us the info regarding where our bodies are in space. The vestibular system in the inner ear is the sensory system that provides this. Specifically the three semicircular canals contain fluid. Whenever our heads move, this fluid moves along with the head and through the movement of this fluid it stimulates hair cells/cillia in the semicircular canals. IN which these receptors sends impulses to brain via nerves as the brain then interprets impulses to understand movement giving us feedback about it. Brains interpret combined feedback from these two terms for orientation of ourselves in space.

What are the principle of overland and individual differences?

-This first term means body only respond beyond its normal level if new stimuli or additional pressures are introduced. Stopping within comfort zones maintains current skill levels but brings no improvement. This is one reason exercise science professionals are helpful as they can push and motivate clients to work past their comfort zones. -This second term means not everybody will attain same results form same training programs and levels. Every individual has different body chemistry some must work herder than others for same realists. Another aspect of this is that some people are more predisposed to succeed in certain sports or workouts than others who are in turn more predisposed to other actives. This principle indicated the importance of personal training, as ind. must tailor their exercise programs for meeting goals at their own paces.

What are some benefits of dance activities?

-This increases aerobic fitness, cardio pulmonary and cardiovascular fitness, endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, muscle tone and motor fitness. It also strengthen bones through bearing weigh tanned decreases risk of osteoporosis. It aids in managing health y weight and improves persons flexibility,, agility and coordination. It enhances spatial awareness, balance and sense e of direction. -People who learn to do this enjoy greater physical self confidence, overall self confidence and self esteem -this improves social skills, mental functioning , and promotes better well being

What is center of gravity?

-This is the point at which single force of magnitude meaning weight of system ofr body would have to be applied to rigid system or body in order to achieve exact balance of rotational translation effect of gravitational force acting on parts of system or body. -Although there is minuscule difference between center of gravity and center of mass, they can be considered same for all practical applications. There fore center of mass=Synonym for center of gravity, however center of pressure is not synonym -In term of center of pressure and the human body, its center of gravity is not fixed at any certain location in anatomy. *The location of human body center go gravity changes in accordance with position of the various body parts*

What are Piagets stages of cognitive development?

-This man described the stages of life as infants in the sensorimotor stage where they perceive the world through received sensory stimuli and response and interact through motor actives. They learn to repeat chance actions to reproduce results, eventually developing intentional actives. In this stage they develop object permanency and form schemata or mental concepts about environment. -Toddlers and preschoolers may be seen in the preoperational stage as they think intuitively, not logically with animistic and magical thinking. They are egocentric, unable to see things from others perceive literally and physically and figuratively/mentally. They concentrate on one aspect of situation at a time and cannot reverse operations or conserve quantities. The shape, arrangement or contact of quantity influences their perception of its amount. -Middle children may be seen put into the concrete operations stage where they develop ability to perform logical mental operations but only with concrete objects or events. They can reverse operations, categorize items and conserve quantities of liquids. solids and numbers regardless of context. -Pre adolescents, adolescents, and adults may be seen in the formal operations stage where they can perform mental operations with abstract concepts without concrete objects or events, understand intangible ideas like liberty , and accept multiple alternatives, possibilities, consequences and ambiguities.

What are some reliability and assessment instruments?

-This means an instrument gets same or similar results across repeated administrations. -Some types of this include test-retest, interrupter, internal consistency and instrument -Test retest: shows test stability when administered repeatedly to same subjects. SURveys and IQ tests are good test resets choices as ind. rarely have sudden pronounced changes in opinions or IQs within few months. Educational tests are less applicable as students learn more over time and will score higher on second administration Interrater: This quantifies amount of agreement between 2 or among several observers or test administrators. This is important in any research requiring different ind. to make qualitative ratings Internal consistency: whether different items measuring same construct within test gives same results or scores Instruction;metn: Whether equipment is calibrate to yield same measurements every time or whether instrument is statistically Abel over time

What is an appropriate PE curriculum and what are some appropriate practices fostering affective development?

-This type of curriculum enhances all students physical, motor, cognitive and affective fitness by balancing concepts, skills, games, educational gymnastics and rhythm and dance experiences with observable sequence and scope determined by goals and objectives appropriate for all students. -Practices used in furthering development in this area include purposely designing and implementing activity through school year, enabling students to collaborate, cooperative and develop emerging social skills and positive self concepts, as well as helping every student feel and appreciate joy and satisfaction from participating regularly in PA.

What is an inappropriate PE curriculum and what are some inappropriate practices fostering affective development?

-This type of curriculum is based on teacher backgrounds, preferences and interests mainly playing large group or whole class games without developed learning goals and objectives. -These types of practices included teacher exclusion of actives that help students develop social skills and overlooking opportunities to help children understand emotions they experience from PE participation.

What are Biomechanical principles?

-Using these correctly ensures safety. For ex. lunges with knee aligned over Anke=safe, lunges extending knee past ankle = mechanically incorrect and unsafe. -These types of changes inform ineffective, inefficient or unsafe movements. Some examples of these types of moments include: movement pattern changes, indicating fatigue and compensation with other body parts. body weight shifts indicating fatigue or excessive difficulty, forward body flexion indicating fatigue preventing muscles from overcoming gravitational pull and flexed ore bent joints shortening muscles to be ineffective and inefficient also indicating fatigued working muscles. -According to force length curve, muscles generate e greatest force when slightly stretched or just past resting length -To choose safe, effective and efficient exercises, incorporate natural movement patterns, repeat the same movements during and between lessons, design lessons and programs in logical sequence or increment, minimize degree of freedom, minimize intersegmental coordination, select bilateral exercises for equal opposite workloads, distribute forces evenly across body to minimize impact point and finally apply forces horizontally or parallel not vertically or downwards to body.

What are an assessments requirements?

-Validity by measuring quantities, skills, behaviors or performance it is designed and purports to mesure -Reliability, by yielding same results form measuring same students over multiple administration at different times -Objectivity, by yielding very similar results regardless of who administers it -Feasibility, by being straight forward inexpensive to obtains not taking excessive instruction time, being easy to set up and administer, having instructions who are easy to follow and make reasonable demands on students and administrators and able to be scored without influencing its objectivity -Usefulness, by having results that can be applied for progress reporting, program planning, self assessment and other valid educational uses

What are the learning objectives of biomechanics principles?

-When PE teachers instruct student to apply these, student learns to produce and control force in ways that make movements safer and more effective. -On topic of effects upon objects, PE teachers can instruct students in applying concept of force relative too how objects move in space -Learning objectives could include calculation and showing how the movements of projectiles are affected by application of force, explaining and demonstrating how absorbing force increase control over objects in sports activities, and explaining/demonstrating how efficient movement reduces likelihood of injuries during various sports activities. -On the topic of balance, PE teachers can instruct students in analyzing concept off balance through complex movement patterns. A general learning objective could be for students to expel how center of gravity affects balance and performance during various movement activities.

What is considered safety for cardiorespiratory endurance?

-When exercising to develop greater this, students need not engage in strenuous activity. -Teachers should star them slowly doing actives they enjoy while supervising them in gradual increasing the intensity of pace. Activites to improve this should elevate heart rate for extended duration of time but at safe level. -Sweating during exercise depletes body of fluid and electrolytes, which can disrupt heart rhythms, so hydration and rehydration are paramount. -Important to pay attention to heat index when exercising outdoors and modify workouts accordingly as humidity makes temp higher and prevents perspiration from evaporation which keeps bodies from cooling off effectively and can result in overheating.

What is good sportsmanship?

-When students learn to play ind. and team comp sports, the meaning of competition is better construed as striving for excellence than exhibit adversary hostility. -WHIle individualists American culture spaces great emphasis on comp. in contrast to cultures emphasis on cooperation, American sports also emphasize this and fair play. -In this spirit, student should view other teams and ind. comp. as worthy opponents rather than enemies and the object of play as challenge to exceed opponents strategies and perforce rather than mission to destroy them or bound them to ground -This including being a good winner by respecting opponents effort and acknowledging comp. they offer and being a. good loser by giving winners credit served for superior strategy and performance -Consideration promotes mutual respect and enabling healthy comp. rather than antisocial or destructive behavior. Another element of sportsmanlike conduct is helping others as supporting teammates teach student to be supportive in friendships, workplace, family and relationships

What are the 10 points to safety and efficacy for strength training?

1. Never hold breath, this can cause lightheadedness, dizziness and fainting 2. Never lock elbows, knees or other joints as this produces tremendous stress and can cause injury 3. When lifting barbells always use bar collars 4. Concentrate on lifting and lowering weight slowly with control to max effectiveness and prevent injury 5. When using free wight, always have spotter to help prevent injury and with using correct form 6. When using free weight, always keep both hands at equal distances form middle of bar. Unequal distances can stress and injure one side of body 7. Never overlay bend or twist spine, this can cause lower back problems and injury 8. While using weight standing up, always keep knees slightly bent to prevent undue stress on lower back 9.WHen doing leg exercises with weights ore resistance, always keep knees in alignment with toes to avoid leg injury 10. Always replace weights so others will not trip over them. Always place weight son correct racks so other do not mistakenly pick up wrong weights

What are ind. and dual activies?

A PE teacher can use these to help high school student attend to feedback they get both from own proprioception and form totter students and to analyze this and apply it to improve performance of complex movements -To help students achieve and demo independent learning of movement skills, teacher offers student choice of movement skills and instructs student sot research choose skills correct tecnhnique and develop learning cues for pracitng it -Student must then decide which kind of practice is best for skill and write and implement own plans for practice

How can one develop productive relationships?

According to NBPTS effective PE teachers realize critical roles in extended learning communities hence that their responsibilities transcend classrooms to encompass schools and local communities as well as students -They work with colleagues form different disciplines, generation more profound insights of learning goal and objectives in each subject area to make instructional programs stronger -They collab closely with school administrations, students families, and members of community -Good PE teachers actively initiate and support cooperative interactions and relationships with colleagues within PE departments and across curriculum in school sand school districts, reciprocally contributing and appreciation benefits they receive -Work collab to enhance own and other teaching practices and help design curricula that significantly connects higher order cognitive skills required in all school subjects -They support learning objects not only in PE but in other subjects and mentor other teachers and learn from them both inviting and offering observation and feedback

What is expected communication and interaction?

According to PE standards of National Board for Prof teaching standards, one standard il sot create environment of respect and rapport. -This board states that to establish such environment exemplary PE teachers carefully select what they say and do to gain this with students and develop understating with them to enable and maintain learning environments seen as productive and without bullying. -PE teachers should engage in students as partners in learning through making decisions collaboration, inviting them to participate in establishing policies, procedures and rules and are expected to sensitive to how they set their tones with students and to model behaviors for them that are constructive and positive. -THe NBPTS also describes that good PE teachers use two way of this with stunting as doing so accomplishes dual purposes of showing that they blank their students ideas and feelings and showing students reciprocally that the teachers also expect students to be equally considerate of them. -This PE standard for creation this type of learning environment also requires that PE teachers involve student sin dialogue on ongoing basis. This is for the purpose of giving students motivation for helping to sustain learning environments that welcome all students and of furthering this type of sudden behavior -This standard also dictates that PE teachers regularly performing the s action to their students about their expectations as expecting students to perform to level of capacities not only promotes student achievement but also is another way of doing this in terms of the students and their abilities.

What is Explaining and demonstrating?

According to SPARK website, PE teachers and coaches have roles during practice of giving students instruction and feedback, monitoring ind. student and team performance, giving student motivation, support and encouragement, assuring student safety and mangling space, time and equipment involved -To be effective, teachers and coaches should be responsible in character, patient, good listener,s trustworthy, encouraging and inspiring to students -TO optimize student learning, teachers and coaches using designed practice plans should follow them in sequence written and consult plans and any associated content cards or notes regularly for info -TO support timely player set up, teachers and coaches should read each task ad or component of practice session and should show and tell the movements or actions physically to communicate them -To give players mental advantage, give them think about *80/20 rule means although 100 percent of studnets learn or understand by doing or practicing skill, 80 percent grasp concept thorough teacher or coach instruction or demo, while other 20 percent will understand through doing* -Teachers and coaching also teach fair play, etiquette and rules in sports

What is competition and achievement?

As children grown they are exposed both in and out of school they will be exposed to games and experiences which may be considered this. And soon enough will learn to play games and sports in PE classes that are considered this -While these themes pervade both Ind. and team actives, when students begin learning team sports the inherent object is for one team to win by scoring more points than the other -While some students may already have meant personal best goals if they find all their peers exceed them in certain activities, this can motivate them to increase standers and efforts accordingly

What are the benefits of professional development?

As example of applying this to provide student with relevant leaning experiences -PE teacher who has research and choreographed dance piece might perform this work in formal venues as well as teach this to students capable of learning it in classes -Successful PE teachers acquire new knowledge through PD and then implement what they have learned in instruction, in addition to improving what and how they teach and what and how their students learn, they also use increased knowledge to promote PE discipline -They moreover make use of professional growth by developing professional networks through which they share their experiences, knowledge and skills -They also utilize these networks to establish new connections with educators in a variety of settings such as professors at local and state colleges and university, institutions and in other states and international universities, graduate students at local teaching colleges preparing to teach PE and exercise science specialists and others -To benefit students effective PE teacher productively enrich skills and knowledge in communities by applying own political and social judgment and insight

How do diverse cultures relate to PA?

Asian cultures often have holistic view of PA and sports as they value connection between mind and body and practice various sports and disciplines to develop spiritual awareness as well as physical skills. -PE teachers should realize that asian student's previously accustomed to tradition may view playing sports or game sin PE for fun as irrelevant and spiritually unsatisfying, view playing them for aggressive competition as against values of cooperation and group harm only and view competing in sports for ind attention and fame as inappropriate. -American cultural groups also view PA and fitness differently as among various sub cults in America, different body types may be considered ideal or acceptable

What are some current opportunities for those with disabilities? What are some sports for those with disabilities?

Associations and organization in the world devotee dot accommodating athlete with these have grown markedly from 1970s till now. Man of these are international groups as people with these in some nations also have more opportunities now than in past for participating in PE, in school, community associations, clubs and Casula rec. actives in the area of comp. sports, opportunities include disability specific and sport specific world championships, and other regional tournaments featuring multiple sports, in addition to the special olympics. Additional some athletes with disabilities compete against non disabled athletes in some mainstream comp. Internationally 18 or more games now exist for athletes with these. Special olympics: Biggest inert nation comp. which offers year round opportunity for training and comp. to people with intellectual disabilities at every level Paralympic Games: includes intellectual disabilities Deaflympics: offers competitions for the deaf or hard of hearing -Quality of life and function abilities are improved for people with these by participating in sports and other PA. The physical well being and health re enhanced across these gorse by participant in PA and sports. General affect as well as PF are seen to improve through sports and PA in psychiatric patients diagnose with anxiety and depressive disorders. There are also correlations between physical and sports activity and increased self esteem, social awareness and self confidence in people with these which can contribute to their empowerment. It has also been a major focus to include those people with these into mainstream media and sports which has resulted in many new opportunities for them to compete or participate. The participation in this sport also contributes on global scale to national identity and nation building as after natural and man made disasters, sports participation helps to rehabilitate people with these.

What are the various forms of dance?

Ballet: foundation for all other western dance forms so student taught ballet will be well equipped to learn other forms -Jazz dance: pelvic rotations and ribcage isolations Modern/contemporary: torso contraction and extension Tap: loosening ankles in tap Viennese Waltz: specific frames, holds and other postures Ballroom dance: quickstep Latin ballroom dance: specific turns, steps and other movements in cha cha, samba, rhumba, pasofdoble *Other techniques in ballroom dance bearing weight and leading more on heels than toes and movement down into floor instead of up away from it as in ballet*

What do the sports baseball, basket ball and football have to do with these types of skills?

Baseball: requires these skills for player to run to bases after hit and run to catch fly balls. But it also requires non of this as players twist bodies to field ball, catch ball and when batting lean backward or forward to field balls, lean or bend down to catch low or rolling ground balls, reach out and take runners out before base, and go through movement sequence of pitching that involves leaning back, twisting, raising one leg. Catchers also move bodies while squatting to catch pitches without changing base of support. Baseball also involves manipulative skills of pricing, catching, fielding, and batting. Basketball: involves these skills of running and jumping,the non of these skills by leaning , stretching and bending and manipulative skills of dribbling, passing, catching and throwing ball Football: involves these skills of running and sometimes jumping over other players; non of these by bending in huddle and twisting when dodging tackles and manipulative skills of holding, passing, intercepting and receiving ball.

What are legal aspects of organization?

Because class sizes are generally increasing and PE classes are often large, supervision is harder, accidents likelier and PE lawsuits are increasing -Teacher risk liability because they are recognized as certified professionals with high responsibility , high profile roles -Their training should meet national standards -Teachers and coaches are liable for acts of omission and acts of commission -IN lawsuits levels of negligence are decided according to roles teacher or coaches player din prevent iing injurious conditions in adequately or inadequately providing post injury care, and by professional standards compliance or noncompliance -To be judged negligent, four parts are required: duty, breach of duty, cause and damage -Common areas of negligence in PE include supervision, instruction, classroom environments, first aid emergencies and transportation -Guidelines to repent this claims include using common sense, being informed of colleagues best practice guidelines, and following practices and procedures given in texts and in national organizations guidelines -PE teachers should continually, actively supervise throughout actives, ascertain whether students safely and properly execute them and encourage peer superiisoin in addition to teacher supervision

What is BMI and how many it be used for good/bad?

Body Mass Index is a popular tool often used to indicate whether person is underweight, overweight obese, or healthy weight, it can also be over emphasized and not always interpreted correctly. -BMI may be seen as only one facet for ones health profile. It should be discussed of other measurements and risk factors like waist size, PA, dietary and nutritional content, smoking, drinking. Also the concept of fitness derives from alethic model> Presidential fitness testing, m weight lifting standards and other performance based models assess fitness levels not health. *Recommend exercise amounts range from 30-60 minutes daily. Experts advise 20 minutes several days weekly confers equal health benefits as 60 min daily.

What are the PE competencies for Grades 1-2?

Body awareness: demo body movements and shapes, walk run, skip, and slide. Stop at boundaries with control, quickly and safely change direction without falling. Throw underhand, roll, and dribble ball. Identify walking, running, galloping, skipping, hopping, jumping, leaping and sliding Space concepts: Demo directions, pathways, levels and ranges during activity, perform locomotor skills how changing these, apply them in simple actives or games Movement Quality: understand and apply energy and force, time , flow , balance concepts to psychomotor skills, starting and stopping without falling, bending knees to lower center of gravity, showing understanding of hard and soft, tense and relaxed force variations, controlling personal force, Health related fitness elements: Begin identifying physiological exercise effecticts, fined 4 health related fitness component sin own words. Additional competencies include movement related problem solving skills, awareness of personal responsibility for ind. wellness, self confidence and suceesss, safe behavior for self and others and apporparitie social interaction

What are some actives based on rhythmic moving?

Breath: move arm sup and down coordinating with inhale and exhale Tactile: to walk up proprioceptors, as in rase awareness and sensation of location in space and body movement. Core distal: born gall body parts closer to center then extend outward Head tail: Brin head and tailbone closer front and back: flex, extend and laterally flex spine Upper-lower: Move only upper body and arms bilaterally first then move only lower body and legs bilaterally Body side: move left arm and leg together then move right arm and leg together Cross lateral: Make movements in opposition Vestibular: Disrupt and restore balance by moving off balance then stopping

What is the growth milestone of 2-3 years?

Children gain skill for actives needing speed and coordination, They are able to jump in place, balance on one foot, run forward, kick a ball, turn book pages, hold a crayon between thumb and fingers and draw a circle. From 3-4 years most children learn to talk in straight line, throw and catch a ball, slide down slide unassisted, ride a tricycle, pull and steer toys, build tall block towers and shape clay. For ages 4-5 years children typically gain more confidence in abilities and are able to walk backwards, jump on one foot, perform somersaults, cut paper, print some of letters of alphabet and copy crosses, squares and other simple shapes. Parents can support childrens achievement of major milestones in physical and motor development by providing environments encouraging exploration, space, resources and time to balance, jump, roll balls, run and play, draw and assemble puzzles to practice their emerging skills.

How do coaches and athletes communicate and what are some communication blocks between the two?

Coaches must be able to do this with their athletes to give them info enabling effective training and helping them perform better. -For athletes to initiate proper actions, coaches must do this well with them -AT same time though athletes need to receive, comprehend and accept info coaches give. -Group posture indicates team mood and attitude towards coach -Coaches need sensitivity to athletes signals to control team/group -These between coaches and athletes can Arise owing to different factors -When coach introduces topic, athletes who are naturally action orientated may jump to occlusions rather than waiting to undergo process of listening, understand and accepting coaches saying -Sometimes coach tries to do this with something athlete lacks knowledge required to understand. -Some athlete Amy not be motivated to listen to coach and some may be motivated to translate coaches words into actions by athletes -Some coaches may find it difficult to express certain thing wanted to be said to athletes -IN situations where emotions become highly involved, they an interfere with process of this and information clearly/objectively. -In some instances personalities of some coaches and athletes may class which acne also interfere with doing so effectively which also functions reciprocally *coaches must think carefully about this process*

How may one practice inclusion of peers?

Common requirement in many PE standards is for student to demo positive social interaction by including diverse types of students with them in PE activities. -This includes disabilities as students with these especially physical have historically been excluded for PE activities because they could not participate in typical ways -However modern federal laws mandate including students with disabilities in all aspects of PE -One way students can do this is for PE teachers to instruct them to be peer facilitators enabling them both to assist and participate -Their are also many modified games where in non disabled students and those in wheelchairs or lacking upper body control can participate together and actives that include students with intellectual disabilities.

What are some life stressors in terms of decision making?

Common stressors in 4 life takes follow accompanied by coping mechanisms utilizing this life skill: -Early childhood: pets death-helping child discuss pros and cons of each alternative for dispense ion pets remains -Adolescence: unwanted pregnancy-careful consideration and evaluation of such alternatives as abortion, carrying baby to term and surrendering it for adoption, carrying to term and keeping baby are necessary decision to make and cope proactively with stressors. Decisions bout future birth control methods are also indicated -Middle adulthood: divorce-considering alternatives, risks and consequences and making choices among career options, life roles, and future social relationships have major impacts on post divorce living -Later adulthood: retirement- this life skill enables retiree to consider alternatives in advantages and disadvantages.

What is the stress process theory?

Conservation of resources theory views main element in stress as resource loose: peel close resource and also use additional resources during stress, hence through process they accumulate grater susceptibility to negative stress impacts. -COR is an integrative theory equally incorporating both orientations of environmental and psychological. People endeavor to get, keep, cultivate end protect things they value -TO combat perceived environmental threat, they need combination of culture belonging, social attachment and personal strength -These attributes are resources: energy, condition, personal characteristic and object resources and are both cultural products and cross cultural in nature -When ind loose resources, resource loss Is threatened by or ind, invest significant resources without gaining any stress ensues.

How can one with a disability participate in sports?

Depending on ind. disability one may not have had the same experiences with sports in early life. This presents one obstacle to sports participation alter and throughout life. Another common problem is that those with disabilities are commonly misunderstood by others in terms of lack of awareness and understanding of how to include these people in sports events stye organize and manage. Limited community resources, programs nd opportunities to acquire training, participate and compete affect people with disabilities. This limitation sometimes realists from aforementioned lack of awareness and understanding about inclusion meshes and sometimes also exists despite community awareness, understanding and desire. Lack of accessible gyms, buildings, and other facilities is another barrier. Dearth of accessible trans. interferes with attending sports events to participate. Social and psychological barriers include parent, teacher, coach and even disabled peoples attitude and belief toward disability and sports participation. Inadequate access to info and resources is another obstacle.

What are maturational considerations?

Despite common PE class segregation of M vs F, some expedients find it apporpiarte to allow adolescents of both genders to participate together in PA without body contact that require agility and lower body strength. Examples include: Running, Frisbee, and capture the flag. For actives that need more upper body strength, PE teachers and coaches should base assignment of teams on the skill levels of Ind. student to prevent them from injuring themselves and one another. It is also important to evenly match sports teams on the basis of level of maturation and skill. This way deficits in ind. student skill levels are not as obvious and all students have fun participating. It is important for PE teachers and coaches to motion student PA and adjust them as needed to assure all students have competitive, positive and enjoyable experiences.

What is increasing internal motivation?

Despite ongoing concern and priority for enhancing all American PA for physical and mental health benefits, daily PE for high school students has decreased, worse, fewer high school students elect to take available PE courses. Thus effective PE teacher sand programs have critical roles for giving children positive experiences with PA early in life and these are accompanied by necessity of caring environments structured for motivating students to engage in healthily lifestyles with ongoing PA. One strategy to increase internal motivation is giving students freedom to choose. Another strategy is modify actives and skills and lettin students do so. A third strategy is giving every tuned ideal challenges.

What are perceptual and motor behaviors?

Developmental domains are interrelated, it is reinforced that the depth of interdependence among developmental domains, processes and factors. It Amy also be found that these two terms are not independent but inter depended processes as they characterize ethos as parts of an action system,. Very early strong motivation in infants to pay attention obtain info, explore and engage physical and social environment is evidence that cognitive, perceptual and motor emotional and social domains of development are interrelated, demonstrated by visual tracking, head turning and reaching. It can be defined that behavior = movement. Psychology is study of humans behavior, perception and moron behaviors inform psychological development. IT can be observed in infants how they use social cognition and information to guide motor behavior in unfamiliar or physically challenging situations.

What are APE collaborations?

Educators from different disciplines can meet on common gourd n tis hare respective areas of expertise in designing and implementing educational interventions for students with developmental disabilities which includes sharing forms, expands and enriches what all of the collaborating educators can know and do together to benefit students with special needs -Teamwork enables all of these to share ownership, responsibility and vision for every students development, growth and learning -IT also informs team members better about each Childs needs and what intervention methods and strategies are currently being used -Ongoing monitoring and implementation of recommended instructional modification are also better supported through continuing contact and communication afforded by interdisciplinary of this.

How can PE teachers collab with community?

Effective PE teacher reaches out to members of local communities and work together with them to demo not only value of good school PE programs and benefits but also significants of role -PE teachers can engage local residents and resources in PE programs not only benefiting PE program, school and students but moreover enabling them to assure PE program represents interest and needs shared by school and community -PE teachers may ask staff members for mouton or city parks and rec department to visit school and give presentation on using community resources properly -PE teacher could arrange field trip for student site visit giving them hands on experiences -PE teachers can acquire program support by contacting local businesses, universities, govt agencies and private funding agencies solicit funds form local l wellness and health agencies for purchasing sports equipment for students, request refreshments medals and ribbons form locally trophy companies for student athletic events and enlist volunteers form local college for olympics themed event

What is mutual support and PE teachers?

Effective PE teachers committed to engaging colleagues in discussion professional issues and enhancing instruction -They form partnerships of mutual support, integrating PE with other fields -PE teacher may collab with. family and consumer sciences teacher, developing joint nutritional and fitness unit as students would benefit from assignments to design comprehensive wellness plans including nutritional goals for which they prepare suitable foods giving them hands on experience -With ELA teachers PE teacher could plan literate and sport unit where students read a book and watch he movie adaptation as a supplement, analyze the psychology of characters and study discipline and skills of the fly fishing sport the main characters enjoy -Such interdisciplinary units give students more interconnected, integrated enriching and motivate learning experiences -PE teachers might discuss how student slack focus, extending conversation into project collaborating with school principal on 15 min student walking or running schedule every morning establishing more productive learning environment -PE teachers can enlist and provide colleague and administrator support in inventing innovate strategies for improving student motivation and leaning

What is professional development?

Effective PE teachers construct purposeful perusal action plans -Included within these plans are PD opportunities which good Pet echoers regard as valuable learning resources -They also engage inc continuing reflection in order to ascertain own goals, strengths and weaknesses -Based on insights attained through such reflection they determine what kinds of experiences and info they need to meet students varied needs -Good PE teachers utilize different methods of obtaining PD which includes completing advanced certificates and degrees in PE and in related disciplines and pursuing enrichment opportunities in education -This enhances not only teachers expertise and experiences available to students but school curriculum as well -Another PD method is active engagement in educational committees and professional organizations

What is nature and applications of reflection?

Effective PE teachers depend on this as a continual process that they engage in every day for purpose of improving all dimensions of their instruction -This includes creating curricula and modifying them to promote optimal student learning -IN order to satisfy national, state and local standards and district, school, departmental, class, and ind student leaning objectives, PE teachers engage in this to help them plan curricula and adapt and adjust them -During this, Pet teachers think about such subjects as interdisciplinary opportunities, educational resources and their merits, the interest and needs of students as ind. and as classes and teams, their own strengths and weaknesses as teachers and ind., their own teaching related passions and interests, and the ways in which they can contribute to and enhance their curricula on bases of own ind. characteristics -This enables synergy of personal expertise and professional inspiration

What are current issues and trends in PE?

Effective pE teachers must be knowledge about this in their field, in education in general and in wider society influence how their PE programs will be structured and leaning objectives encompasses. -Teachers must know about history of PE and sport as to how they have devoted and progressed and impacts these had and continue to have on teaching. -They need to stay informed on ongoing basis about new research findings and curriculum models -They must assess new developments carefully and adapt teaching practices base don info and insights one has gained -Good PE teachers tay informed of economic, political and social issues in local areas that taffeta PE and are aware how their field is affected by these globally, nationally, in their states and locally -They realize how leaning goals and objective developed and own school and community roles are shaped by these factors -They consider student health issues, obesity, personal wellness and other needs and address these by adjusting teaching practice to promote students being and becoming reductive members of society

What are some reactions to stress?

Effective skills and techniques of these enable health coping. Ind. being this by understanding how they currently react to this then adopting new ones of these or by modifying existing ones to keep life stressors form leading to health issues -Pain: internalized or unresolved this can trigger headaches, backaches, upset stomach, shortness of breath, insomnia, and muscular pain form unconsciously tensing shoulders or neck, also clenching jaws or fists -Eating and/or activity: Some people skip eating as a form of this, thereby losing weight, others overeat or eat none not hungry and/or skip exercise, gaining weight -Anger: some pope lose tempers more easily over minor or unrelated things when this -Crying: some people cry over minor or unrelated things when this and experience unexpected prolonged crying and/or feel isolated and lonely Depression and anxiety: This can contribute to depressive and anxiety disorder including problem avoidance, calling in sick, feeling hopeless or giving up -Negativity: Ind. not comping effectively with this may exaggerate negative qualities of undesired circumstances and/or always expect worst -Smoking and/or substance use: People may escalate current smoking, drinking or drug use under this, those who had previously quit may relapse.

What are some life stressors in terms of communication skills?

Examples of common stressors in each life stage plus ways to cope using these skills are as follows: -Early childhood: pets death-when child feel sad and anxiety over loss of pet, encourage child to communicate his or her feelings and thoughts as this can mediate distress -Adolescence: unwanted pregnancy-teen mother sneed support from various sources including family, friend , counselors, educators and health professionals. Effectively utilizing these enables them to know how, where, and from whom to solicit help and advice to cope with their situation -Middle adulthood: divorce- undergoing these often have to assume various new life roles, concluding some that their former spouse may always have addressed. as part of process of this adults need to apply the to seek out supportive fiends, relatives and professionals as they establish and adjust to new roles and experiences -Later adulthood: retirement-the. older adults retire, they may lose some autonomy. Using these assertively helps them maintain independence

How can one encourage excommunication?

Excellent PE teachers not only say their own high expectations for students but also encourage students to develop and sustain equally high expectations for self is done by engaging student in convo to explore students comp. of ind., personal attitudes, efforts, results of learning and respect -PE teachers should also help students understand learning objectives by structuring learning actives provided. -Good PE teachers understand that when student comprehend expectations, their resulting comfort levels contribute to enhance learning environments and productivity

What are the amounts and types of feedback for enhancement?

Experts advise keeping this simple yet not simplistic -It should give students and athletes most useful info pertaining to movement or situation and prevents student and athlete info overload and directed attention to most important things -Student and athlete experience levels also determine this amount -Program of this should be simpler than parameter of this as athletes typically find program adjustments harder than parameter -Summarizing and averaging this are additional ways to prevent info overalod

What are basic safety rules?

Experts advise supervising students between classes, intervening in student altercations or fights, monitoring and supervising athletic and PE complexes multiple entrance and exits and collab developing plans with co worker s for latter -PE teachers and coaches should lock gyms and pools between classes, not give students keys and always check gyms and pools fo athletes and student before locking doors -Equipment where students and athletes could fall should always have sufficient mats under it as the more dangerous the thicker the matting -Legal experts with PE coaching and teaching experience should only use basic vaulting and tumbling skill of gymnastic which should be taught in PE and with ind. spotters in these -Falls more likely since most average student slack strength to support their bodies or hang using arms -Falls from inverted positions risk spinal damage, paralysis and even death -Experts warn teachers and coaches never to use trampoline in PE and if used to ensure their insurance covers these and accidents off of these

How can one limit student injury?

Experts with both PE and legal experience caution PE teachers and coaches to remember that if basic rules are not follow ind sports these seemingly innocent actives can become more dangerous -Serious injuries are more prone from student collisions. -All sports have safety rules to observe -PE teachers and coaches must check slip resistant surfaces for wear or inadequately , particularly in waters presence, inspect facilities monthly and report any repair or maintenance issues to school administrations and maintenance departments, procure and use eye protection when reasonable, use applicable safety equipment for each sport or activity, prevent non participating student from getting in harms way, follow physician instruction sin any students doctor excuses, review safety rules with students before new activity and sport, never punish or discipline students with strenuous exercise, confer with school nurses regarding any student medical conditions causing strenuous activity intolerance and avoid student physical contact except for safety reasons

What are some life stressors in terms of coping skills?

Following are stressor scoring in each of the four stages and correspond these associated with the skills portion of stress management -Early childhood: pets death-children can emerge from clary loos experiences to discover personal abilities and strengths. From this perspective they can represent normal grief becoming depression through developing aptitudes and interests -Adolescence: unwanted pregnancy-before and after process of values clarification and decision making, teen motors should examine personal repose to pregnancy for significance in context of life -Middle adulthood: divorce-not unusual for adults to experience lowered self concept and self esteem during and after this. Form this perspective ind. should engage in behaviors that enhance self esteem and self concept. Personal and professionals actives that affirm or reaffirm ones skills, talents, abilities, accomplishments and sense of self facilitate this. -Later adulthood: retirement-Reitrees often encounter changing responsibilities and roles. PA and exercise, hobbies, social actives, traveling are all positive of these to enhance post retirement life.

What is Heimlich maneuver and CPR?

For choking, quick response is necessary to prevent unconsciousness even death -For adults and children one can perform this. -First remember that panicky victims may unintentionally strike out and protect self -Do not perform this on someone who is speaking, coughing or breathing, as someone who can do this thing sis not choking -Stand behind victim and wrap arms around him/her as a hug -Make fist with right hand and put it above victims navel, grasp right fits with left and and thrust in and up forcibly -Repeat thrusting until victim can breath -If victim loses consciousness, begin this for children aged 1-8 or this above 8 years old -Practice universal precaution and use protective equipment if available to avoid contagious and infections diseases -Shake and shout trying to wake victim, if he/she does not wake call 911. -IF nobody available, do this for 2 minutes and then call 911. -On children do 2 chest compressions per second 30 times and repeat -On adults do chest compressions at least 100 times a min or 30 times in 18 seconds and repeat

What are specific game rules and how can a PE teacher implement these into their class time?

For high school PE course that teaches specific sport, course description might includ Mehta tustndent will learn to use knowledge and skills acquired in earlier course to leaders hitch includes explaining rules, rationale for rules and identifying when anyhow rules have been violated. This might also include student to apply knowledge of games rules through taking advantage of opportunities fo peer coaching and officiating. -Learning objectives for such course could include that upon completion of the course, students would be able to analyze and evaluate rules associated with all course activities as well as equipment, risks and safety procedures.. -Another course learning objective could be that upon completion fo course students would be able to interpret and apply rules associated with specific actives included in course. -Another objective could be to collaborate with peers in setting rules for discussions and decision regarding presenting alternative viewpoints, reaching information consensus, voting on essential issues, setting clear goals and deadlines and assigning ind. roles -Objectives like these would meet PE curriculum standards

What are tech advances?

For student success in info age, educator recognize need to incorporate these -US state department of ed now prepares educators and educational administrators with knowledge for using these learning processes, techniques and tools -State education departments and local ed agencies now incorporate this knowledge and skill in academic standards, benchmarks and assessments -THe more educational accountability or outcomes increases, the more this can help instruction and assessment -PE benefits from this equally with other school subjects and in some ways is especially amendable to these methods and tools

What are some PE Techniques and strategies?

For students to develop grater spatial awareness and coordination, they need both maturity and plenty of practice. In a PE teachers lesson, one should concentrate on actives that require vision, hearing and/or touch, that are sequential in nature, and that children enjoy. performing. It is beneficial to students for PE teachers to discuss specific steps for performing fundamental skills with them. Instructional strategies that are recommended include first introducing a skill to students, having students practice skill using variety of equipment and in variety of settings, modifying games to incorporate practice of skills, implementing lead up games. containing practice modification sand after enough practice giving student opportunity to use skills learned and practiced in real game contexts.

What is involved and what influences physical growth and development?

Genetically inherited traits can influence this for better or worse. Good nutrition enhances this. While malnutrition causes deployment of physical, cognitive and behavioral development, student growth or obesity and diabetes. Exercise not only promotes this but also cognitive development. *strong connection between physical fitness and mental fitness Environmental factors such as lack of sensory and intellectual stimulation, social isolation and poor sanitation can hamper children health, growth and social and cognitive development Exposure too hazardous substances and unsafe conditions in play areas can jeopardize children safety, wellbeing and development.

What are the PE competencies for Grades 7-8?

Give partners and groups constructive feedback, solve more complex problems with larger groups in simple moment challenges, Desc. body movements using more advanced terminology. Show an understanding of body part relationships in performing more complex skills. Identify major skills involved in more complex gymnastics, dance, sports and/orrelated activities. Recognize ismilariite sin use of space in tactics. Perform more complex movement sequences. Keep time to muscle while performing steps and patterns in variety of dance styles. Adjust movements with partners or groups to beat. Combine speed, force, direction , level and pathways int dance routine, a sport tactic, like dribbling against defender or other complex series of movement concepts and motor skills. Demo. mature form in various basic skills, adjust skills to more complex situations. Assess personal performance on fitness gram . Monitor heart and respiratory rate, perceived exertion, recovery rate during and following activity. Understand basic FITT principles. Play by rules, show appropriate sports conduct, officiate small group games, appropriately assume leader follower roles, cooperate with others, show appreciation for appropriate feedback, interact with other s of diverse backgrounds.

What are some non loco motor skills for grades 1-6?

Grade 1: teachers introduce these including bending, twisting curling and swaying involving broad range of joints by discussing weight transfer, arm leg opposition and other mechanics involved. Grade 2: Teachers introduce and demo motions, pari students to perform warm up and cool down actives requiring 2 people using movements and have students identify joints and major muscle mgourps involved and identify exercises targeting each joint in warm up routine Grade 3: teachers introduce and demonstrate skills, work on building student comp. of principles of improving flexibility , discuss which joints can move and list exercises targeting each joint in fitness routine. Teachers design fitness routine for students to improve range of motion in specified joints, connecting different movements Grade4: Teachers review these and discuss importance in PA including bending in tucked, pike, squat, forward and backward positions; stretching before PA, including identifying muscle groups to stretch in warm up and Cool down; static balancing and dynamic balancing Grade 5: teachers review and have students develop skills further through ind. and group actives, perform bends, stretches, rolls on mats and create warm up or cool down routines. Teachers can invite a PT to discuss stretching and injury caused by improper stretching. Grade 6: Teachers review and have students explore this movement son mats, point out specific movements discovered, assign parts or small groups to create warm up routines recording and displaying actives and muscle groups included on posters etc...

What are the PE competencies for grades 3-6?

Grades 3-4: desc. movements identifying body parts and actions. Identify basic muscle groups and movements. HSOw awareness of body part relationships. Demo leaping, alternation leading foot. Apply space concept sin movements with others. Balance on various equipment with control SHow understanding of static and dynamic balance. SHow comp. of how bodies create and absorb force. Choose forces appropriate to tasks. Control personal and manipulative force. Demo slow medium and fast movement. Move with tempo changes. Incorporate various equipment into rhythmic patterns and movements. Combine up to three movements with or without equipment. emo smooth transitions among sequential motor skills. Solve movement challenges combing concepts of force, time and balance. Define, apply and assess 4 health related fitness components Grades 5-6: identify specific muscle gourds and movements. Combine body mvomemetns and shapes. Identify major skill sin beginning gymnastics, dance and sports. Recognize similar skills in different activities. Perform movement sequences. Adjust force for tasks projecting objects, using various equipments. Adjust body movements for speed changes. Combine movement concepts and motor skill sin series.

What is national dance day?

Grassroots campaign to celebrate dance, encouraging Americans to support good health and combat obesity by enjoying dancing -Hosted by charitable organizations, this was created to increase American dance education access and award scholarships to deserving dance students -This project was recognized nationally with 2010 congressional resolution officially making the last Saturday in July as the day.

What are supportive social interactions?

Humans are naturally his with emotional needs fo reconnections and relationships with others. By improving mental and emotional health includes the as well as private activities. -These provide companionship, intellectual stimulation and exchanges, intimacy, humor and laughter, talking to others about problems and feelings can decrease stress -People who are supportive and listen will without criticizing or during benefit psychological health so do listening well to and supporting others. -Some way sot engage in these include periodically walking way from screens for real world to engage in face to face direct interacting including nonverbal comm. -Another strategy is to make priority to spend space to face time with friends, cow workers, neighbors, relative and other people that we like and enjoy who have positive attitudes and interest in us. -One may meet people through volunteer work or by joining groups that share interests and meet regularly

What are the benefits of APE?

IDEA mandates free and appropriate public ed to students who ar eligible for special education services in least restrictive e -This includes PE services -Students how cannot participate in or benefit from regular PE services because of limitations in functional actives, motor actives or physical mobility are therefore required to be given APE services which re adapted to enable them to participate in and benefit form PE -Some benefits of APE to these students include developing functional, developmentally appropriate motor skills in young children that enable them to play and participate in educational environments with non disabled peers promoting active liiestiy incorporating pA, delving basics motor skills need to participate with peer sin sports and games, improving self image and self esteem of students, gaining skill increasing mobility, physical independence, self help, self sufficiency and independent living and reducing health related complications.

What are some plans for class behavior management?

IN effective oof this PE teachers should privately and quality discipline ind student when needed and should never hold disciplinary talks in front of other students. -When disputes between or argon students develop during classes, one strategy that PE teachers can use is to settle them using rock paper scissor method -This ensures randomness for objectives instead do subjective or preferential decisions -When assigning students to groups PE teachers should consider Ind. differences and needs such s disabilities or special needs, skill levels. English language proficiency, race, gender... -To balance gourds evenly, teacher should iodide classes into high, middle and low achievers then place one from each level into group -English language learners and specialness students should be paired with buddy. -PE teachers are advised to respect students and teach from bell to bell

What are some Rec. activities?

IN order for people to engage in these they must have free time, or when not occupied with working, actives of daily living, sleeping or social obligations. Due to industrialization, higher standards of living, longer life expectancies and more commercially offered rec activities, people now have more desire time available. This time enables both reflection on relatives and values overlooked during daily life actives. Leisure has come to be viewed as both rewards in and of itself and reward for work or even the purpose of work. Today, leisure has come to be seen as reflection of a nations character and values. *UDHR considers leisure a human right* -These types of actives are pursued for purpose of pleasure, health lifestyle, social interaction, comp., physical and mental rehabilitation and other therapeutic and preventative medical purposes

What is positive effective PE?

IN the psychomotor domain, This type of PE enhances student movement skills for participating in sports and other PA and for being Spector as well. It affords skills for applying cultural and intellectual pursuits to use leisure time and skills off preserving natural environment. -In the cognitive domain, this type of PE supports higher order thinking processes through motor activity, enhances academic performance, provides understanding of human body and knowledge of health and illness and exercise, enhances understand got rules of sports and PA ni American culture and sports knowledgeable consumerism with goods and services. -IN the affect domain, this type of PE supports healthy response to PA. IT adds to student aesthetic app reaction of beauty, it contributes to student self esteem and facilitates self actualization. IT help students direct their lives for setting worthwhile goals. PE reinforces humanistic values and enables students to use medium of play for enjoying rich social experiences as it also informs cooperative play and social interaction. IT teaches students fair play, good sportsmanship and courtesy just as it also supports humanitarian ideals and behaviors.

What is algebra, geometry and calculus in biomechanics?

IN this one subdivision is devoted to computational methods used to calculate and manipulate quantities involved -Knowledge of geometric shapes informs parallelogram method for resolving vector in various directions -Knowledge of algebra informs vector algebra which defines, rules and operates comping manipulation of vector quantities that are Copland and concurrent -Combining vectors through use of vector algebra is known as composition of vetoers and its opposite is resolution of vectors -Knowledge of calculus informs biomechanics technique of finding quantities rate of change, which is called differentiation and is a given function or curve obtaining quantities called derivatives -Another calculus technique is integrant which determines area contained between x axis and curve and obtains quantities called integrals

What is biomechanics?

IN this the subdivision of kinematics Is the description of motion -This includes such physics concepts as mass, center of gravity, displacement, inertia, linear and angular motion, linear and angular velocity, vectors, acceleration -Another subdivision of this is forces which are also physicals concepts as the SI unit used to estimate force is the Newton -Isaac Newton: discovered and articulated laws of motion that are bases of physics -Forces includes cut movement concepts as rotation, couples, resultant force, equilibrium, levers, mechanic advantage, weigh t, friction, fulcrum, muscular forces, resisting roles, doing forces, joint reaction forces, ground reaction forces, inertial forces, gravitational forces, center of pressure, and force line -Another subdivision of this is kinetics which is the study of forces causing motion and is where news laws of motion become central primary first law of inertia, second law of momentum and third law of reaction -Kinetics concepts include implies, linear and angular momentum, work, power, energy, kinetic and potential energy, work energy principle and energy level *Understanding these physics concepts enables corresponding understanding of body movements*

What are self concepts and self esteem?

IT has been written that challenging PA like sports and dance are powerfully influential for helping youth learn to be themselves. SHE finds that when presented appropriately, such actives teach young people to question assumption they have had that limit them and to perceive themselves and their potentials anew. -Self worth, sense of autonomy and self efficacy enhance through developing competence in sports skills -Elementary, high school and t students benefit with higher their form school sports participation and other PA.

What is resilience?

IT is a normal part of life to experience changes, disappointment, losses, difficult times and emotional problems that can provoke anxiety, sadness and stress. -Some people experience very traumatic event and never recover, while some suffer permanent damage significantly imparting ability to live normal life. Others carry on with major impingements on ability o participate in an enjoy life fully -This is the ability to bounce back from stress, trauma and other adverse experiences. People with good emotional and mental health have residences. -ONe component of this is having personal tools to keep positive perspective and cope with difficulties. WHIle some people begin developing these early in life those who didi not can still acquire them later with efforts tan help. -These type of ind. maintain focus, flexibility and creativity throng good and bad times -Additional component so Chris are stress management and emotional self regulation skills by being able to recognize feeling and express them prevents us banging lodged in negative emotional states like anxiety or depression. -Another component of this is a strong network of supportive people

What is qulatih of PE instruction and why is It so important?

IT is found through research that many PE program sod not meet national recommendation for either duration of class time or PA intensity. Instructional practices by Pe teachers are defined as pRocess factors. Even though both structural and prices factors predict student actively levels and thus comp. approaches for enhancing children's health and well being thorough more effective PE must address both of these. -It is als o noted of the importance of differentiating them for purpose fo differentiation approaches for improving each. -PE teacher prof. development in techniques for decreasing class management time will improve process factors meanwhile federal, state and district policies requiring sufficient funding maintaining facilities and equipment and for during and retaining enough PE teachers for ideal teacher student rations will improve structural factors.

What is coach vs teacher liability?

In classrooms, student movement is limited, however in PE class movement is the primary activity -Additionally PE teachers and coaches contend with movement by many students at at time with projectiles at time that can injury students and other implements that propel projectiles at high speeds further increasing injury risks -Also PE facilities are bigger than classrooms and include both indoor and outdoor spaces so PE teacher must cover and supervise great physical areas with different characteristic than classroom teachers -Another factor is that PE includes swimming which introduces water in pool sand showers presenting additional danger and injury risk in form of growing and slipping or falling - PE teachers should never allow students and athletes to be alone without faculty supervision in faculties -Teachers and coaches should be first in and last out of pools -Another injury and liability source is personal vehicles owned by teachers or coaches used for transport to activities outside schools

What is a badminton practice plan?

In high school practice plan, racquet types should be selected for max student success. -First two practice games can be doubles play and both teams should be in front to back formation -ONe player serves, starting rally as players call mine before hitting or retiring any shot. Alternate front and back position with each rally, completing 10 rallies -After serving play a 10 hit rally then attempt to score only smash or drop shot earns points. Players call as in, play up to 5 points switching positions after each point -ONe team is in front to back formation and other in side to side, both teams maintain formation through out game. serve, complete 10 hit rally and then attempt to score. As in 1 and 2 players call before hitting. Play up to 5 points, rotation player positions following every point. Play 4 games rotating team formations after every game -Teams make up, practice and play own games developing rules by varying clear/drive/drop/smash shot types, short/long save types, front to back/side to side formations types, space and scoring methods

How does ability change with age?

In life we experience both gains and losses in various physiological of these. While these changes depend on age, relative rates at which they occur throughout life depend on individual lifestyle, PA and exercise. Also at eery age physically trained vs untrained ind. exhibit major physiological differences. Some key ares of physiology that change across lifespan include strength, flexibility, body comp and body weight. Some systems are the cardiovascular, skeletal and pulmonary.

What is considered upper body muscular strength and endurance?

In living, one can work each arm individually or both arms together. Through training each arm individually can results in slightly different levels of these in each arm. -Increase both reps and weight lifted of each arm at the same time so that each arm is able to increase gradually at the same rate in term giving each muscle in the arms equal opportunity to grow -Another excellent exercise to increase this is doing pushups as these build pectoral muscles in chest, triceps at back of upper arm and deltoid at front of shoulders. *As these may be seen troublesome fo people lacking in this type of strength and endurance, it is a good exercise to start out with when wanting to build this up*

What is the collaborative team?

In repressing teams that do this to serve needs of student who receives regular and special ed sed services, some educators use graphic of a wheel -The student is at the center fo the circle and is surrounded by the members of the team -These include the students parents and family who provide best knowledge about students developmental history, medical history, personality, daily living skills, habits, behaviors, interest and preferences -Family members also contribute personalized strategies they ache discovered or evolved to be effective with student and insight about ineffective methods and interactions -Academic subject assessment including needed accommodations, modification and adaptations -School administrators supervise faculty and staff help develop school curriculum, programs and initiatives, manage school facilities, plan and mange school budgets and much more -Nurses or doctors provide health services while school or private psychologists conduct psych evals, IQ testing and mental status examine and provide therapy, counseling and behavior management programs, training and implementation -Paraprofessional and food service workers are examples of additional direct services -PT, OT and transportation workers are examples of indirect services

What are growth spurts?

Individual differences in these among American adolescents very widely. Therefore, normal adolescent growth. and development includes a broad range of physiological differences. Among major influences on adolescent ent growth, 2 significant factors are individual exercise training and individual nutritional conditions. -When these two facts interact and are additionally influenced by interaction of adolescents body type, some teenaged athletes flow more slowly than average for their peers. Because of complexity of these interactions its hard for researchers who measure teen growth rates to determine which individual variables contribute more or less to slower growth

What is included in physical education performance?

Individual differences include biological, physiological and enviormvnatl factors affecting performance. Development rates across and within individuals very by maturation and growth differences. Perceptual motor abilities affecting individual skill performance include: control precision, response orientation and choice reaction time. Physical proficiencies affecting performance include: explosive strength, Object balancing, and multi limb coordination

What are the 8 stages of life in physical development?

Infancy, Early Childhood, Middle childhood, Late childhood, Adolescence, Early adulthood, Middle adulthood and Late adulthood or old age

What is perceptual exploration?

Infants need visual info about characteristics and locations of objects to reach and grasp as evidenced by their intercepting objects, moving opposite hand to right place before object arrival. Researches have observed basic motor develop need is coordination of this and manual skills. Newborns not only bring hands to mouths when stretching arms out, they also turn heads to maintain their arm view. As they grow older. babies bring not only fingers but also objects to their mouths. Coordinate among visual, tactile and oral exploration, looking at, reaching, grasping, touching, turning and mouthing objects. Babies must also use balance control, even fro simple reaching actions, extending arm out from base of support displaces center f=of gravity requiring counter balancing through opposition. When infants ab and back muscles are not yet stronger enough to support them in sitting positions, they use hands to achieve tripod balance. Once they sit independently around 5-6 months this frees their hands to reach, grasp and manipulate smaller objects. Within several more months they coordinate lining with reaching to avoid tipping over.

What is the growth milestone of birth to 3 months?

Infants use rotting and sucking reflexes to nurse, and grasping reflexes to hold ins in hands, They being to raise heads slightly when lying on stomach. When given support they begin to hold up heads a few sec at a time. They start forming hards into fists and pull and tug at own hands. They being repeating body movements made before. From 3-6 months babies develop more strength and agility as they being to roll over, pull their bodies forward using arms and hands, grasp edges of cribs and furniture to pull themselves up, reach for objects and grasp them, burn objects to mouths with hands, and shake and play with objects held. Form 6-9 months, their mobility explains as they crawl, grasp objects and pull them toward body, transfer toys and objects between hands. Parents can supported babies in attaining this milestone by providing ample space for rolling, crawling and playing and many objects they can safely grasp, shake and put into mouth

What is safety and teacher liability?

Insufficient or improper advance instruction directly informs this -Also teachers should not let students lacking judgement of personal capability to perform movements -Safety instruction should be stated simply -Instruction in procedures and protocols for equipment setups use and takedowns is must -IN classroom environments, teachers must watch out for potential dangers -Environmental conditions can very day to day and teachers should space student sto mitigate problems -PE equipment should only be used as designed to be used -Regarding emergencies, students risk injury more when moving than still -PE teachers are expected to give injured students appropriate help and should be trained and currently certified first aid -First aid procedures should be included in class objectives, permanently displayed school wide and developed among school personnels -Teacher should know of pre existing student conditions and should write detailed report of any incidents including prevention measures -Transportation outside school risks this and teachers should get written parental consent and always follow school policies, practices and procedures.

What is the sport of track and field?

Is a sport that encompasses number of different competitive athlete actives involving running, jumping and throwing skills. Running events: include sprinting, middle and long distance races, hurdling and relays JUmping: Long jump, high jump, triple jump and pole vault. Throwing events: include shot put, javelin, discus and hammer throw. This also includes events that combine multiple sports into single contest. Athletes win these type of events with fastest time and/or longest height for distance *Major comps for this include the international association of athletics federations governing body world championship and olympics

How can one promote motor learning for sports?

It is example whether leaning specific academic subjects could expand students general attention and learning skills. It is concluded that the nature of learning is more specific, and that the mind functions in a very detailed manner by adapting to particular info. it experiences. Improving an ind. mental process seldom improves any other ind. one. THese have been applied to subject of motor learning. Movement may also be seen very closely related to sensory stimuli which indicates that specific in physical training is necessary for attaining successful outcomes in motor learning. For students to acquire motor skills the most important factor in practice is practicing actual target skill itself rather than related skills or other skills. For functional sport motor skills to become permanent behavior changes the stimuli presented must duplicate energy systems and movements used in designated sport activity. Actually performing sport itself is best training for learning motor skills involved in that sport.

What are recommendations vs actual activity?

It is sia data thcildren are to engage in moderate to vigorous PA for 60 minute a da. -IN the school used or study samples children had approximately 23 minutes of PE class that day and were engage din MVPA for less than half that time. HiTs equates to about 1/6 of nations saying. Children must be active outside of PE classes to attain recommended levels of PA but it Is also advised that children should be support din doing so, as schools must increase proportions of PE class time when children are active physically -IT is concluded that low ratio of students perf all time equivalent PE teacher affords significant gains in both PE class duration and proportions of student pA during classes. -It is found that school district allocation of enough resources for hiring and retaining PE teachers with superior skills will enable longer PE Classes and student activity

What do these grade levels tend to look like during the execution of manipulative skills involving kicking?

Kindergarteners: dribble soccer ball slowly with both feet while talking, approach stationary balls and kick with high follow through without stopping, kick stationary balls with any foot part with high leg back swing and follow thorugh First Graders: dribble medium/large balls with either foot, walking/jogging, kicking balls with solid contact, high follow through, approaching stationary balls kick without stopping with high follow through Second Graders: Dribble balls using both feet, jogging , trap balls when stopping, show correct from kicking balls using insteps; kick slowly rolled balls to kickers with soldi contact and high follow through Third graders: dribble soccer balls using feet insides/outsides, running at varying speeds, pass balls to partners or targets using inside foot kicks somewhat accurately and consistently, punt balls without or without bounce using correct form 15 ft or more Fourth Graders: Dribble around stationary opponents or objects without object contact or ball loss trap teammate rolled balls, dribble and instep kick moving balls at large goals Fifth Graders: dribble around lightly resistance, moving opponents, punt soccer balls and/or footballs 30 ft or more with 2-3 step approaches, make lead passes while dribbling with inside foot kicks to moving teammates Sixth graders: change speed sand directions to evade opponents while dribbling soccer balls, trap ball s from different speeds and heights, show competency with soccer dribbling and inside foot passes in keep away games.

What should be expected of those K-6 grade students in terms of Locomotor, Non locomotor, and manipulative skills?

Kindergarteners: should be able to volley beach balls or balloons themselves five successive times and hit balls or balloon s up to 9-12 inches continuously with different body aprts First Graders: should be able to very striking force and volley 6-10 more times upwards alternating left and right palms Second Graders: should be able to volley with pertness using both hands and volley underhwad while walking forwards 20 feet Third graders: should make and catch forearm passes to themselves and volley to partners using overhand passes Fourth graders: Should serve underhand or overhand with correct form and consistently volley using forearm passes to themselves. in addition to running and changing direction dribbling basket ball or kicking soccer ball Fifth graders: should serve underhand, overhand, pass overhead and forearm pass, show correct overhand volleying from against wall and consistently serve volleyballs over nets 6 feet high or walls from 15 ft away in addition to integrating skills by changing speed and direction to evade defender while dribbling basketball, running with football or kicking soccer ball or consistently and strategically moving in open spaces to receive passes in games. Sixth graders: Should return volleyballs with forearm passes at least 6 feet high as well as running and leaping over consecutive cones or other obstacles without stopping

What do these grade levels tend to look like during the skill of striking with implements?

Kindergartners: balance bean bags or object on rackets and paddles while walking, hit balls off of batting tees using implements First Graders: Strike beach balls or balloons forward using short implements while walking 20 feet without letting them hit the floor, strike 4 times without their hitting the floor using short light implements Second graders: Bounce then strike balls at walls or targets, strike beach balls or balloons with implements over low nets to partners without touching the ground or floor, consistently striking ball upwards with only one bounce Third graders: successfully hit balls or objects from close proximity, bounce and strike small foam tennis balls with soft, controlled forehand ac ross gym ro into large areas, use long handled implements to strike object on floor or ground to targets. Fourth graders: successfully hit self tossed object with one bounce; folly or ally objects using implements over nets and low barriers; receive teacher hockey passes and hoot to targets from about 10 feet Fifth graders: successfully trike underhand teacher pitched whiffle or foam balls repeatedly hit balls forehand or backhand against walls at close range, bounce and hit small foam balls with soft controls ed backhand into large areas, dribble and shoot at goals with continuous action using long handled implements Sixth graders: successfully strike underhand teacher pitched softballs serve balls without bouncing consistently at target areas; and give and go using long handled implements.

What grades are included in the skills of dribbling and shoot basketballs?

Kindergartners: should be able to drop ball an catch it at peak of bounce, They should be able to dribble ball contentious with dominant hand First graders: should be able to dribble a ball with their dominant hand while moving Second graders: should be able to dribble ball around stationary objects and dribble ball with both left and right hands while standing in place without losing control Third graders: should be able to dribble ball Lin figure 8 pathway, alternating dribbling hands to opposite sides of cones set 10 in apart.

What is A and P in learning?

Knowing the heart pumps blood to lungs how lung oxygenate blood and how hear then send this blood throughout body to deliver oxygen to tissues informing understand of how heart, blood vessels and lungs interact as cardiopulmonary system during exercise to enable sufficient respiration to take in enough oxygen and expel enough carbon dioxide -Knowing difference between inhalation and exhalation measures oxygen consumption informs understanding respiration during exercise -Knowing max oxygen one can consume, VO2 Max equals max aerobic capacity which usually defines cardiorespiratory fitness informs understand how function and condition of ones heart, blood vessels and lungs, cardiorespiratory fitness, contribute to ones ability to engage in oxygen using exercise also known as aerobic fitness and to continue such exercise for longer durations, cardiorespiratory/aerobic endurance -Knowing how skeletal muscles, joints and bones connect and articulate, which muscles control which body movements and understanding muscle mechanics informs understanding how different body movements are accomplished, which muscles and bones need strengthening, degrees of soft tissue flexibility that need increasing or decreasing

What are some risks associated with physical inactivity?

Lack of physical activity may be seen as risk factor for CVD and other heatlh conditions. People ehwo are less physically fit and less physically active are at higher risk for developing hypertension's. Even after eliminating harmful factors such as smoking or drinking and eating unhealthy, people who are physically active are still less likely to develop coronary heart disease than those who are physically inactive. Depression and anxiety can be caused by lack of PA as well as risk for certain cancers. Obese or overweight people decreased risks of disease significantly through PA. Lack of physical activity causes many deaths annually as people tend to become less active as they age.

What are the 5 conditions for cooperative learning?

Merely grouping student does not achieve this which requires common Orup goal whose achievement ent the group is rewarded. Condition required for this conclude these basic elements -Student have positive interdependence and clearly perceive this -Student engage in substantial arts of face to face promotive interaction -Student are personally and individually accountable and responsible for achieving goals of group and clearly see they are -Student often make use of small group dn interpersonal skills that are pertinent to their cooperative learning activity -Students regularly and frequently engage in group processing of current group functioning to improve effective ness of group in future -ALl these relationships including work groups, partner learnings, peer tutoring, peer mediation, families.... always incorporate these fundamental conditions or elements as these do not necessarily occur naturally thorough imply grouping students, teacher sneed to structure and mange them

What are positive relationships?

Middle school students perceive close friendships more highly thorough positive affect related to PA and that those perching peer acceptance more highly experienced higher physical self worth, which in turn predicts more blank effect -Positive affect also promotes PA and challenge performance -Psychological outcomes enhanced through undefended contributions from both peer acceptance and friendship. -Quality experiences in PA have been observed to benefit form motivation supplied by this, self perceptions and relationships with significant others -Peer are critical to such quality experiences in PE -Peers influence affect in physical domain, shape self perceptions, affects moral attitudes and behaviors and affect motivation for making choices of PA, seeking challenges and sustaining long term commitment to PA -Peer relationships and health behavior reciprocally influence each other -Individuals identifying exclusively as athletes risk more adjustment problems when undergoing injuries or leaving sport -Peer relationships Amy influence identify rotations

What is considered a healthily lifestyle?

Most American students must engage in PA outside of PE classes and school. TO constitute PA, brisk waling or other pursuits must use energy by moving the obdy at level of intensity sufficient to raise ones body temp to feel warmer and cause one to breath deeper than normal. Experts reckoned that children and teens build up to at least an hour of moderate PA most days of week while adults should aim for at least half hour most days.

What is the growth milestone of 9-12 months?

Most babies deomsntarte major milestone of sitting up without support, standing without help and walking without assistance. In addition to these gross motor skills developed they also demonstrate advances in fine motor skill development as they begin to pick up and throw objects, are able to roll balls, pick up small objets between thumb and one finger. Between ages 1-2 years, children develop more independence, Their motor skills start to emerge for performing tasks that require body balance and hand eye coordination. Most children in this stage and walk backwards, up and down stairs, pick up objects while standing, sway and otherwise move along with music, use their whole arm to paint or color or scribble using crayons or markers and turn door handles and knobs.

What is included in physical training and health?

Motivation to follow and continue physical fitness routines can be supported by both short term and long germ effects of exercise on the body and brain. Additionally in the long term exercising regularly can both prevent and relieve depression. In addition tot he brain exercise improves Cardiovascular health as PA requires heart rate to increase to deliver oxygenated blood to muscles. People who perform cardiovascular (aerobic) exercise consistently lower long term risks fo heart attack , strokes and other cardiovascular disorders.

What are the 6 types of development of childrens motor skills?

Muscle Tone: During contraction and at rest varies among children. Hypotonia is low muscle tone, which causes floppiness, weakness and poor balance; Hypertonia is high muscle tone, causing stiffness and difficult movement. Children with down syndrome may have hypotonia, while those with cerebral palsy often have hypertonia Strength: This is relative force of muscular contraction against resistance .Children with weak muscles may have difficulty achieving motor development milestones Endurance: Enables children to sustain exertion over time entailing multiple factors including muscle tone, strength CVD and Pulmonary function and motivation. Children with low endurance may be able to step up one stair but not climb the whole flight Balance: While stationary and moving results from vestibular equilibrium interaction with sensory info, including eyesight, proprioception, muscle tone and strength Motor Planning: Coordinates systems controlling perception, movement, intensity, speed and sequence of complex and frequently intuitive process of executing steps in PA. Sensory Integration: Interpreting environmental sneery input correctly and responding with appropriate motor activity. Children response thresholds vary along continuum among ranges of under stimulation, average and over stimulation.

What is walking development?

Newborns already have inter limb coordination as demonstrated by crawling, swimming and stepping reflexes. After developing locomotion skills of crawling babies go through several transitional upright stages of pulling up, glancing while standing, and sides cruising while holding onto furniture for support. These transitional stages culminate into this independent skill. From babies first steps to toddling to eventual adult like action of this skill around elementary school ages, children evidence dramatic gait changes. When babies first begin to do this their fat are apseced widely apart with toes pointed outward. Legs are held nearly straight not being knees, typically bend elbows upwards with palms of hands facing the ceiling. They either set each foot down all at once or try on their toes instead of rolling foot form he'll to toe. As their bodies and brain mature, body proportions change, balance improves and gain additional experiences, their gait patterns gradually change utinl around 7 years old they perform this skill at an adult level.

What is the correlation between health benefits and disease?

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are two common results of physical inactivity. While obesity contributes greatly to type 2 diabetes, there are also ind. who are not even overweight but due to sedentary lifestyle combined with poor nutritional habits and other behaviors they have developed type 2 diabetes as well. Sitting for most of ones waking hours is as harmful to health as habits like smoking. People who drink, smoke, never exercise, spend most of time sitting and experience high levels of emotional and/or psychological stress are at much higher risks for hypertneiosn, heart attacks, strokes, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, mental and emotional disorders, poorer quality of life and earlier mortality. PA can aid weight control, lower risks for heart disease and some cancers, strengthen muscles and bones and enhance mental health.

How can one develop rotation skills?

Older children can perform these types of actives such as spinning on stomach or bottom with or without using hands, on back and standing. -They may also extend legs and tuck bodies -TO improve this actives speed, one can provide smoother surfaces while observing balance and change of focus -As children what shapes they can create by rocking and observe for slight spinal curve for protection -Use mats or cylinders shorter across than children leg length and have them tilt side to side then rock and come back up in to sitting position, challenge students with how long they are able to stay on observe for natural head position and controlled movement -Using equipment and music teachers and students suggest ind. and peer led exploration and experimentation -Vary music speed, body position and rotation places. Explore different directions and height with one piece of equipment -Design short movement sequences ind. or in groups and observe for loose grips, wrist action with small fast movements and arm action for large leg movements

What are some actives for throwning and catching ages 5-12

Older children can practice this for accuracy or distance. -Force back: student space another in pairs doing this with a ball toward other as far as they can. The partner catches or retrieves ball doing the same back from where it landed Three court ball: assign students to 2 equally numbered teams and each team has one third of court and tennis ball. Student they to do this with th ball into middle third or court and have it bounce over others team goal line Scatter-ball: use baseball diamond or nay field with several basses arranged in diamond, circle, square or their shape, divide students into 2 teams throwers and fielders. Throwers take turns doing this with the balls as far as they can then each runs around basses until told to stop. Fielders catch or revive balls and collect them in basket, bucket, switch teams and repeat. Teach scoring most runs wins

What are the different types of gymnastics?

Olympic: Better learned outside school hours and are seen as more professional in terms of the sport itself Educational: have different Nono competitive purposes to teach children to increase skills for controlling and manuring bodies effectively against gravity force on floor and apparatus through learning experiences. This also incorporates movement concepts such as body and space awareness, force and effort toad movement qualities and relationships . It also integrates with school themes such as balancing, transferring weight, traveling, jumping and landing. Children must experience these in isolation and in dance or Game contexts before experience e them incorporated into this. Traveling: some introductory themes include traveling independently and safely to and from or on and off apparatus, chaining direction or level, on feet or hands, together or apart and in shapes Weight bearing: includes getting on and off apart, weight on hands, balancing on different surfaces and Boyd parts, balancing and rolling, Landin glad rolling, chaining feet relationships with weigh ton hands and while balancing Weight Transfer: included are log/side rolling, forward rolls, jumping and landing and back safety roles Relationship: individual sequences, partner sequences together, apart or side by side and symmetrical and asymmetrical movements.

What is the difference between disability identification and eligibility?

Once a teacher other school personnel, parent or professional or agency personal revers student for eval for this determination for special ed services. school district convenes a PPT or IEP team -The members of this team typically include student whenever appropriate, students parents, at least one regular ed teacher if student may be or is place din regular ed, at least on especial ed, person able to interpret evals, , school district rep who knows general ed curriculum and can allocate resources, and any others with expertise or knowledge pertinent to student -Student evals can conclude standardized test results, info from parents, teachers and service providers, formal and informal observations, reviews of school work, birth to three system records -Team may design ind. evals according to referral concerns -Parents are given written notice of consent for eval and federal regulations require IEPs to be develop for students determined legible within 60 calendar day after written referrals or state regulation may require them to be developed sooner

What is vocab hot potato?

One activity combining PE and ELA is this. This meets learning standards to -Perform fundamental motor and manipulative skills, becoming competent in various PA and proficient in few complex motor and sports activities -Recognize safety hazards and respond effectively -Correctly spell words studied earlier -Develops eye hand coordination and manipulation skills for accurate tossing and catching -Materials needed are vocab or spelling lists and small foam ball -Teachers assessment via observation and immediate verbal feedback -Teachers first review correct underhand and overhand showing techniques previously taught in PE classes with students -Teachers then announce one word and toss ball to student who gives words first letter and tosses ball to another student who supplies next letter continuing until words correct spelling is complete -Student who spelled word select whole class exercise withers man reps as letters in spelled words -Variation include one student spelling whole word another identifying its number of syllables and another using it in a sentence

How does performance relate to PE activies?

One element of ind. differences is age. Some actives are not appropriate for students who have not attained physical maturity. Students also need to understand what their bodies can acne cannot do as they pass through different developmental stages and periods. Students of very different ages should not be expected to compete against one another. Age affects strength, aerobic capacity, reaction time, flexibility and experience. Humans do not attain full strength until age 20. Student are most flexible in teens. Experience is a crucial element in sports. Another ind. difference is somatotype (body type). This informs appropriate sport choices

What is participating in physical fitness? What are some factors that encourage PA in communities and families?

One is to engage in moderate PA for around abhor a day, adults around half an hour a day 5 days a week. -Increasing freq. and duration of PA improves health even more -Those who want to lose weigh tor maintain weight loss may need 40-90 min of PA daily -For time, PA like walking can be divided into small 10 min sessions 3 times daily -For motivation, family outings, free or low cost group actives and walking and exercise partners offer social support -People are more likely to engage in PA for rec if it is located near homes and are free or inexpensive. -People are more likely to exercise regularly when they live within 1 mile of rec facility -Another factor affecting PA rec is safety as some pool have to ride a bike or walk/job for rec using public roads and streets where motor vehicle traffic threatens safety and discourages participation.

What are the amounts of PA time?

One mechanism whereby students are physically active during less of their PE classes is proportion of time PLE teachers devote to administrative tasks. -Similarly equipment selection and transitions among spaces take more time when access to suitable equipment and facilities is inadequate -Positive influence increasing student PE class time spent in PA is accessing curriculum resources align with best PE practices, specifically when PE teachers use these resources in focused, organized lesson plaining.

What type of PA addresses stress?

One wya in which this happens is by directly reducing this. Moving at moderate intensity long enough to increase hart rate, breathe more deeply, work muscles and break light sweat releases endorphins. -These hormones produce naturally occurring high or sense of euphoria and also alleviate physical and mental pain. -People feel physically and mentally relaxed after expending energy. -Worries and negative attitudes are frequently dissipated by this -By doing this it also lets to improve ability to cope with this. -Through increasing physical strength, stamina and flexibility one can afford greater senses f personal competence and empowerment as well as inc. blood circulation which enables clear thinking hence more effective problem solving -Enhanced physical and mental health synergistically improves capacities for dealing with life changes

What is allocating, organization, and management of resources?

Over 23 percent of time in PE classes was used for class management . -student were found engaging in moderate to vigorous PA during 45.3 percent of time during pE classes, which averaged 21.2 minutes per class and equated to only 10.4 minutes per school day as most schools student only offered dPE classes 2.47 days per week. -it was found that of the school examined only 17.4 Percent offered PE 5 days a week -Elementary school PE teachers were found spend significantly larger mat of class time than middle school teachers on class management hence middle school students receive more minutes per day of PE. -Student engaged in MVPA during more PE class and teacher used less class time on management when student teacher rations were lower -Higher student MVPA and lower management time were also associated with better sacks to adequate spa faculties and exercise/sports equipment

What benefits do diverse students contribute?

PE classes and teams incorporate students from heterogeneous sources benefit form wider variety of contribution than those with narrowly homogeneous origins. *American student who behavior more like high profile athletes then they do like equal team members* -Students for collectivist cultures are more likely to engage in respectful sportsmanship than compete in overly aggressive ways. -Deferring ind. accomplishments and attention for being important parts of group make them valuable contributors to team solidarity and success.

What is student respect for peers?

PE experts assert the importance of teaching not only info, skills and strategies by equally teaching effective skills and objectives. Without these they say students, despite having knowledge and skill may not want to participate in PE actives. -Values, attitudes, feelings and interpersonal behaviors affect student motivation -As role models, PE teacher should never show favoritism among student or marginalize students with lesser motor skill and should also not limit health benefits of PE actives for student with with lower or higher skills but should provide challenges to all levels -When designing PE actives and curriculum, teachers could include ways to teach respect for self and others, cooperation, teamwork, skills and techniques.

What is health related fitness?

PE programs and teachers instruct students in the significant of this. PE teachers are to help student development both comp. cognitively and competence physically to engage in regular PA to enable them to follow PA healthful lifestyles. -In order to do so, students need to learn about health related fitness needs, principles and goals. -One required component of this learning process is assent of fitness through testing -Some examples of fitness tests often used to assess elementary school student fitness include numb row pushups curls and chin-ups they can do and h09w well they can repeat these to a beat to assess muscular strength and endurance -To assess flexibility PE teachers may measure in inches the length a student can reach while sitting and how far s/he can stretch -To assess cardiorespiratory endurance and aerobic fitness, a common measure Is how many laps a student can run and the time in minutes it take sa student run mile or half mile.

How can one self evaluate their performance?

PE teacher should initially give students performance related cues when teaching new motor skills. -Once student begin practicing they will learn through making and correcting errors -TO help students make critical this of their own performance, PE teachers can give students checklists that include photos of skills using words associated with skills next to pics -They can assign students to pairs or teams and have them check one another performance of skill components -Another useful tool is to record video of students then as they watch playback, teach them how to verbalize the critical parts of skill. With this they should be assigned to groups and have them watch the video analyzing whether each member performed skill correctly by calling out yes or no. -Through assign students to give their own of this PE teachers not only enable them to learn required task but also enables them to perform it without depending on teacher of this making them ore independence learners.

What is a high school basketball practice plan?

PE teachers and coaches demo while explaining game format. -Play starts or restarts with pass form baseline or sideline, offense only throws after pick and roll socking 1 point per basket -Each foul gives opposing team 1 points. for first 4 periods, stay on offense, rotate offense to defense every period -IN period 5 offense and defense switch every time ball possession changes -Rotate after each game -Offense cues include click, set pick or screen on opponent defending teammate then teammate moves past, Roll, roll of f screen to basket, look at ball handler and prepare to pass, Shoot and follow, if open thrown follow shot to basket, if not open reset -Defense cues: match up, defend player similar in size, fitness and skill leave, shadows, stay close to offensive player defended no matter where on the court he/she goes, Communicate, Talk to teammates they know whats happening, Box out, ON throw ,face basket keeping opponent behind you rebound and pass

How can a PE teacher meet diverse student needs?

PE teachers can avail selves of various modalities to differentiate instruction to meet students varying needs -PE teachers also develop and use task analysis whole to part instructions and cue words to explain and present simpler pieces of more complex skills to help students understand and learn -They use developmentally appropriate metaphors and analogies

How can a PE teacher be safe among extreme environments?

PE teachers can begin by designing lesson sand instructing these students about this type of environment and some physical safety hazards associated with this - IN addition to preparing students for activity in this environment, teachers can meet learning standards by assigning students to select and research conditions and risks of specific environments and write research reports about how these would affect PA and how to prepare

What is the Apps gone free?

PE teachers can download free app named AppsGoneFree to aid them in finding additional free apps they can use to assist instruction. -This app is compatible with apple devices , lists applications that originally were sold for prices but have become free of charge -The apps listed have all been reviewed by experts and this includes details bout why experts chose each one -This is available at app store, PE central website also offers link -This delivers daily list of typically 5-10 apps that are free for one day or week -Another free app for these devices is class dojo where PE teachers can introduce gaming concepts, making PE classes more appealing to many students who love gaming -Teachers can monitor and track student behaviors during PE class, present criteria whereby students gain or lose points and collab toward shared point goals which enables student to self monitor and track via real time updates by connecting their devices onto TVs or projectors and email weekly behavior updates to parents

How can PE teachers collab with parents?

PE teachers can generate enthusiasm for active, healthy lifestyles by offering opportunities to families to get involved in PE programs as they can organize and hold events and discussion with parents and families contributing to public relations for programs through effective communication of PE benefits -Good pE teachers enlist families was partners to help with children Physical educations -Honest conversations inniting paretns to provide input about instructional processes nd regularly evaluate PE program effectivenesses can be taken advantage of aas well as the insights and expreineces of parents for enriching educational quality for students -PE teacher could invite parent who works as a cardiologist to visit school or class to talk about how health is enhanced through exercise, weight management, and nutritional choices and how students specimens or models of diseased and healthy hearts to illustrate impact of different lifestyle and wellness choices -Such collabs not only supplement student ed with enriched info and experience abut also acknowledge and respect family knowledge, gives teachers insights into parental aspirations and expectations for children and enables teachers to learn more about student interest and motivations from thesePE teachers can generate enthusiasm for active, healthy lifestyles by offering opportunities to families to get involved in PE programs as they can organize and hold events and discussion with parents and families contributing to public relations for programs through effective communication of PE benefits -Good pE teachers enlist families was partners to help with children Physical educations -Honest conversations inniting paretns to provide input about instructional processes nd regularly evaluate PE program effectivenesses can be taken advantage of aas well as the insights and expreineces of parents for enriching educational quality for students -PE teacher could invite parent who works as a cardiologist to visit school or class to talk about how health is enhanced through exercise, weight management, and nutritional choices and how students specimens or models of diseased and healthy hearts to illustrate impact of different lifestyle and wellness choices -Such collabs not only supplement student ed with enriched info and experience abut also acknowledge and respect family knowledge, gives teachers insights into parental aspirations and expectations for children and enables teachers to learn more about student interest and motivations from these

How can one develop spatial awareness of pathway, energy, time , speed and force?

PE teachers can help student develop understanding and control of this first term by having them walk and run in a circle, zigzag pattern, serpentine pattern etc. They can also help student develop concepts of planes in space by having them move along circular, vertical or horizontal pathways -To help students understand different types of this required in different activities, they can have them perform short term, high intensity activities (Lifting weights, springing) and explain these use fast twitch/type /white muscle fibers. IN comparison to longer duration, lower intensity actives like distance running and biking and explain these use slow twitch/type 1/red muscle fibers. -PE teachers can have student run or perform other movement at different speed to understand the roles of this second and third term in movement and have them practice increasing and decreasing rates of movement to gain control over speed. -Finally PE teachers can teach students how these last three times interact during running as they must modify their stance and peak impact to change running.

How can one develop spatial concept of direction and level?

PE teachers can help students develop their understand this first concept by instructing them to move left and right, forward and back, up and down and diagonally in space. They may also prompt students to be aware of won kinesthetic feedback telling them in which direction they are moving. -Activities developing rotation skills also help children's awareness and control of directions in which they are turning. *the children train or car activity involving each child with their hands on the person shoulders in front of them is a great example of this and develops front Childs skill in controlling direction, and the back Childs skill in following directional changes* -Rotation actives involved explains moving in various direction, student may learn to fall sideways in both directions. PE teachers can direct students to notice high middle or low levels of bodies and body parts during movements. When teaching how to land safely from falls by rolling sideways, Teachers can have student practice with falling from different levels.

How can instruction and assessment carry out via tech?

PE teachers can use apps like GradeBookPro for assessment, attendance and classroom management -They can call roll, monitor day to day student behavior during PE, enter specific notes about ind. student sand classes, assign student grades and track multiple classes, terms, quarters and semesters -The devices storage capacity is only limit to info on app can accommodate -It offset standard and weighted grading systems, lets teachers email students current attendance and grade status, and easily produces student and class report -Teachers can copy assignments and students between and among classes, photograph ind. students with device cameras at beginning of year or class, add photots to student files and learn student names in a timelier way -This also greatly speeds up taking attendance as teachers use on button to mark all student present and simply tap absent students names -Teachers record calling roll for 40 student class in 30 sec -Generating new assignments and entering graders are equally quick and easy -Tapping student name display single page data on absence dates, ind. assignments and course percentage data and end off course grade disputes *Teachers say this app enable them to use most of time teaching*

How can a PE instructor make modifications to instructional goals?

PE teachers may initially set certain of these for student but then encounter challenges in forms of variable sushi as students physical abates, cognitive abilities, different learning styles, different developmental levels and diverse and specific student interest -Good teachers will have flexibility and judgment to modify the goals to address these and other variable and expertise to modify teaching strategies to be congruent with new or revised goals

What is peer assessment?

PE teachers must give students clear instruction about these before letting student conduct them -Students can use rubrics, rating scales or checklist to obtain criteria to judge their classmates or teammates progress in PE -Students must focus on criteria to assess peers -This attention to requirements develops observations skills -PE teachers must teach the observational process for students to make effective peer assessments -For grades 6-8 partners can complete basketball assessment checklists and skill can include set shots, balancing ball, eyes on target, knees bent, limb extension when shooting, follow through, lay up technique, chest and bounce passing technique, Against wall, and dribbling technique -One checklist can have two columns on either side of these skills one for each partner

How can one help students acquire motor skills?

PE teachers not only need to know the process of motor development but also need to understand the principles whereby their students learn and transfer new info to progress in learning motor skill sand refining them. -Instruction and practice are critical, without these the extent of Childs motor skill development is determined by natural talents and abilities. But when PE Teachers give students structure, frequent practice, their motor skill development improves. -Student self assessment may be seen as a helpful tool that can have a powerful impact in regards to motor skill development. When PE teachers require students to assess their own abilities and skills, students are encouraged to reflect about current levels of skill and become more motivated to advance levels and assume control over development processes. -Observational learning is a key in PE as students learn motor skills more easily by observing correct performance demonstrated by teachers as they follow verbal direction. It is easier to reproduce physical movements we see than image and produce from what is heard.

How can one plan effective class behavior management?

PE teachers should get to know every single student as assign as they can sas a means of developing rapport with students and classes -Teacher should near unique fact about each student and greet each student by name as they arrive to class daily as this will demo teacher recognition and interest for every ind. -Teachers should establish all class routine and procedures and these should not exceed 5 -Teachers should enforce expectations consistently and these expectations should not focus on negative as in what teachers want students not to do but on positive as what teachers want students to do -Expectations should be copied in lower room or on bulletin board of classroom

What are some effective behavior management techniques?

PE teachers should make Sure gyms I prepared in advance before class -They should not set up equipment in presence of student but they can enlist willing students to help set up equipment in mornings before school -PE teachers should support effective of this by putting agendas on paper and posting them on board before class -They should also hold students accountable for checking days agent and intimating assigned learning experiences -PE teachers hold train students always to look at board before asking what they are doing -Another technique is to use high activity roll call taking strategies rather than letting students remain inactive while taking attendance as inactivity encourages misbehavior and allows students to forget point of PE class -Another technique is to use time limits when transitioning.

How can one promote a productive learning environment?

PE teachers should purposefully design situations and actives that help students develop social skills for cooperation, collaboration, competition and sportsman ship rather than leaving these only for teachable moments or assuming they are learned incidentally -They must take advantage of strategies including peer teaching, group work, letting students choose equipment and involving students in making rules -PE class sizes should be similar to other subject classes teachers should not regularly combine classes with one supervision doubled class while other does something else -Teacher must closely motor students for safety rather then leaving them unsupervised periodically or position themselves without views of all students -They should create this including support all children regardless of diverse abilities and characteristics not preferential to skilled athletes -Teachers should include culturally diverse activities not exclusively teach American team sports and challenge students of all developmental ability levels including those with disabilities, not allowing highly skilled students to dominate. -Socialization, support and encouragement should e equal between genders without identifying certain actives with boys or girls as teachers should use gender neutral language.

How can one improve teaching practices?

PE teachers use what they learn from PD experiences for construction communication with colleagues to establish reflective leaning communities and productive professional networks and to collaborate with them for improving teaching practices used in schools -They work together to analyze teaching practice in ind. classroom and school wide which can also be extended to district wide initiatives -Best PD simultaneously improves teachers personal knowledge, abilities and skills and those of their colleagues. -This reciprocal support that PD affords within flourishing learning environments is quality that exemplary PE teachers appreciate -To refine elects of instructional practices, they solicit mentorship -PE teachers also serve as mentor for colleagues

What is reflection?

PE teachers who engage in self of this realize own perspectives and biases relative to their students -They employ rigorous introspective practices to consider these matters as well as the environmental, physical, cognitive, emotional and social variables that influence performance of students -Effective PE teachers are skilled not only at self reflection but also at observing personalities, dispositions and behaviors of their students -They are able to gain insights into student motivation and needs and understanding these in how to enhance the way that students learn -Another benefit of this is that it enables PE teachers to comprehend such important info as school demographics, class dynamics and student abilities and needs and to consider these data in context -Successful PE teachers assess each aspect of every class, which enables them to prepare lessons that re culturally sensitive, relevant and meaning fun to students and deliberately connected to outcomes for students

What is the pursuit of professional development?

PE teachers who max effectiveness by continually seeking PD play roles of leaders, collaborators and learner sin discipline -In. order to meet students needs more competently and immediately, they analyze own development as educators critically and cultivate own growth as lifelong learners -As they gain experience and knowledge through PD they demo leadership by applying learning in work with students, professional networks, schools and communities -They also aptly learning they Gian in implementing staff development for colleagues and selves -They participate actively in cross curiclular teams and subject matter study groups -PE teachers fulfill role of intellectual leader sin filed by disseminating pertinent info school wide or district wide to optimize students learning -PE teacher can share researhc data showing how PA enhances academic peromfance with colleagues and collaborate iwth them to plan activies that imrpove student ahcievment across curriculum

What are responsible behaviors?

PRE-K/K students: may be expected to show cohniserino of and cooperation with others such as taking turns and sharing to max activity times Grades 1-2: may be expected to show good fitness partnership behaviors, cooperation, willingness to work with any partner, and giving encouragment -Grades 3-5: may be expected to show respect by avoiding put down senocuraign peers and communicating respectfully wit students having similar and different fitness or skill levels and to identify and epxiernece diverse cultures, physical habit sna activites Gades 6-8: may be expected to demo sensitivity and repscte for other feelings when participate in fitness activities with students having different cultures, skills, abilities and genders and to analyze how health behavior is both challenged and enriched by cultural diversity Grades 9-12: may be expected to apriticapte with and invite others to PA irrespective of different culture backgrounds, abilities, skills and limitations and analyze how developing appreciation of physical, gender, ethnic and culture diversity is influenced by sport aprticiatipn *Higher education students may be expected to invite family member snad friends to participate in PA*

What are the physical benefit snad effects of Recreational activities?

Participating in this can enhance ind. physical health and wellness. This is especially true of participation in outdoor of these. People who are often active in this offered at state parks are found to make fewer visits to the doctor, have lower BMIs and lower systolic blood pressure than people who are not active in such activities. Moreover, these actives constitute some of the best opportunities for people to increase amounts of exercise received in addition to amounts of PA in which people participate in community which is directly influenced by how many of these facilities are available int he area -The relationship between physical and mental health is reciprocal, not only does physical wellness promote better health, but mental wellness also can have impact on physical well being. When people participate in these actives it gives them a sense of control over how they spend their time. -This is important to busy people who often feel overwhelmed by all obligations to be met. It also offers relief from those required duties in a form of having fun instead of only doing things they have to do. These give people the opportunities to achieve balance in lives and helps ind. manage stress more effectively as they deacrease systems of depression. Parents benefit children by participating in these as they model health ways of managing emotions and addressing stress for them. *By remembering past outdoor one of these can elevate ones mood*

What are some deficiencies in nutrition and PA?

Physical inactive and poor diet are major causes of chronic non communicable diseases form which thousand sot people die every ehyar -In addition to deaths, disabilities caused by strokes, obesity, diabetes and osteoporosis are results of improper nutrition and sedentary lifestyles. -People who are inactive physically have nearly twice the probability of developing health disease as people who are active regular which makes physical inactivity approach high blood pressure, high cholesterol or smoking cigs a risk factor for heart disease. -However this is more prevalent.

What are video recordings and why are they helpful?

Physical moments are much more difficult to teach by simply describing them verbally. u much easier to teach by demonstration physically to students so the action the teacher wants the students perform may best seen before done. -Demos not only show which moments to perform and in what sequence, but also illustrate correct form and technique. -When no student in group has ever done action before, PE teachers is obvious choice to demo. -Instead of having to demo same movements over and over, teachers can make these of him or herself demoing the movement of achievement and play this for the students -IN addition to relieving teachers of unnecessary repeated exertion this can capture and ideal demo, eliminating variations among live reps and possibility of inferior demo when coach has off day -They can also be played by sub or student teacher in event of teach r or coach absence -When student displays exemplary technique, teacher can make this with student and parent permission for other students to view enabling them to relate to peer demo. -These provide exactly what happened at certain times and places and can be valuable for class management. -Some PE teachers and coaches might choose to do this with their classes or sessions routinely for purpose of video evidence, similar to way surveillance cameras keep record sin business, public and residential locations as security measures. -These can also be used to help teach self observation and self assessment skills to younger children, cognitively limited students and high school students -Students who have never viewed own performance techniques or interpersonal behaviors are often supers to see how they must appear to others by watching this. -This feedback can be used to instruct students to change inconsiderate or aggressive behavior, and adopt more pro social behavior, correct athletic techniques and learn more effective conflict resolution methods

What is some primary safety equipment in the three sports of football, baseball and hockey?

Players need heavy shoulder, chest and elbow pads to protect them from body contact injuries. Helmets are inoperative to prevent head and brain injuries form collisions and blows. IT is also rewired for players to wear knee and swing guards; PE teachers should have students follow this practice -Thids does not require body contact through hitting or tackling, however because it involves swimming hard bats and hitting and throwing balls which become projectile, players must wear helmets to protect against head injury. -THese players use angled wonder sticks, which can cause injury. Thes players use small, dense, hard rubber puck with can be very injurious if striking player. Helmets, neck guards, shoulder and chest pads, elbow and forearm pads and shin guards are all included plus heel guards on skates. Mouth guards are recommended in the first and third sports to protect players from lost and broken teeth

What is substance abuse and classroom performance?

Poor academic performance is far likelier in students using these, according to U.S administration -When student study the days before an in class test or assignment and the do these that night before class they often forget went they studied having negative impact on grades. -When student develops addictions to these obtaining and using them takes precedence over school performance -This can lead to neglecting homework, skipping class and falling behind in school -When these patterns are repeated chronically, school suspension and or expulsion can be outcome -IN addition some of these can trigger violet behavior also leading to suspension or expulsion -Abusing these and many others can cause physical violence against peer snd rebellion against teachers

What is professional and personal growth?

Practices of good PE teachers are very reflective. -They show their dedication to their profession by perfecting their own expertise and behaviors to max support of education for all students -Impacts that PE teachers have on students and schools and how they think about their instructional strategies, techniques and overall teaching are changed by this. -Good PE teachers pursuit of these is informed by own goals for results based on solid research evidence, introspective analysis and discovery and interaction -PE teachers realize that to continue improving instruction and to be more effective, they must continually refine pedagogical techniques, skills and knowledge -They use their professional needs and personal ambitions as basis of visions for growth -To realize this visions, they expand district and school expectations -To further growth, good PE teachers are committed to developing well defined challenging professional development plans. Realizing the ongoing nature of growth process they are proactive by often initiating opportunities for PD.

What are some national PE and sports organization definitions?

Quality PE: developmentally and instructionally appropariet for actual children involved. it is defined as acknowledging changing abilities of children for moving and promoting those changes Developmentally appropriate pE programs: Defined as addressing developmental states, body size, age, fitness levels, previous experience with movement and other various ind. student characteristics Instructionally appropriate education: Including both research based and experience based best known practice in programs that give all children maximal opportunities to learn and succeed . *it is defined that as a result of a PE program that is both developmentally and instructionally apporpiarte as physically educated, becomes an ind. who is also physically educated*

What are the PE competencies for grades 9-12?

Recognize erosional strengths and weaknesses and develop strategies accordingly. Give partners and groups cirircal, specific feedback to improve skills and efficiency. Describe body movements using advanced terminology. Identify similar skills in different actives. Apply pace concepts aplicicably inv varied actives. Recognize similar uses of space among different advanced activities. Apply balance skills in various actives. Demo competency choosing and performing skill sin several new actives. Choose plat from and apply knowledge and skill proficiently in 2 different kinds of sports or physical activities. Regularly participate in PA to attain and maintain personal activity goals. Assess, refine maintain comprehensive personal fitness plans based on nationally accepted assessment. Adjust activities according to knowledge of physiological effects. Analyze characteristics of sports and activities. Persevere to achieve higher performance levels. Anticipate and correct potentially dangerous outcomes. Evaluate comp. by quality, not result. Show self discipline and self direction. Respect feedback and revise actions. Develop leading and following skills and include diverse others as well as helping others

What are some PA outside of school?

Running promotes cardiovascular fitness and endurance -For student who do not experience joint problems or impact injuries it cal also dissipate excess energy, enhance self confidence improve mood and sleep and promote halter eating habits -Athletic apparel manufacturer nike also provides resources for youth and adults -A popular activity among many student sis skateboarding and nike offered skateboarding site with products and apple device application, Nike SB app for learning tricks, playing games, participating in challenges with professionals and friends globally and charting personal skate history and progress -For student living in or able to travel to applicable locations, skiing is both fun and challenging as outdoor PA -Another sport popular with man students is soccer which includes a resource as AYSO -Swimming is enjoyable and proves overall conditioning with no joint stress, some school slack pools or some student want to swim in addition to school swim teams or PE classes -Walking should never be overlooked as PA moreover some students may be interested in hiking

How can one assess students with disabilities?

School must choose and administer assessments without racial or cultural discrimination and supply and administer these in language and form most likely to give accurate info about student developmental, functional and academic knowledge and abilities -These must e sued on ly for same purpose fro height hey have been found valid and reliable -Personal with adequate knowledge and training must administer each of these and this must adherer to any instructions included by producer or publisher -Students should be this in all areas where disabilities are suspected and these strategies and tool utilized should supply pertinent info that directly aids educates in define student educational needs -Results from non referenced or criterion referenced of these should be combined with observational made with in performance environment -Rather than only measure disability these should also measure ability and describe student strength and needs -Tests measuring physical fitness or motor skill performance should not discriminate based on disability and students with verbal learning disabilities need visual demos and cues added to verbal instructions to perform at ability levels -Formal standardized tests that do not permit student sot demo strengths and needs are considered inappropriate

What grades are included in the skills of throwing, catching and rolling?

Second graders: should catch small soft tennis/yarm ball sat peak, self tossed above head, how balls against walls from or ugly 8 feet away and catch them before they bounce and underhand toss small balls with correct from and accuracy to targets or partners form 15 feet. Third graders: should demo correct form in two handed overhand/soccer throw, pass balls to slowly moving partner using chest and bounce passes, catch balls while slowly traveling and overhand throw small balls using correct form to partners and targets from 20f t Fourth graders: Should dhow and catch footballs, frisbees, and other sport specific balls or objects with correct from, consistently scoop up rolled balls with hands using mature form, moving laterally to get ahed of ball and play keep away and other small sided low level throwing catching games Fifth Graders: should throw and catch footballs, basketballs, and other sport specific balls witting kill combinations and throw lead passes including chest bounce, overhand, underhand to moving teammates with mature form and accuracy Sixth graders: should accurately throw and catch footballs, basketballs and other sport balls to and form partner sin dynamic situations with mature form and advance balls down playing areas passing back and forth in small sided games

What are some living strategies?

Self care enables better coping when encountering challenges as endorphins are released not only by physical exercise and activity but also by following: -helping or positively affecting others which enhances self esteem; practicing self control and discipline which counters negative ideas, helplessness and despair and promotes hope, discovering and learning new things, enjoying nature, enjoying art, and consciously avoiding absorption in mental habits like excessive worrying or negative throughs about toward and/or oneself.

How is media related to tech in PE?

Shape America.org is the society of health and physical educators, a noon profit and largest professional organization devoted to PE, sports, school health, dance, PA and healthy active lifestyles -ITs mission is to offer coordinated , comprehensive programs, resources and support to improve teacher and practitioner skills to further professional practice and research -Journal of physical ed recreation and dance which coverers broad range of articles focused on topics including use of tech in PE -Recent articles have included enabling apps for giving students feedback, recording performances, constructing better online written test and assisting students with self analysis and peer analysis

When and how does energy get to the muscles?

Short term (10 seconds or less), high intently, explosive exercise recruits galactic ( not producing lactic acid) anaerobic (not using oxygen) energy system. Also called the ATP-PCR or phosphates energy system, this is first accessed for exercise and uses ATP stored in muscles and then rephosphorilizes the resulting ADP via phosphocreatine. This stops supplying energy when PCR is depleted until muscle shave rested and regenerated PCr. High intensity energy system for 90 seconds or lessees lactic anaerobic energy system and it functions when galactic anaerobic lactic acid is depleted and the aerobic system cannot handle exercise intensity demands. It produces lactic acid as byproduct in muscles but does not use oxygen. Directly accesses cellular respiration to convert food energy to supply ATP. Continuous/long term, lower intensity aerobic exercise access the aerobic energy system, which depend upon how efficiently oxygen can be sent to and processed by muscles, also recruits cellular respiration to get ATP from food energy, however oxygen is available to muscles so no lactic acid is produced

What is the muscular system?

Skeletal muscles are used in voluntary body movement and are wrapped in several layers of connective tissue, which join to form tendons attaching to bones -Tendons: extend connective tissue around muscle giving ind. muscle fibers support and stability -Ligaments: connect bones at joints and exercise is through to strengthen ligaments. _Tendons and ligaments combined with muscle and skin elasticity and joint structure detmeurine flexibility which can be enhanced through stretching exercises* -Type 1/red/slow twitch muscle fibers: Needed for endurance actives like long distance running and cycling and need more AEROBIC ENERGY -Type 2/white/fast twitch muscle fibers need less oxygen and are used in short term , max force exertion like spinning, jumping and weight lifting. Type 2 is used first then Type 1 is used if needed Muscle fibers are always activated in groups called motor untis which include motor neurons.

What are the major human body systems?

Skeletal system: provides body structural framework of bones to support it, protects soft vital organs from harm, collaborates with muscles to produce body movement, stores calcium in bones and produces red blood cells in bone marrow. -Integumentary system: includes hair, nails and especially skin which is Boyds largest sensory organ as it provides tactile sensation including pain, heat, cold, pressure and pleasure and also regulated loss of blood and other fluids, synthesized vitamin D and protects deeper tissues -Muscular system: Includes all muscles in body and enables body to move with support and cooperation from skeletal system. Head, neck, chest, back and heart. Maintains body posture, created body movements with support of bones, generates heat, and consumes energy. -Immune system: Includes white blood cells, tonsils, adenoids, thymus and spleen. Composed of parts of many systems including parts of lymphatic, CV, and respiratory, gastrointestinal...Works to protect and defend Body against disease organisms and other foreign elements.

What is the frequency of feedback to students?

Skill development does not require greater of this, practice without external of this can be more effective than with it -This forcers learners to attend to more internal for this and problem solve more independently -Also overly of this can engender student or athlete dependency on external. -Such momentary corrections preclude stable performance, preventing players for learning about relationships between actions and outcomes -Upon external cessation player performance tends to regress to earlier levels -Teachers and coaches can decrease this whenever they observe students or athletes gaining proficiency. This can be early practice with simpler skills and techniques and once they show enough consistency with complex skill and technique -If performance declines this can be raised temporarily until it improves as this supersedes quantity -*Beginners need general idea, more precision is indicated for advanced athletes fine tuning*

What is relative availability of resources?

Smaller PE class sizes and student teacher ratios improve student safety, activity levels, and learning as well as how much time student participate in PE. -Larger class sizes and student teacher ratios correlate with decreased pA by students -IN schools with tough teacher teaching only PE and no other subjects students receive more PE weekly as study activity levels and physical fitness knowledge correctly a positively with numbers of available qualified PE teachers -Teachers having to theca both PE and other subjects give shorter lessons with less PA. -Material and curricular resources affect PA during PE classes directly influencing how much of class includes student engagement in moderate to vigorous PA. -Access to safe, appropriate, well maintained, aesthetically applying facilitates and environments also enhance PA. -If one is to have enough exercise and equipment suitable for students sizes in good condition, this will also affect ways of PE class

How does softball compare to baseball?

Softball uses smaller infield and larger ball. Main rule differences form baseball are that in softball , pitching must be underhand and regulation softball games have seven innings rather than nine as baseball does. Softballs are 3 inches bigger than baseballs and infields have basses 30 less feet apart rather then in baseball. Two type of softball pitches, slow pitch and fast pitch Slow pitch: Kind most often played, has 10 players per team and uses ball agreer than usual 12 inches. This requires pitcher to throw ball at arching path and does not allow bunting ball or stealing bases Fast pitching: 9 players per team and requires faster pitching than slow pitch and also permits bunting and staling as baseball does. *IN both types of pitching, underhand pitch is REQUIRED*

What are lifetime actives and recreational pursuits?

Some HS not only include Lifetime wellness in PE departments but require students to complete year of lifetime wellness courses as well a year of PE courses to graduate -Such school identify programs primary goal or objective as ensuring that students become health literate ind. and define health literacy as characterizing person who has critical thinking and problem solving skills as self directed learned who communicates effectively and is productive responsible citizen -These types of programs offer students ideas for wisely utilizing leisure time, help to acquire useful physical skills while developing positive self images and self confidence and exposes them to broad range of PA in which they Weill be able to participate throughout lives -Some schools that espouse lifetime wellness take holistic approach tohelath and lifetime PA as they embrace totally wellness encompassing ind physical, mental, emotional and social well being. -They teach classes that give students foundations of knowledge about health and wellness practices and issues

What is substance abuse and general behavior

Some aspect of the effect of this on student behavior include changes from typical behavior to opposite -These can lower users inhibitions temporarily which can cause behavior of typically introverted student to change suddenly to extroverted behavior -Adolescents who do not acknowledge introversion as personality trait but view it as hindrance to social acceptance and popularity may see such thing s as solution and repeat use as self medication which can lead to addiction -ON other hand some students who have typically display extroverted and sociable behavior and begin this can develop introverted behaviors -Common symptom of these is social withdrawal where tens lose interest in usual actives, avoid interacting with friends and isolate selves

What are some warning signals?

Some behaviors, feelings or thoughts to pay attention to as signals to seek professional health for emotional or mental health problems include: -Unable to sleep recurrently. Feel discouraged, sad, helpless or hopeless majority of time. One has trouble concentrating, such that it interferes with work and/or life at home. One is using food, tobacco, alcohol or other drugs to cope with problematic emotions. One is having negative or self destructive thoughts or fears cannot control. One thinks more then that normal about threats and. dying. One has thoughts of suicide. If one consistently works to improve mental and emotional health without success this is reason to pursue professional Heath -Natural human social orientation makes us amenable to input from caring, knowledgeable professionals. Their knowledge, tarring, experience, expertise, perspective, techniques, advice and counsel can help us do things we could not do on our own to help selves.

How can one determine support for those with disabilities?

Some best practices are to use assessment data to determine fi student requires this for PE and the amount of this needed for student to succeed in general PE -This can include curricula or instructional accommodations -TO detmeurine least restrict most appropriate PE placement, educators should consider rolling: -Results of ecologically based comprehensive motor and physical assessment made by PE teacher qualified in APE and certified by schools stat department of ed or other designated according organization, students ind psychomotor, cognitive and affective characteristics that would influence student capability for safely , successfully participating in general PE and students capacity for benefiting from APE program which includes such factors as the students ability to comprehend cause and effect relationships, capacity for voluntary movement, ability to interact with other people and demo of emotional behaviors for benefiting from one on one instruction

How are movement and dance actives modified?

Some educators in the files state that inclusion is not difficult as coaching practices should not really chang in providing opportunities according to ind. students needs. -program competencies and strategies can be preserved while maintaining awareness of disabilities. -Teachers find it necessary to raise awareness and communicate social messages about inclusion before teaching technical elements of coaching students with disbaltitiets. -They advocate developing disability action plans in which there is funding for most actions plans -Educators should identify next step was requiring teacher or coach accreditation processes to incorporate mandatory training in inclusion management as they point out that high performance coaches do this routinely when they assign unevenly numbered teams and small sided games and focus on developing specific tactics, techniques and skills. -AN incisive approach is said to involve same practices but simply done for different purposes. *TREE acronym is to be sure as a principle for modification and challenge sports players according to individual ability.

How does one promote psychomotor learning?

Some instructional meths PE teachers can use to promote this include the take/reciprocal method. IN this technique, the teacher uses stations to integrate students learning of specific tasks into learning setup. Another is command/direct method. In this style the teacher center task instruction is utilized: The PE teacher gives students clear explanations of learning goals, explains skill sot be learned and then demonstrates these skills for students. The PE teachers then gives students Tim etc practice new skills. During practice, PE teachers can monitor progress frequently and regular. Another instruction method PE teachers can use to do this is contingency/contract approach. IN this type of instruction, the PE teacher offers specified rewards to students, which are contingent upon completion of the indicated tasks. This behavior method reinforces psychomotor behaviors and increase probability of student repeating them by rewarding behaviors.

What are challenges in the field of PE?

Some recent and current issues presenting these and cause emo concern for educator sin all subjects and school sin general includes lack of adequate resources, lack fo support for education from students parents, overly large class sizes, teacher turnout, student discipline problems, violence and drug abuse by students -These issue shave an impact on another issue that is found the most important of all: concern of educators for all students well being and health -These issues have same impact on PE as on other school subjects -ONe issue that currently presents greatest challenge to PE in k-12 schools is way that curriculum time for PE instruction and actives has been decreased. -Not only does this have direct negative impact on well being and health of student suit also poses threat for educators who are expect to balance academic subjects and accountability requirements with consideration of what is ideal for students education overall

What is perceived physical competence?

StUdent reasons for engaging gin PA includes motives are to enjoy it for fun and for how enhancing skill sand learning enable sense of accomplishment. Students perception of physical abilities frequently determines willingness to try new actives and keep participating., To develop this students must have chances to learn and practice without which they can develop negative attitudes regarding PA, decreasing future probability . Teaching Freq. requires specific numbers of trial setting time limit, inducing student to sacrifice quality of moment for completing required quantities. -Giving students certain durations for practice without specifying trial numbers enables focus on current form. Practice durations long enough to develop skill yet short though to sustain concentrated attention, preserve enthusiasm and motivation -Teacher should have students experiment while learning and perfect processes, and give them positive feedback desiccating what they did right technically instead of stressing product.

What are the 3 stages in the Stage training model?

Stage 1: developing baseline aerobic fitness at 65-75% of max heart rate, Gradually increasing intensity and duration up to 30 minutes 2-3 times a week Stage 2: Raising intensity to 65-85% of max heart rate/14-16 RPE or raising level of intensity from "challenging" to "difficult". Work to rest rations progress from 1:3-1:2, then 1:1, gradually inc interval duration Stage 3: Short, high intensity exercises alternating with active recovery at 65-95% of max heart rate/17-19 RPE or boosting intensity from difficult to impossible. Transition from stage 2-3 can take 2-3 months or more

What are personal fitness programs?

Statistics show that half of all people who embark on these abandon them within only 6 months of beginning. -There fore personal trainer recommend assorted techniques to adopt hat will increase likelihood of sticking what exercise program long enough to make it permanent lifestyle change and reap its benefits to health and well being -ONe technique is to identify best location for exercises. -Students housed also identify times with the most convenience and fewest distractions for exercising and the actives they enjoy most as moisture convenient and fun program is the more likely they are to continue it. *Starting this at overly high intensities and or durations predict dropout*

What is self assessment?

Student can record now progress by writing in. journal, keeping notes in notebook or recording info on index cards and submitting these to PE teacher throughout teaching and learning This is practical, quick method for PE teachers to gather info on student progress and relieves teachers of much extra work, this also engages students in own evaluation processes and allows students to communicate what they want to about their progress form own perspectives -PE teachers can give K-2 students student log form to complete for self assessing regular physical fitness activity which is a fun and creative way for young student sot categorize fitness activities and gives teachers assessment info.

What are cooperative games and actives and what are some examples?

Student must work together to discover solutions to different challenges presented by actives explains include active to develop communication skills, teamwork skills and problem solving skills. Ex: -Caterpillar riot: teams of 5-6 stand in line each waring hoop, hoops should touch, each team =caterppillar. goal is to collect as many from floor as possible by moving caterpillar forward. TO advance, rear player in each line steps into hoop of player ahed, picks up his or her empty hoop and passes it to front of line. Toxic waste: Teams of 4 students have one foam ball sitting not op of ringette ring with four jump ropes tied to it. Goal is students have to move topic waste, foam ball from one end of gym to other without touching the ball so students must utile ropes, if ball falls whichever team dropped it must return to staring line and start over. Astronaut: Involves running and dodging movement partner sand skills as it develops endurance, locomotor skills, non locomotor skills, and group cooperation. Only equipment is one balloon per child. TO play, select four children as astronauts and the rest are martinis, each astronaut has air supply, on teachers signal, Martinas chase the astronauts Thring to destroy their air supplies by popping the balloon, once all four balloons are popped Strat over with 4 different astronauts.

What is behivoaral development in grades 5-6?

Students in these grades soul dhow self confidence by identifying PE actives personally challenging to them, identifying skills needed to develop or refine personally to succeed and choosing and practicing specific skill needed to improve. -Can also demo safety for selves and others and rallying appropriate etiquette in specific sports and actives, avoiding excessive force to point of injury, helping up fallen opponents, not teasing teammates or classmates for being out of condition, not celebrating opponent mistakes, not arguing with every call made by referees, umpires or teachers, not insulting others, not denying fouls, avoiding inappropriate language, and shaking hands after contests -They should follow and help establish rules and procedures, show responsibility for own action sand capacity for receiving and providing honest feedback, show willingness to engage with others of different socio economic levels, contribute to positive gourd dynamic and show cooperation by encouraging and supporting classmates and teammates with different skill levels and abilities.

What is substance abuse and physical performance?

Students who do this demo higher probabilities of impaired of this during PE classes -They are also more likely to be low on energy, giving them both less motivation and less ability to engage in athletic or PA, less ability to continue even if they do begin PA and greater likelihood of tiring more quickly and giving up on or dropping out out of PA -This type fuse just before PE class can impair depth perception, interfering with students judgment of distances and hence imparting performance during team sports, track and field activities -This type of use before PE classes impairs student judgment as well as coordination and energy increasing accident and injury risk as well as poor performance -While students may excel in short term at activities requiring strength, speed form using these continued use of these has many side effects like high blood pressure, aggressive and violet behavior, acne, liver disorders and cancer.

How can APE improve historical practices?

Students with disabilities have often been excused for PE classes or assigned timekeeper, scorekeeper or other sedentary roles., This reinforced assumptions that person with disabilities must be physically passive and contributed to obesity and shorter lifespans for disabled ind. -THe gaol of over 50 percent moderate to vigorous PA equals regular PE goal. -Alternative active should not ver sedentary as educator should collab with others to develop active APE programs. This can modify PE actives to enable students with disabilities to engage successfully games, exercises and sports -Mainstreamed students can participate in APE within regular PE classes or in self contained classrooms -Teachers can provide ind. PE instruction within group settings -Teaching skills and actives should b differentiated for each students unique capabilities as much as possible -Students with disabilities may practice and demo functional physical fitness through alternative mans

What is reflection and assessment of instructional effectiveness?

Successful PE teachers use this not only to evaluate student performance, but also to reflect on how productive their teaching practices are -They monitor student progress and adjust their lesson and these as they find necessary to meet all students needs. -Good PE teachers apply info they obtain through assessment to create opportunities for optimal comprehension and knowledge that will further students learning -Any time that PE teacher discovered that the students are unable to perform given skill with correct from, or that they are not grasping given concept fully, teacher examines instructional process to find out which sequences or cues will help students to succeed in execution or comprehension -Hence the teacher practices contribute to raising these levels

What is accountability in PE?

THE NASPE has offered some guidelines in repose to differences in public opinion regarding he'd use of standardized testing to assess PE performance. -These guidelines include operational definition of a person who is physically educated and set of benchmarks for PE competency at each school grade level -NAPSE defines phycdially educated as being phyislclaly fit, being skilled in various PA, participating regularly in PA, being aware of benefits of PA, valuing contributions of PA to healthy lifestyle, being respectful of diversity, and being socially repsonsible in action and behavior. -However, degrees of specificity and direction necessary regarding standards and assessment sin PE still remain controversial topics -Recent trend in school programs as well as businesses is to use ht term wellness sin place of health and fitness -Although wellness generally represents optimum well being and health its definition has been widened to encompass mental, emotional. social, environmental, and spiritual wellbeing.

What is the relation between feedback and motor skills?

TO apply knowledge of concepts relate dots using this in teaching students new skills, PE teachers should begin by analyzing the skill they want to teach and should consider whether the skill will need verbal assistance -They should assess whether or not the environment can provide info to student about whether they are performing skill correctly. IF environment will give enough of this to students learning skill, PE Teachers may allow this to suffice rather than adding own. -PE teachers initially give performance related cues to students to instruct them in executing new skill and where sufficient environmental fo this occurs they can then let student learn from their own mistakes as they are practicing -Teachers should also help student to make critical evals of own performance -PE teachers should also understand that when teaching skills ewer students cannot view how they are perming relative to tasks and cannot see own body parts or when teaching more complex skill stye must provide student with this.

What is an ind. fitness plan?

TO asses ind. current status, define fitness goals, and identify what one is able or wiling to do to achieve them, identify the following, current age, indicators to current Body fat, and an index of current strength. -Define a fitness goal, define how soon you want or need to accomplish this goal, Define what one is able or willing to do, and identify what time frame may be set aside to achieve this goal. Nutritionally is one wiling to sub a few healthy for unhealthy foods or consistently avoid junk food and eat produce? *INd. should also identify their available exercise equipment and partners*

What is evaluation of instructional practices?

TO be most effective, PE teachers compare kinds of instruction their students require to teacher expertise and knowledge and determine if there are gaps between the two -To increase their potential for working most successfully with students they pursue professional development experiences according to whichever needs they have identified through comparing student needs with own prep -PE teachers realize that this is instrumental in achievement of lifelong professional and personal growth -They examine all aspects of teaching practices by utilizing various methods -PE teachers ensuring their own accountability to rigorous professional standards is supported by introspection. -TO support student success, PE teachers continually improve instructional practices through intentional of this.

What are some expert recommendations?

TO engage students in own learning, PE teachers should use approaches like cooperative landing method and peer assessment instead of direct instruction. -It is advised that teachers should not have to work harder than students -Another way to prevent behavior problems and delegate efforts while teaching responsibility to students is to assign management and leadership roles for capable students to perform, such as team captains, referees, equipment managers, squat leaders, warm up leaders and new student buddies -Another effective method is to hold students accountable for own behavior through combination of positive reinforcement for desired behaviors and consequences for undesired ones -PE teacher should also define formal rewards and consequences for students in advance and enforce them consistently, and when Disciplining students the teacher should talk to them as if their parents are directly behind them.

What are some Appropriate vs inappropriate PE practices?

TO establish productive learning Environment, PE teachers systematically plan, develop and sustain atmospheres of teacher and peer respect and support, emphasizing participate and learning. -Sarcasm or insults are unsafe and unsupportive chains student discomfort, embarrassment or humiliation. -Productive environments support all student development of positive self concept enabling them to try, fail and try Again without fear, teacher or peer criticism or harassment -These environments view more physically fit and skilled students as successful, ignoring and overlooking those who are less fit or skilled. -Intrinsic not extrinsic motivations are stressed guiding student responsibility for learning and behavior not fear of punishment -Teacher sure and promote exercise for fun, skill development dnhealth benefits not punishment. -Classroom management practices are consistent and fair not inconsistent unclear rules -Teachers immediately address bullying, atungint and other kinds of these student behaviors and comments firmly, not ignoring or overlooking them. -They actively teach safety and practice many plans not ignoring or permitting unsafe student practices. They match actives to ability levels not permitting aggressive behaviors *Updated CPR and ED certs and regular facility and equipment safety inspective are imperative*

What are the 3 different types of feedback?

Teacher feedback: Pe teachers give students task sheets clearly stain criteria, teachers circulate giving feedback: Advantages: stud tends can work independently, teachers can give ind. students specific feedback Disadvantage: giving all student feedback can be difficult. Teacher roles: planning tasks, providing feedback Student role: deciding exactly when , where and how to do task Peer feedback: The teachers give clear task criteria, grouping student to evaluate each others performance Advantages: teachers can cirulcat ehtorugh class, student slender through observing and analyzing other smovments, students develop social skills, all students get feedback DIsadvangtages: some students may be unable to give good feedback, tasks must be sufficiently clear for students to perform independtly Teacher roles: Planning tasks, supplying specific criteria for performing each skill, observing student cooperation and collaboration and feedback skills, availability as needed Student roles: Alternating between performing skill and providing criteria based feedback Self feedback: Student view video of and evaluate eown performance Advantages: greater student independence, students learn to analyze own movments Disadvantages: less skilled students may be unable to self analyzing correctly Teacher roles: determine student self assessment abilities and same in peer feedback Student roles: executing teacher planned tasks, self evaluating performances

What are warm ups and cool downs?

Teachers and coaches must teach students correct age appropriate procedures for doing this before movement activities and doing this afterwards -PE teachers hav been sued for negligence for neglecting proper of this -For risk management,ent, teachers and coaches must select activities appropriate to student level sot cognitive development, behavioral patterns and mental/ physical abilities -Teachers and coaches must possess skills and knowledge for safely teaching and supervising activies according to risk management guidelines. Generally if activity is not included in PE curriculum or official safety guidelines, teachers and coaches should first determine whether its educational value meets or supersedes entertainment value then submit proposal to school board for approval -If approved, officials, teachers and coaches must identify and minimize inherent risks in activity and coaches and teachers must instruct all students in moody contact techniques and skills, concussion safety lesson and head injury prevention principles -They must also require helmets and protective equipment as applicable to ensure that equipment is inspected before activities, practices and games -For outdoor activities they must assure parents know safety precautions for extreme wheaten, temps, humidity, air quality, uv rays, frostbite, dehydration and insets so one may develop safety protocols and precautions for lightning and communicate these to students/staff

What are some actives for throwing from ages 0-5?

Teachers can hang hoops form door frames or trees with rope fo young children to practice this as well as put hoops on floor or ground -Parents can develop these at home by having children do this with rolled socks into laundry hamper for baskets, when succeeded the child will take one step further away from the basket for the next one of these. -CHIldren can take turns doing this also with beanbags into holes and paper balls over a line or into a basket. -Rings may also be used by cutting old plastic food tubs and getting the child to put these on plastic bottles. -Coins may also be tossed onto paper or plastic plates on floor or ground -Children may also do this with a ball trying to knock stuffed animal off stool

What are some safety considerations for movement?

Teachers should instruct student sin this winton general and personal spaces and must teach skills in correct order -Games must include skills already taught and teachers should give actives needing no equipment at beginning of school year then introduce smaller equipment before mobile equipment like utility balls -Teachers soul instruct students in floor activities before using equipment and should define procedures and rules and give students practice in them -They must be informed about students with medical conditions that could affect participation -Markers must be designated away from walls as stages and walls cannot be used as end zones or turning points and students must always be supervised and never left alone in equipment rooms

What is a fitness app?

Tech advances today have enabled innovations in many ares of life and ed, including PF and PE. -Useful app to download free of charge is myfitnesspal -This helps users track exercise and diet as users can crate personal diet profiles because the app includes extensive food database which facilitates entering meal content -Users can also track how many calories they burn through exercise -This app offers forums where users can discuss progress, share info and tips , give each other support and motivation and collab with others -Users can review at end of day how many calories they burned and consumed, how much water they drank and even what percentages of food they ate were from protein, fat and carbs -Additional feature include diary, newsletter, articles and social networking to add friends with whom to diet and exercise -This syncs with Fitbit Digital fitness devices, Endomondo sports tracker app, numerous heart rate monitors and great many other apps and devices

What is enhanced PD?

Tech has greatly expanded opportunities for PE teachers to pursue this. -Through internet searches PE teachers can find professional organizations appropriate to degrees, certifications , areas of interest and desired avenues of advanced education and certification and join quickly and early online -Through websites they can also find local chapters in communities with scheduled meetings and events to attend. -PE teachers can study specific subjects online for advanced knowledge, degrees, and certificates without having to leave work to physically attend classes, seminars, workshops or conferences saving in person attendance for non work times -They can network online with fellow professionals and mentors nationwide and worldwide to share ideas, info and support -Tech offers automated test scoring, freeing up time for human activities like interpreting test scores to inform instruction, planning lessons and teaching -Teachers can use video of own instruction to analyze and improve teaching techniques -Numerous tablet and smartphone apps facilitate and simplify recording, playback and analysis

What do the sports Tennis, volleyball and golf have to do with these types of skills?

Tennis: involves these skills of running, waling, jumping over net at end of match. It involves the non of the by bending to pick up ball, stretching and twisting to prepare for serve, and stretching, bending leaning and twisting and reaching to return ball in volley. It uses manipulative skills for swinging racket tot hit ball when serving and returning. Volleyball: involves the skills of walking to take and rotate positions, and running to reach ball. The non of these by stretching, reaching, twisting and bending to reach ball in high and low position and manipulative skill of serving ball using first, spiking ball from above with balms of hands and hitting bball from below with fists Golf: uses these skills of walking and these non skills of twisting and turning to swing, bending to retrieve ball from up and manipulative skills of swimming club to hit ball, retrieving ball by hand and writing down scores.

What are the 3 types of terms that make up muscular endurance?

Term 1: Continuous tensions formed from this makes demand on muscles to be under continuous tension for extend amt. of time. Some continuous tensions actives appropriate include isometric muscle contractions., extremely slow muscle contraction, isolation exercises, compound exercises, beginning weight training and supervised mountain or wall climbing Term 2: The receptive dynamic contraction from of muscular endurance requires repeated muscle contraction over time. Some actives include running biking, swimming., rowing, skiing, weight training involve many reps and or supersets using same muscle Term 3: Prolonged, intense contraction with short rest period. This involves contractions for longer duration with brief recovery period between bouts. Activities include football, handball, ice hockey and weight tiring involving circuit trains, performing multiple sets of reps and performing variety of exercises to work out same muscle.

What is culturally relevant curriculum?

The NAPSE has indicated increasing importance for PE teacher prep to include cultural diversity in pedagogy -Less research is seen avalibel into culturally relevant PE. -TEacher practices did not become more culturally sensitive as realist of taking course sin multicultural educaiton -BUt factors like communicating with students having limited enlgilsh language proficiency, the local rlelvane of various PE actives and curricula including diverse reps and langue as challenges to PE teachers in attempting to design urban PE curricula that is also culturally relevant.

What are personal challenges and satisfaction?

The concept of personal beast can be more consistent twitch ind. excellence as it does not depend on caparison or differences with other students and teams. -Also it has been found that student with higher internal locus of control are more likely to maintain motivation to achieve more constantly across time, settings and situations than those with more external locus of control. -Students who strive to beat their own records compete with themselves, not others, thus changes or differences in opponents will not affect motivation or efforts -Based unloosing teams, students who achieve own personal physical activity goals experience satisfaction regardless of what others do

What is rhythmic movement?

The elements of rhythm include beat, duration, temp, accent, meter, phrase, rhythms, and polyrhythms. -Beat: is underlying pulse that can be heard and counted in muscle, percussion and this. -Duration: is length or span of time covered by beat. -Tempo: is speed or pace at which music and this proceeds from slow to fast and everything in between. -Accent: is additional emphasis on one or more beats. -Meter: is the organization/ time signature of music. -Musical phrase: is combo of beats which can be longer than single measure. Rhythms are ocmintations of beats which can one equal in duration/intervial or uneven mixing fast and slow beats and/or different durations. -Poly rhythms: multiple rhythms played simultaneously in layers

What are some adventure PE adaptations?

The foundation to these are core values adventure ed which include: emphasizing non-comp activities, participants sense of accomplishment for successfully completing specifically designed activity sequence, trust and cooperation fostered among co participants, communication participants exchange to attain goals, ability to implement actives at din. participant levels. combo of enhancing strength, coordination, flexibility and endurance while having fun, and fact that activities require participants to cooperate with nature, promoting better appreciation and respect for natural environment -These include allowing longer times to complete tasks, slowing activity paces, demo activities visually and verbally, employing paper partner assistance, simplifying steps , modifying body position, removing obstacles and distractions, increasing participation time by using stations, providing ramps, shortening course or activity distance and using signing gestures along with verbal instruction -Special and regular ed teachers must collaborate creatively to assess needs and find appropriate curriculum adaptation both enabling ind. succession and to attain school/organization and ind. student learning goals

What is music?

The most obvious use of this is accompanying dance movement and choreography shine most dances are choreographed to specific of this, however this has many other application sin PE activities. -When an activity is done to this it both prolonged the duration students can continue and helps them regulate speeds and intervals. -Motivation to intimate and continue aerobic exercise may be seen greatly enhanced by this with driving beats which also helps student control body movements and rhythms. -This facilitates precision in whole class, groups or team movements -Tempo directly accelerates movement for inc. speed and aerobic condition and slows movement for control and cool down phases -Teachers and coaches can define practice exercise parameters using this as they can have students or athletes compete however many of assigned action while this is playing. -This aid classroom management by stimulating movement and making actives more fun anditnersing for younger students as paying favorite songs also alleviates boredom and increase appeal for high school students

What is contribution to perception?

The process of absorbing, organizing and interpreting sensory input is multi-sensory , info from all senses contributes to a Childs motor behaviors in repose to input received. Developing infant motor behaviors includes control over eye movements to gaze at people and things and control over head movements. As motor competence develops, babies use perceptual info to choose which motor actions to perform, Reciprocally they get most of perceptual info through motor movements of eyes, arms hands and legs. Changes in size width and muscular strength and body fat from infancy to toddler hood present perceptual motor challenges as various actions are practiced.

What is leisure recreation?

The quality of life is improved by finding balance in lift and one important way people can find such balance is by allocating some of their time for this. IN addition, this is especially related to enhancing self esteem. People who participate regularly in the are more likely to report greater satisfaction with lives. Greater life satisfaction is implicated significantly -in better mental health and better mental health means better physical health. This also makes RT important in rehabilitation programs as this benefits to recovering addicts, psychiatric patients, seniors and children including better body function, improved cognitive function, stress management and accelerated healing from medical conditions.

What is significance of posture?

The role played by this is central. IN classical theory the gradual increase erectnessof babies postures as they progress in overcoming effects of gravity was a demo of growth of control over actions in central cortices. IN contemporary theories involving dynamic systems approaches and perception action relationships, the is equally important as actions biomechanics basis. Not only loco motor skill but manual skills all depend on having a stable base with this. In learning control over a new system with this, the first step is con-contraction of large muscle groups which enables focusing attention on movements goal directed aspects by freeing more resources. Movements initiated by co-contraction are energy inefficient. With practice babies learnt active muscles in sequence and take advance of inertia and gravity allowing much lesser exertion of muscular force.

What happens within the body during movement in physical activity?

The skeletal system gives our bodies structural framework. Bones interact with muscles falling body parts to move when muscle contract. Skill is bone that proxies Brian which regulates all body functions including movement. Vertebrae protect spinal cord in general during movement. Joints where bones meet contain sensory receptors that send info about body position to brain. Brian controls contractions of muscles to regulate positions of bones. Brain interest w/ CVS to regulate heart rate and blood pressure increasing here during PA. Baroreceptor in CVS send brain blood pressure info. Receptors in muscles send brain body position and movement info. Brain interacts with respiratory system, which controls breathing rates and monitor respiratory volume and blood gas levels. Respiratory system provides oxygen to and removes CO2 from blood during breathing, whose rate increase during exercise. Integumentary systems skin receptors send temp and other sensation info to brain. Autonomic nervous system controls sweat gland secretions and peripheral blood flow during this.

What does culture and media influence in relation to ones everyday physical lifestyle? What are some examples?

The type of cyber interaction one has today with others in regards to news, shopping and other online related actives has been found to have profound effects on individual and group perceptions and behaviors. For example: unrealistic body images -THe media has great power to influence peoples thoughts, beliefs and attitudes hence they are often wielded as effective tools for marking, public interest or other purposes. An additional consideration is that different ind. have different reactions to same imagery presented in media. Another effect of median on our bodies is the way that TV ads contribute to our obesity epidemic. Watching TTV itself also supports sedentary and inactive lifestyles.

What are the psychomotor, cognitive and affective domains?

These 3 domains are interrelated in PE which makes physical movement meaningful -This first domain is performance component whereby students acquire physical skills through environmental exploration -This second domain is knowledge component whereby students think and relate their experiences to learning This third domain is personal, emotional and social component whereby studetns interact with others developing sense of self and tohers -When students understand why their bodies function as they do through the second domain they begin to acquire skill competence through the first domain and learn to associate PA with positive feelings through he 3rd domain -IN the first domain developing competence in motor skill abilities is essence of Pe -IN second domain student are enabled to become more efficient at coming and learning through moving Through undertaking principles and concepts of movement -IN third domain student develop acceptable personal and social behaviors in PA contexts behaving responsibility as ind. and group members to afford productive learning environments

What are some after school intramural sports programs?

These are indoor sports and were confined to teams and ind. form specific schools or institutions however recent efforts to expand participation have widened definition to encompass dance, clubs, open gym days and other PA programs -After school of these are characterized by following main criteria -Student activities are voluntary -Regardless of PA all students have equal opportunities for participation -Students are given opportunities to participate in planning, organizing and administering age appropriate programs with qualified adult guidance and supervision -These are adjusted to be appropriate to student skill levels and ages -Adults and students how plan, organize and administer these events should always establish specific rules and regulations tonsure safety, fair play and equal opportunities for all participants -These activities may be non competitive or competitive -Sports participation improves or matins PF, develops social skills and enables students to extend PE experience -Community resources include boys and girls clubs, school community education departments local county and city govt parks and rec departments, YMCAs and YWCA and community, college, university, YMCA and commercial youth sports camps

What is diet and exercise?

These are interdependent. According to American council on exercise, only about 5 percent of people losing weight exclusively through diet mining the loss; Weight loss requires negative Vance of callers attained by either burning more clarions form exercising, eating ewer calories or combination of the two. Individual most successful in losing weight and maintaining weight loss exercise more and eat fewer calories than people who cannot lose energy before exercising, Afterward water, milk and ice rehydrate carbohydrates replenish energy and protein support muscle repair and growth. Nutritional experts recommend eating 15 percent of calories form protein, 55 percent from carbs and 30 percent form fat for optimal of this.

What are fundamental elementary motor skills?

These are learned in elementary school and include running, jumping vertically, leaping, dodging, kicking, overhand throwing, catching, ball bouncing, punting, forehand string, and two handed side arm striking. - Running, vertical jumping, kicking and catching should be introduced in kindergarten -Running, vertical jumping, catching should be mastered in 2nd grade, kicking in 3rd. -Overhand throwing, ball bounding, leaping, and dodging should be introduced in 1st grade. -Ball bouncing, leaping and dodging should be mastered in 3rd grade, overhand throwing in 4th grade -Punting, forehand striking, and two handed side arm striking should be introduced in 2nd grade. Punting should be mastered in 4th grade, forehand and two hand side arm strikes in 5th

What are some non locomotor skills?

These are motor skills that do onto involve moving among locations and involve little or no shifting of base of support and do not cause changes in position. Living weight or squeezing a ball are examples of this -Balancing, swaying, turning, twisting, and swinging are also examples Bending: is movement around joint between 2 body parts -Dodging: sharply avoiding person or object by leaning away or ducking Stretching: extending or hyper extending joints to straighten or lengthen body parts -Twisting: Rotates body or body parts around axis having stationary base Turning:Moving body through space in circle releasing base of support Swinging: involves circular or pendular movement below axis of body or body parts Swaying: like swimming but above axis Pushing: applying force against person or object to move ones body away or move person or object away Pulling: Exerting force to move people or ejects closer to ones body

What are external variables es affecting performance?

These are things outside selves over which we usually have little or no control over but which still have implants on physical performance. Weather in outdoor environments can have helpful or detrimental impacts on physical performance depending inactivity. Although ind. or team performance tis added by better equipment, there is also always chance of equipment malfunction fr failure. Teach is external variable gaining importance as develop and advances. -VIdeo and computer tech enables more precise and sophisticated analysis of sports and movement techniques. Computer tech also enhances equipment capabilities and use. IN sport other players constitute external variable as performance is affected by teammates and opponents. Poor teammate performance can interfere, good teammate performance and inspire. Poor or good opponent performance can make competing easier and less challenging or harder and more challenging. Decision made by refs or umpires and the officials are external factors that inc. or destroy motivation.

What are self management skills?

These enable self evaluating fitness and interpreting results, these also entail keeping records enabling viewing of ones behavior more objectively and accuratel and gauging progress towards goals. -Keeping progress records also promotes adhering to fitness plans and programs. -These skills supply info and feedback, help change beliefs, aid planning and goal setting and raise success probabilities. -Goal setting skills are particular important for beginners at behavior stage as they are establishing achievable, realistic, future objectives -These skills facilitate planning and feedback, build confidence, change attitude and beliefs and inc. enjoyment and success -Planning skills enable din dement design of fitness programs, reinforce mean, self confidence, success and enjoyment -Performance skills enhance competence, self confidence, attitudes, success and enjoyment

What is emotional and social development and what are some influencing factors?

These factors that affect this type of development specifically are intrinsic within the individual child. -Another category of facts influencing this type of development is family as some families contain risk factors. Substance abuse within family is a risk factor as well as violence and family poverty, -The third category of facts if enwviormenetal, children who life in communities that are unsafe, lacking in resources and/or deficient in policies to support families and children are at higher risk fo developmental problems with acquiring emotional competencies and/or social skills.

What are the rules and practices of soccer?

These feilds are rectangular with goal at each end. Thse types of teams have 11 players who score by kicking th ball into opposing teams goals. Some rules titular emit number of palfreys per team, commonly 7. Only goal keepers are looted to touch ball with arms and/or hands while in play and only in penalty areas. Goal posts =8 yheards apart. Outfielders allowed contact ball with head sand/or torsos in addition to feet. WHeicehver team scores more goals by end of game is winner. For tied scores, m draw is declared and there is plenty shootout or extra time is designated depending on format of comp. soccer has 17 game laws and the balls are 27-28 inches around weight 14-16 ounces and inflate dot pressures of 8.5-15.6. *Soccer/ association footballs highest governing body is FIFA which organizes World Cup every 4 years.*

What are some outdoor adventure activities? What does outdoor activity teach in terms of education?

These include mountain climbing, rafting, canoeing, kayaking, whitewater paddle boarding, sailing, driving powerboats, slackening, rope climbing, exploring mines, exploring caves, walking Lon distance foot baths, backpacking, hiking, running, jungle irks, expeditions through primary rainforests, nature hikes and walks, exploring wild areas in 4 wheel drive vehicles, and orienteering which involves navigation of wildness environment with compass and pat while also racing other to reach destination first. Some altruistically minded adventures combine adventure expeditions to other lands with team community service projects. IN addition o safety practices, instructors must also mentor, motivate and encourage learners, build confidence and self esteem and foster skills for teamwork, decision making and problem solving -Some of these course offered in this area include leadership, group dynamic, risk management, conflict management, expedition planning, execution and evaluation. -This affords background benefits of increasing physical, mental and spiritual health, perusal and social communication skills, sensory, aesthetic and spiritual awareness, sensitivity to ones own well being and ability to exercise personal control. This can also have planned benefit when providers or educators determine or negotiate these . - This also allows bonus benefits as well through incidental learning and greater than expected value which hilly supportive learning atmospheres enable.

What is substance abuse and interpersonal relationships?

These may initially be contributing factors to student substance use -Peer pressure: in social situations, peers use these and may urge other teens to join them and they do so to fit in with majority or to gain acceptance, approval or admiration -Student may also join friend in doing this as way of celebrating and partying together or of easing their social or intimate interactions -Teens using these socially as part of expiration and experimentation in forming personal identities may find shared substance use a common interest wit others -When one student does this and other does not they may find no other way to relate or basis for interaction or friendship and when student with pre exiting friendship or personal relationships doe this they may withdraw from relationship as procuring and do this more often as it takes precedence -Another effect of this is increasing conflict within personal relationships -Disagreements and fights become more common, both over one member doing this and due to dysfunctional behaviors that this causes

What is behavior and social development 9-12?

These student should show recognition of personal responsibility for ind wellness by demo they understand how personal traits, styles, preference sand performance change throughout life and apply understand to continually evolving fitness plans -They should also further achievement and maintenance of personal fitness goals through regular participation in suitable PA. -TO further self confidence and ind. success they should be able to analyze characteristics of physical and sports actives they personally find challenging, rewarding and enjoyable, the are high risk, competitive, ind, group, socially interactive, aesthetically satisfying. -Should also challenge selves in developing higher or new skill levels and demo perseverance in pursuing higher performance. -They may also demo ability to anticipate correct consequences form PA that are potentially dangerous in addition to appropriately interacting socially with others.

What is behavior development of grades 7-8?

These students housed demo personal responsibility for individual wellness by acquiring and identifying knowledge about connections among exercise, nutrition and fitness and apply knowledge in selection actives for improving and maintaining fitness goals -Should participate in lifelong and leisure sport or dance activities in and out of school to show they recognize importance of PA to personal wellness. -Should further ind self confidence and success through identifying how personal performance affected by attitude, energy and effort; set perusal goals fo rattling higher performance levels in challenging and new actives; and show positive attitudes about developing personal skills -They should show positive and supportive behavior to demo safety for self and others. As well as Appropriate social interactions demo responsibility

What is volleyball?

These teams have 6 players scoring points by grounding ball on opposing teams courtesy and extensive rules. Serves are form behind court rear boundary line with hand/ar over net. Receiving team must keep ball airborne within court and return it to serving teams court. Players can touch ball up to 3 times , one player cannot touch ball twice consecutively. Grounding the ball on opposite court is a kill, wining the rally for that team which gets a point and the serve beginning next rally. Team loses rlly by committing fault. Faults include: citing and throwing ball, double hit, four consecutive ball contacts by one team, making ball touch floor outside opponents court without learning net first, touching net (net foul) and crossing boundary line while serving (foot fault). -Common techniques used for this sport include spiking and blocking (requires vertical jump skill), setting, passing, offensive and defensive roles, and specialized player positions

What is Target (G, E and T)

This acronym represents Task, Authority, Recognition, Grouping, Evaluation and Timing. -For this teaching strategies include using toe to toe and other techniques to form groups quickly avoiding peer comparison and augmenting aspect of social interactions in PE environment by encouraging student to partner with different classmates often. -This second terms strategies include engaging students in self evals targeting self improvement involving student in evaluation processes, ensuring each students evaluation is prove, meaningful and specific -For this third terms strategies these include maximizing learning and practice time and own introducing competitive play too soon, helping student to make time ousted class to practice and be physically active and individualizing teaching and practices so all student shave time and motivation for practice.

What is adverbs on the move?

This activity combines looking up word meaning sin dictionary and finding synonyms and antonyms in thesaurus with practicing locomotor movements. -Teachers provide dictionary and a thesaurus, list of recently learned adverbs, 3 inch by 5 inch cards and pencil -Assessment is via observation and student verbal responses -Teachers give students cards each with adverb they have recently learned at top -Each student look sup synonym and antonym for his/her adverb and writes them below on their card -Student move carrying cards softly, quickly, heavily accordion got advertisements received -They stop on teacher signal each passing card to student next to them -ON teachers go signal, they repeat movement according to new adverb -Then teacher changes movement and prepares exercise -Teachers can vary adverbs for non locomotor movements and have students identify this in it and then make movements the adverb describes

What is substance abuse and overall health?

This by teens can affect their health in catastrophic ways including injuries form auto accidents caused by driving under influence -Alcohol abuse and intoxication are implicated in driving fatalities among adolescents -Many teens die from drug overdoses and other survive but suffer permanent health damage, including loss of teeth, skin damage, damage to jiver, lungs,, heart and kidney and destruction of blood supply to joints from long term abuse of this or certain fo these -This occurs at higher risk of dying from there accidents in addition to auto accidents as well as form drug induced illnesses, homicides and suicides -HIV/AIDS transmission throughs sharing needles for drug injections is another health impact -Adolescents doing this suffer impaired impulses control and judgment so they more often engage in risky behaviors exposing them to unprotected sex, leading to contracting STDS from infect partners and transmission of virus to infants from teenage mother during pregnancy or birth

What is the activity High school doubles badminton?

This can be taught using 2 teams. -IN front to back formation, one player responsible for front court, one for mid court and back court -This formation enables drop and smash shots making it offensive -Players recover and communicate centrally to their sides to prevent faults and optimize success -Teachers demo while explaining game format -For rally scoring, players must stay in front to back formation finish 10 hit rally before scoring points and rotate front and back positions after every point -Rotate team with more points up after every game -Cues include determine team strategy if students decided them is better at offense or defense, communicate or call court positions and shots to prevent faults, adjust partner moves or change court positions as partners move to strike, attack/defend, or attack via front to back and defend via side to side team formations -Target and trajectory cues include, Front, drop shot low trajectory and front court target, Back, smash shot has steep trajectory and mid court sideline target

What is weight training?

This can use measured weights, exercise bands, exercise balls or other distance gear. By exercising the musculoskeletal system, this type of training improves neurological control of muscle functions and enlarges muscle fibers. This promotes both muscular strength and endurance. Strength by inc. max force muscle contraction can produce and endurance by inc. max amt of weight on can lift repeatedly and/or the max number of reps one can lift the same weight. Cardiorespiratory endurance is not simply aerobic training as it requires overlaid, accessing both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems through circuit/interval/other training.

What is individual vs situational interest?

This describe s relative lasting psychological preference or predisposition of ind. to repeatedly engage with certain categories of events, ideas or objects over time. IT is specific to content involved and develops gradually and slows y and is stable. This also evolved in relation to ind. values and knowledge. As such this figures significantly into students preferences for engaging in certain actives or tasks over time and is predictive of future motivation. -This next one describe momentary affective responses generated bye environmental stimuli. These effects may be short term and its influence on ind value sand knowledge may be marginal. Appealing or specific environmental factors usually stimulate this which can potentially lead to turn interest. -Both of these influence learning and do not exist separately, they interact and influence each others devilment. Situational interest can help long term ind. interest to develop and strong ind. interest can enable ind. to respond to environmental situations than others lacking such interest.

What is emotional health?

This describes ind. overall psychological well being and incorporates person self esteem and person ability to manage his/her emotions and ability to cope with stress and problems as well as quality of ind. relationships. -These are analogous to physical health in sensory that just as we make conscious efforts to a maintain and build up physical health we must equally make conscious efforts to sustain or establish good of these -This is not simply absence of anxiety or depression or other mental health problems but the presence of positive attributes. -NOt merely absence of feeling bbad but presence of feeling goods some people may not experience overly negative feelings yet still necessary fo them to do things that afford them positive feelings to attain emotional and mental health.

What is the endomondo sports tracker

This enables users to vie stats for walking, running and biking including distance, remaining distance, speed, summaries, history, full training logs and graphs to set goals and targets, to get audio coach feedback, to analyze performance and to engage in social networking as well as sharing on social media for positive reinforcement to boost motivation -This apps both free and paid version -The premium version which is inexpensive, offers advanced stats, interval training with #tags, heart rate zones, weather info , personal best history, workout comparison, peer benchmarks, custom settings, ad free version, interactive graphs, personalized training plans, and VIP email support -Free version enables workouts and to manually monitor indoor workouts and includes pictures, tagging, multiple sport tracking, music and customization -This app is also compatible with myfitnesspal app, heart rate monitors and fitbit one device

What is flexibility and body comp?

This first appears to peak in the late teens/early 20s. Anatomically females are more of this than males. Aging related structural joint changes refuel this as tendons lose elasticity, ligaments fray, synovial fluid loses viscosity and cartilage cracks. However acording to research students people can maintain or increase their flexibility just by being active.At birth, average of this is 11 percent fat in boys and 14 percent in girls. Size and number of fat cells grow to 26 percent in boys and 28 percent in girls during first year of life. During puberty, girls experience greater increases in size and number of fat cells than boys. Only time fatty tissue decrease in early life is when bibles begin walking. While some adults lose fat with aging others gain fat with slowing metabolisms and muscle loss. PA and exercise cannot stop but can help manage age related fats, weight gain and muscle loss.

What is the presidents challenge and the fitness gram?

This first assessment assess and gives tusentd feedback about levels of fitness as it tests students using exercises including right angled pushups, pull-up, curl ups, endurance running and walking, v sit and reach and shuttle runs. This assessment teaches student lifelong fitness and health as well as integrating PA and healthy eating into every day life with more ambitious activity goals -This second test assess student levels of muscular strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility, endurance and body comp. This provides educators with choices of Paired test items to assess students using healthy fitness zone standards, separate summary, achievement, data sheet, tracking, stats info, and summary report forms as well as an activity log and modules to report test scores to students and parents and are also use din educating students, research studies and teacher education and prep.

What are standardized vs Authentic assessments?

This first term can provide comparison of learning a student demos to national to state average. These do this by providing norms of student that represents average of national or state student pop and can show in what position student ranks among other students in country or state. IN addition to achievement tests, these IQ tests can show student ability compared to averages high end and low end scores -Sub scales on IQ testing instruments additionally show relative student strengths and weaknesses in various areas -This second assessment can be individualized whereas this first assessment cannot. This indicates more on how student applies bilgy and knowledge and can also real veal more about ind. student unique qualities rather than achievement or IQ can

What are naturalistic observations vs structured observations?

This first term entails unobtrusively observing student performance as it typically occurs in usual daily setting -WHile this method has advantage of seeing realistic instances of typical student behaviors it has been criticized for allowing teachers judgments to be overly subjective -This second term provides alternative solution by applying opseicif criteria of which teacher and student are both informed to evaluate observed perfomrncae -This criterion reference has advantage of shifting observational assessment from four subjective to objective -Teacher max use rubric to provide criteria against which they peas rue student performance -These observations are particularly useful for assessing student motor skills, movement skills and social skills -Two methods of this are station approach and embedded assessment

Whta is fitness assessment data?

This furnishes students, teachers, parents and other stake holders with student fitness feedback. -comparing baseline to subsequent data enables PE teachers to monitor student progress -PE teachers can also use this to inform curriculum development decisions about which program content will best address students strengths and needs -Students can make use of their own of this to inform measurable goals set for personal fitness plans -PE teachers can use these to individualize and differentiate instruction for each student to help them achieve their goals -This can also e used motivationally as identifying skill improvements and attaining goals give students incentive to live active, healthy lives. -This also helps TE teachers conduct authentic fitness assessments as the results inform eh context for the curricula and actives planned -Student s may also comprehend reason for PE actives rather than assuming PE is simply playing games

What is school accountability?

This has become an increasing trend in educing requiring estsablismet of national standards and use of nationally tenderized assessment tests. -As in other subjects this is an issue of debate concern gPE -people who object to national PE testing do so on basis that to enjoy PA as adults, youth must be able to enjoy it as students -Motivation for lifelong anticipation in PA is not supported by standardized testing -On other hand people who agree with national PE testing find that it not only help students to judge progress according to national standards for competence inPE skills and pF but also that PE should be given same importance and be judge by same standards and assessment math, science, ELA, social students and other school subjects are

What is the principle of specificity?

This in exercise scions means one must exercise specific body part or muscles or sport movements and techniques that one want to improve. To strengthen upper body one must do exercise targeting upper body and same for lower body. The principle of adaptation means body adapts to exercise, so that with regular practice, certain actives become easier, To continue improving one must vary ones workouts with different training and/or routines. Body adjusts to demands made of it. -Adaptation also means body adapts to processes of executing specific tasks.

What are psychological factors that affect learning?

This includes readiness: these variables affecting ind. ability and interest for learning, motivation: intrinsic conditions of need and drives required for ind. to imitate goal directed activities, reinforcement: actions, behaviors and events positive or negative augmenting probability that ind, will repeat same persons and learning styles -IN cognitive stage of motor learning, learners understand Goal and nature of activity, and make first attempts including major errors -IN associative stage, learned practice to most of skill timing, error are more consistent and less numerous -IN autonomous stage, learner movements seem effortless and are well coordinated, errors are minimal and performance automaticity enables learners to redirect attention to other skill aspects *Peak athletic performance is enabled by optimal ind. arousal levels* -Attention ranges for narrow to wide and internal to external . -Attention flexibility is capacity for shifting voluntary and quickly among different attentional styles according to task demand -Anxiety affects performance by narrowing and internalizing focus, while PA reduces general or Nono competitive anxiety, just as pre competition warm ups reduce performance anxiety as well as prevent injury and enhance movement

What is professional growth?

This involves a process that consists of cycle of reflection, deliberating and acting -PE teachers reflect on instructional practices analyzing what do, how they do it and what they are not including -They consider what students need to learn and what they need for leaning in optimal ways -They compare their students needs with what they have been doing, identifying gaps between these -They deliberate to determine which approaches, elements and strategies they need to add in their instruction to meet students educational needs most completely -BY participation gin professional and educational groups and interactions, PE teachers can stay up to date and informed of newest scholarship and research results and can also acquire new, additional. and more indent info and skills through such participation -They can exchange ideas with colleagues, collaborate with them and enhance quality of learning communities -By forming partnerships with others, they both inspire others sense of initiative and develop own self confidence -BY functioning as role modes and advocates, PE teachers demo achievement and professional integrity, both within their discipline and throughout wider educational communities

What is spatial awareness?

This involves consciousness of and decisions about changes in object position s within 3 dimensional space. Sequence of developing this has 2 phases: 1. Recognizing object location in space relative to ones own body 2. Locating multiple objects in spacer relative to each other, independent of ones body -PE teachers can apply concept of this to class actives by instruction students to move towards and away from , behind or in front of, over or under, next to, inside and outside various object.s. PE teachers can assess student body of this by observing them play Simon says, asking them to touch body parts, make shapes with bodies and fit them into variously sized spaces. Finally, they can enhance body awareness by having children touch one body part to another...

How can one fall sideways?

This involves movement concept or skill of rolling for safety landing after falling form various levels. First students fall from kneeling sideways, rocking onto arm, side and shoulder, they should try this in both directions. -Then they roll down wedge to practice falling down slope, while moving they fall roll then stand up and keep moving -This begins with walking, inc/ speed gradually to jogging then running and then with dodging -Students can pair up shake hands in front support position then try to pull each other off balance -In tip the spider one partner in pair on all fours is sportier as other partner tips spider onto his/her side by pushing on his/her closer shoulder while pulling on his/her opposite hand -Teachers should look for straight arms, hands facing inward to body and even soft surfaces as they can also students when they might use this kind of landing and what to do to land safely when falling sideways

What is fair pay?

This is a universal standard thus when students learn sports in PE classes and actives, they are held to the same standards that adult athletes are to behave fairly by following established rules of game, not cheating by break rules and treating peers this way by not taking advantage of weaknesses, unfairly exploiting strengths or making fun of shortcoming or difficulties -Sports have structures and rules to promote this as playing sprouts can help young students learn to be this in behavior -When students play team sports or games in PE they must delve and refine skills of cooperating with others as went they respect and listen to others, help others participate and work jointly as team , they develop cooperative skills enhancing social interactions outside of PE activities and into their everyday lives

What are food calories?

This is also called a dietary caller, nutritional calorie, kilogram calorie or large calorie and equals approximate amoutn of energy required to increase temp of one kilogram of water by one degree celsius. Because energy reduces heat, we described burning calories. Foods have calories also known as potential energy. When we digest food, build and repair Boyd class, engage in PA and use our brains we expend energy or burn calories. When people or animals ingest more calories than they expend surplus calories ntot used get stored as body fat, When one expends more calories than one eats, initially the body burns fat for fuel resulting weight loss. When no extra fat exists the body metabolizes muscle for protein and energy causing muscle wasting.

What is general and specific feedback?

This is also called descriptive feedback while this is also called perspective feedback. -This can be socially reinforcing but usually too vaguer to inform student improvement. When one is to praise a student but does too specify what the student did what was good, neither do they convey what else student could to do improve is considered this type of feedback -This feedback they'll students specifically that they are doing or should do, which gives both positive reinforcement and specific info about that student did correctly. -To correct or improve student performance, most students need feedback with specific instruction as these instructions are qualitative by describing movement processes to perform or that are being performed. -This like its name is analogous to doctors prescription to treat diagnoses illness as medication improves health or fixes health problems this helps student to improve skill performance or fixes performance problems

What are some stretching exercises?

This is an equally important part of fitness as strength and aerobic capacity. This should be performed before and after conditioning exercises as this promotes flexibility and prevents stiffness, soreness and injury. Before doing this one should warm up as injuries are more likely from doing this to cold muscles. One should do this to the whole body, not just selected parts and each shod be held for 15-30 seconds or more but should not include bouncing. One should do this until middle tension is felt on the muscle or joint but not pain. *Pain=stop*

What is the Fitness gram?

This is designed as part of U.S. preidentbl youth fitness program for lifelong health and fitness. -State departments of ed frequently designate this as the test for their school district PE departments to use to assess student physical performance. Three main components of fitness evaluated by this are -Aerobic capacity -Body comp -Muscle strength, endurance and flexility -These are all evaluated through assessment of 6 corresponding key areas of fitness as subdivision of these 3 main components -Student performance on each test for theca fitness are is rated as needing improvement or in Healthy fitness zone which is desired performance standard -This HFZ is set key developers of test to reflect reasonable physical fitness levels that most students are capable fo achieving, ind. HFZs vary according to students gender and age

What is a PA descriptor?

This is for student sot self monitor PA and create ind. PA plan -Benchmarks are for pre k/k, setting weekly goals to be active during recess For grades 1-2: using weekly or monthly activity calendars or planning PA participation with family outside school For grades 3-5: using available tech to set personal fitness goals and self monitor PA including logs, journals,. stopwatches pedometers or other assessment tools For grades 6-8 using online tracking, heart rate monitors, pedometers and other available teach to self monitor PA and create PA plans incorporating self management skills, environment, social interaction and personal preferences For grades 9-12: using available tech to self monitor and develop personalized PA plans to remediate PA level deficits Higher ed: using available tech to self monitor and develop short and long term personalized perusal activity plans to correct PA activity level deficits

How can one conduct a fitness assessment?

This is one of the components of the continual process of enabling students to comprehend, maintain, improve and enjoy physical fitness that PE teachers should use -PE teachers should physically prepare students in each fitness component and testing protocol of these instruments used to ensure safe participation and should do so to establish safe and encouraging educational testing circumstances -Teachers should use the realists from this as private tools to help students and parents develop ind. goals and strategies to sustain and improve fitness measures and should report student progress regularly to students and parents

What is Fitness Ed?

This is part of a total PE program. directed toward helping students gain info and and higher level comprehension oof both processes of PA habits and health lifestyle and products of good health, wellness and and health related physical fitness. The FEPT formed by NAPSE after reviewing currentlliteratiure and consulting with nationwide professionals with expertise ion pedagogy and content specialities, PE district curriculum materials na state and national PE standards to gain insights, produced Comp. IFFEPE or instructional fmrawokr for fitness education in PE. This documents purpose is too guide educators in designing and providing fitness ed by informing them as to what students hulked kno, understand and be able to do at each grade level from Pre K through college -THe aturhso of this developed its use and asumtipn that all students can attain health y levels of physical fitness thorugh engaging regularly in moderate to vigorous PA

What are the characteristics of tennis?

This is played with rates strung with cord hitting small felt covered hollow rubber ball around a net in center of court to opponents side. Nets are 3 feed high in center and 3-6 feet inches high at boosts. Courts range from clay to grass too asphalt to concrete or acrylic and sometimes carpeted indoors. The object is preventing opponents from returning ball within bounds. If one does so then they earn a point. Tennis is played by opposing single players or doubles. One player behind baseline between sideline and center mark serves ball. Receiver can be anywhere on their side of court. Legal serves must clear net without touching and go diagonally into opposing service box. Let= serve hitting net before landing in service box is void and retaken -Serves falling wide or long of service box or not clearing net are faults. -Touching baseline or extension of center mark with ones foot before hitting ball is foot faults -2 consecutive service faults give receivers the point *Legal returns hit ball before 2 bounces, and players and teams cannot hit ball twice consecutively* -During rallies legal returns can hit net

What is the relation between kinetics and running?

This is the part of biomechanics involving the study of movement and forces that produce it meanwhile the definition of this is a gait that includes an aerial phase when no body parts contact the ground or floor with no external forces on the body. *These must modify stance phase to change speeds* -Force plate measures running forces , foot force produces downward backward force vector, the gourd produces upward forward force. The force plate measure this ground reaction force therefore faster running requires shorter stance time plus higher peak forces -Force=Impulse/impact time: impulse Is relatively constant. Bent knees extend impact time, reducing joint force and injury.

What is body comp?

This is the ratio of fatty tissue to non fatty tissue, especially lean muscle tissue in body. -For people who are overweight, improving this entails both decreasing total proportion of body fat and increasing total proportion of lean muscle tissue. -FOr people who are underweight, its includes gaining body fat and also more muscle tissue -FOr people with normal weight and without excess fatty tissue but lacking muscular development, involves increasing proportion of lean muscular tissue in body -While isolation exercises work one joint at time, compound exercises use movements requiring articulations of multiple joints at time and are best for improving this. -Compound pushing exercises improve upper body comp through resistance movements of arms and shoulders -While compound horizontally loaded resistance include pushups and weighted flat bench presses -Compound exercises using vertically loaded resistance include shoulder pressure and military press.

How can one measure Torque?

This is the rotational various of force, this represents how much given force can make something or someone rotate or turn. Large of this is a strong rotation. Small of this is a weak rotation. IN the US/English system the unit ofhtis measurement is the foot-pound: in the SI system it is the newton meter. With this represented as T, force as F and the right angle distance from forces action line as -d, the formula for measuring this is T=F-d.

What is the biomechanics summation of forces?

This is to attain maximal force with any movement using multiple, muscles in manner that enables generation of max force possible. Thus total amt of force is sum of total ind. muscle when these are added together -The general principle of order of use is that larger, stronger muscle groups in center of body initiate power, and smaller muscles in extremities are used for coordination and finer movement. The largest heaviest body parts are slowest and move first, smaller body parts faster and move last. Force is both simultaneous and sequential. *To attain max force, use as many body parts as possible* -Sequential force must be well timed, if follow too early or late in sequence they are ineffective.

What is verbal communication?

This its any kind of social interaction using words, whether stone, written or signed. Therefore sing language among deaf people is included in verbal communication. -This figures prominently in overall communication we rely on for coal, business, financial, physical and psychological well being through interpersonal interaction and relationships -Humans differ form other animals by having developed organized systems of sounds making up spoken and written language moreover today humans have tech that enables virtually instantaneous of this regardless of physical location or distance.

What are Erikson's stages of psychosocial development?

This man described infancy with central conflict of trust vs mistrust. Infants whose needs ar e mental bully and consistently develop trust in the world, if not, mistrust is developed. The positive outcome from resolvthin this conflict is hope -Toddlers face autonomy vs shame and doubt. Those developing self control feeds security and conficece. those who do not develop inadequacy and self doubt instead. The positive outcome is will -Preschoolers encounter initiative vs guilt. Successfully exerting poser over environment develops capatyilbity and leadership, destructiveness and experience disapproval causes guilt and lack of initiative. Positive outcome is purpose -School aged children confront industry vs inferiority. Successful social interacting and academic efforts with positive feedback develop belief in abilities, while failure causes inferiority and inadequacy. Positive outcome for this is competence. -Adolescents confront identify vs role confusion. Success develops independence and sense of self, failure confusion and insecurity. Positive outcome of this is fidelity. -Young adults address intimacy vs isolation. Success develops relationships, failure, loneliness. Love is the positive outcome -MIddle age involves generatively vs stagnation. Success brings feelings of contribution and involvement, failure feeling unproductive and uninvolved. Positive virtue is car. -Old age involves integrity vs despair. Success brings satisfaction and pace, failure, bitterness and regret. Positive outcome is wisdom

What is aerobic exercise?

This may be seen effective for decreeing body fat. -Visceral fat which surrounds vital organs and concentrated in abs is more of threat to health than subcutaneous fat found elsewhere just below skin -High intensity exercise reduces more visceral fat than moderate

How does one administer the FItnessgram?

This must be administered with personally carefully adhering to prescribe protocols and regulations to preserve validity. -School district administrators are responsible to know about current regulations and statues and assuring all district personnel comply with these -They are also responsible to make sure that all school district staff members are trained correctly int test administration and are given needed assistance and resources -Specialized training is necessary for administering this test batter as teachers hav to use their judgment to evaluate how students perform physical skills -Educators also have to plan carefully to establish environment for testing that maintains safety and dignity for every student -State education department officials in states using this advise school district administrators to create plans consistent with test Manual and compliant with current regulatory and statutory requirements for administration and results reporting

How can one develop flexibility?

This not only improves muscular and aerobic training and sports performance and prevents injuries but also facilitates everyday life actives and prevents ate related mobility loss. This type of training releases muscle tension budding up during workout and reduces stress in working muscles, balances joint tensio, improves posture and makes muscles more pliable decreasing injury risk. Stretching exercises should follow each workout, 4-7 days weekly.. *Duratoin varies according to ind. but generally should be at least 5-10 min per session. Instructors should design workouts to include this as learners most frequently cut this short when pressed for time.* -Static stretching may be done seated , is easy safe and doable virtually anywhere without equimtpment or assistance but limited din efficacy for comp. athletes or inc. this in multiple ranges of motion -Dynamic stretching is done standing and uses reciprocal inhibition of opposing muscles to develop active ROM. gradually inc intensity and speed. Best for athletes and as warm ups for movement based sports and actives, should be taught and learned gradually with appropriate movements to prevent from excessive ROM or speed

What is effort awareness?

This refers to ind knowledge of time, force and balance and how these are related to physical movement snad athletic activity. Moment concepts are interrelated and interactive with concepts of space, direction and speed. When students understand concepts, They will be able to move so as to avoid collision with other people and /or objects, and they will have self confidence in ability to move effective;y. IN order to understand sport and perform it successfully, student or athlete must incorporate movement concepts of vision, space, direction and speed.

What are some high quality appropriate assessments?

This should be informed by local, state and national guides or standards so that results can be sued for establishing instructional objectives that are equally appropriate for teacher sand students -ALl educators including PE teachers should choose apply assessment measures that are suitable for ascertaining what kind of progress students are making toward fulfilling instructional objectives that they have designed -This applies to both formative and summative assessments and includes both informal and formal assessment instruments and tools -Therefore because these help PE another faculty to determine whether and to what degree they and their students are achieving instruction objectives they have assignment for teaching units, PE teachers should also develop evaluation schemes or plans that reflect whether and to what extent those instructional objectives have been accomplished -Although it is true that assessment results do contribute to grades that teachers give to students, grades should not be only results of evaluation schemes, whether learning goals and objectives have been met is equally important

WHt is the diet for healthy weight?

This should place most emphasis on fruits and vegetables, whole grains and fat free or low fat diary produces. Should include lean protein sources and lean meats. -It should eliminate or limit trans fasts, saturated fats, salt, added sugars and cholesterol. -A balanced one of these should not contain many more or fewer calories than an ind. needs every day to function optimally -Eating fresh produce in season is best as when favorite fruits are out of season or unaffordable they are available frozen, canned or dried -Avoid canned fruits with heavy sugar laden syrups -Avoid canned vegetables with added sodium

What are the characteristics of a rubric?

This specifies certain learning objectives a student should be able to demo and in what ways -Teachers should first review this wits student to inform them of what they are expected to learn -Than they have student use this to guide learning experiences and work -Finally they use rubric to assess whether students have met learning objectives -A norm referenced test compares students scores to previously established norm -These second test do not compare student scores to a norm but instead again pre determined criteria of what learning they should demo, determined by test authors, publishers, school districts, ind teachers and do not determine student rank but whether or to what degrees student meets lesson, unit, class, course or subject requirements

What are Target (T,A and R)

This stands for Task, Authority, Recognition, Gourping, Evaluation, and Timing. -For this strategies include giving several actives with varying difficulty levels and adjusting skills and actives to be developmentally appropriate. -For this first letter, a strategy is to allow student sot have some responsibility for choices of activities -For this second one strategies include recognizing process rather than product, focus on self improvement rather than outcomes and helping student focus on self improvement by establishing environment eliminating or reducing peer performance comparisons and by delivering positive feedback.

What is the NAPSE?

This states that goal of elementary school PE programs are developmentally and instructionally appropriate is to develop ind. with confidence, knowledge and skills to be physically active throughout life -This joins leading children development and medical specialists in recommending that all elementary school aged children receive minimum of 150 minutes of quality PE weekly -THe association indicates that instructionally appropriate PE practices address development, changes in environmental abilities,, and ind. differences of children -Design and deliver of elementary school pE programs and lessons must also consider children past experiences with motor skills, sports and cognitive and social development -IN addition, PE lesson planning Gand selection of instruction strategies should reflect ind. children ages, physical maturation, fitness levels and skill levels -Appropriate patterns of PE instruction should also integrate known best practices revealed through both teaching experiences and research students to end of optimizing all childrens opportunities to learn and succeed -National, state and local PE standards should also reflect in quality PE programs and lessons as PE teachers must evaluate student progress regularly and adjust progressions and lessons accordingly

How can a PE teacher combine various instructional strategies?

Though teachers follow instruction recipes like chefs, they combine these with own creativity and unique ingredients, whose combinations are influenced by judicious decision to attain specific results -Teachers must take into account each students unique aptitudes and abilities, the learning environment, teachers own instructional strategies and styles and teachers own personality characteristics -Teachers cannot depend on single teaching method, and they need both repertoire of of varied recipes in teaching a lesson -Before implementing any particular teaching style, PE teacher must consider additional factors, including content he/she will be teaching ,, whether physical learning environment lends self to executing particular teaching styles, time required or allowed for implementing teaching style, amount of class time available, personal teacher style and the students

What is records tracking tech?

Today PE teachers can use computer programs to take attendance -Instead of making check marks in roll books, they can record absences, tardiness and disciplinary actions with just the touch saving time and ensuring greater accuracy, legibility, organization, security, efficiency and quick personal access -The same applies to entering computing and averaging student grades -Other departments can email or fax info and materials to PE teachers electronically which they can then open, read forward and save electronically -Sophisticated tech programs and apps can compute statistical analyses of teacher student ratios, student enrollment and attendance, parent involvement, athletic performance, competitive team stats and community standing, progress toward accountability measures and comparison to past years

What is a video analysis app?

Today teachers can download apps to teach students sports skills, analyze their use of skill and enable them to analyze own sports skill performance -PE teachers report these tech afford important teaching tools, also helping them plan future s -Some teachers use apps to record videos of games, showing these to students while providing constructive feedback, praising exemplary execution, and identifying areas in need of improvement -Students enjoy watching performance in locker rooms post game -Teachers find it easy to incorporate apps in lessons even enlisting students to record, review and comment on peers performance -Sharing reviewed footage gives students immediate feedback -Teachers find that after brief demo, students easily use apps to record each other, review footage and give feedback -Teachers alos share footage online -By watching footage themselves, student can identify most effective strategies and tactics -Students are enthusiastic, enabling teachers to establish positive learning environments where students appreciate constructive criticism and are motivated to improve performance

How can a PE teacher use todays tech for benefit?

Today, these can email or text parents with brief student progress reports, commendations for outstanding performance, notes about behavior and notifications and reminder of upcoming meetings, conferences, sports events -These methods better ensure that parents receive messages, whereas sending written or printed notes home via student may not -Parents also receive them more timely info -Teachers save time composing and sending them -Teachers can text or email student to remind them of schedule practice session, training meetings, athletic meets and assignment deadlines -Student athletes can text PE teachers coaching them to request instructions, tech corrections, advice and support outside school hours and locations -Teachers and coaches can respond to motivate, reassure and encourage student athletes, increasing confidence and feeling that coach is there for them -PE teachers can use weekly or monthly emails to inform parents of class and team progress, news and accomplishments and send PE class newsletters -Teachers can join and participate in professional organizations using internet tech and network with other PE teachers, experts and mentors to share info about exercise science, instructional techniques, teaching strategies, motivational tools, program and systems -Students can network to share sports interest ,info, stats, accomplishments and support

What are some basic tumbling terms?

Tumbling: series of acrobatic, controlled large muscle movements including flips, springs, ross, falls, dives, twists Tumbling students: can be on mat, deck or ground, semi aerial, from feet o hands to feed or aria, from feet through air to feet going forwards, backwards or sideways Mat stunts: chest rolls form hand balance onto chest dives, running start, leaping into air, ending on chest, back arched, rolling towards, rockers on stomach, back arched, forward or backward rolls and sideward shoulder rolls Semi aerial stunts: front back walkovers, barrel rolls, cartwheels, cradle rocks to back and shoulders, egg rolls/fish flops, backward to short head balance to should forward, rolling down o chest stomach to standing, round offs, changing forward to backward momentum via inward half turning, front, back, leaping or one arm handsprings, headspring and shoulder/neck springs Aerial stunts: brandy/baroni, handless round off, somersault side, somersault form flip with half twist/back somersault, spotter, lading on takeoff spot, cutaway, landing behind it, gainer, backward somersault, landing ahead of takeoff spot, layout, tuck, whip back, bounders, alternative and Rudolph.

How may aquatics be performed without a pool?

Typically state leaning standards include this as one content area in PE, however not every school in state may have this in its building . -Some solutions for PE departments and teachers include exploring opportunities in community such as YMCA or YWCAs, community rec centers, country public of these or even this at apartment complexes or private homes whose owners want to help especially fi students in class live there -Another option is for school to buy a portable one of these if funds are available -IF no options are available PE teachers can still teach swim strokes as they write or print task cards on creating pattern, kick, arm stroke and complete combination for each stroke -They can assign students to pairs each with bench and give each pair set of task cards -ONe student lies on bench while other observes and gives feedback with corrections and reinforcement then they switch -Each student masters each stroke component then complete stroke -Important caution is never to assume mastering a stroke this way will enable student to swim in water safely

What is biochemistry and weight training?

Understanding how muscles are built up through weight training includes some understanding of how mitochondria in muscle fiber cells produce ATP which supplies energy to muscles, carbohydrate glycogen in muscle cells stores energy and muscle contraction releases ADP expending energy,, depleting ATP and promoting sarcoplasm to replenish muscle cells ATP -Numerous reps of lifting moderately heavy weights triggers muscle fiver cells to increase numbers of mitochondria concentration for cellular respiration enzymes and ATP stores all of which make muscles grow larger -This is called sarcoplasmic hypertrophy -Another type of muscle growth which increases muscle density and strength is sarcomere hypertrophy. Understating this process is informed by knowing when fewer reps of lifting heavy weights rupture muscle cells plasm membranes calcium Leakes out between cells activating enzymes and immune system cells to remove and break down damaged tissue and stimulating nearby muscle cells to make and release growth factors

What is injury prevention and cause?

Up to one and a half of all hip fractures could be prevented by engaging regularly in enough moderate PA. PA that bears weigh strengths bones and prevents them from becoming porous, brittle and more prone to breaking. Regular PA also improves coordination, balance and flexibility. Better coordination, balance and flexibility can lower person likelihood of falling during everyday life actives as well as during sports and rec PA. Stronger bones can prevent fractures in even of fall while improved coordination, balance and flexibility can avert any falls in first place. People who are physically inactive in general sustain more accident sand injuries than those who are physically active.

What is the difference between task cards, station signs, posters and bulletin boards?

WHKen PE teacher wants to teach specific sport skill, concrete visual graphics are helpful for communicating info. Teacher can use these three things using minimum of equipment to guide student through dribbling unit. Each of these can involve completing task of progressively greater difficulty. This way students master one dribbling skill at time. -Progressing from one of these to next help students attain cumulative learning. -Visual cues are great help to student with learning disabilities, reading difficulties, hearing impairments or other cognitive, neurological or psychological disabilities. -IN addition all student benefit form multimodal situation and cognitive redundancy afforded by accompanying spoken teacher instructions physical teacher and student demo and student practice with visual cues -PE teachers may also use this to engage students and illustrate teaching units -A time-lapse of thees tis one creative application a PE teacher used with grades 3-5 muddying balance -An actual one of these Is not necessary as teacher didi not have one but simply taped together two large sheets of paper and hung them on wall labeled "BALANCE" -He then assigned student homework sot bring in pictures showing for explaining balance. IN addition to this he even had kindergartners contribute pictures and initially posted about ta dozen pictures on the board to get it started and give students some time lapse picture ideas. -Over time contributions increased until the board was completely filled with pictures even overcalling. The teacher reported this project was simple yet successful as it supplemented the teaching unit, visually helped students understand many form and aspects of balance and engage them in contributing to ind. and class learning.

What are some basic locomotor skills?

Walking: Tell children to walk with straight smooth steps and swing arms in opposition to feet. Different types of walking should be practiced Galloping: Tell children to use on foot as leader and other as follower alternation sides Jumping: Have children keep feet together pushing nil anding with both feet. Try jumping rope with how high, how many times and how quietly they can land Hopping: Have children see how quickly and slowly they can hop and whether what side is harder Side sliding: tell children to spread arms, lead with one foot and rise in middle Leaping: Have children lead with one foot and leap over object landing on other foot Skipping: tell children to march, raising one knee high and hopping on other foot alternating sides

How may one prevent injury in dance education?

Warm ups: must have cardiovascular elements for increasing body temp, heart, breathing rates, blood circulation to muscles, muscle tone, joint flexibility, reaction speed, mental alertness and motivation to move and move major muscle groups and angular, gliding and rotational joints including internal and external hip rotations. These with stretching can prevent delayed onset muscle soreness, cramps, strains and tendonitis. Cool downs: lower body temp, slow breathing and mind, deeply stretch muscles, reward body for exertion and should be followed by recovery period. *Teaching and learning correct body alignment also prevents injuries and promotes power dance technique more effective mechanical functioning and more energy efficient movement.*

What is loss spiral?

When one experiences series of increasing losses of these was the more of these they lose the angrier they become, the angrier they become ht more they alienated possible support, increasing their loss vunerabilitiy of these. -Also lower self esteem, mastery and optimism in lower income less educated pop. causes greater stress, which then causes major risk factors which then predict greater ongoing of demand for this and stress.

What are some family contributions to student PA?

When parents and siblings are PA, teenagers are more likely to follow suit -When children and adolescent shave convenient access to play spaces, transportation to and from rec and sports programs, access to sports equipment and their parents can support their participation they are more likely to engage regularly in PA -Parents can help by encouraging children to be active regularly serving as role models for their children by being physically active themselves, establishing and consistently enforcing limits on time children play computer and video games and watch by, planning family activities with parent participation that incorporates PA, vacuuming and doing active household chores indoors in bad weather, and playing outdoors in good weather they can plan vacations, picnics, birthday parties and other family events that include PA. -To encourage children they can use the buddy system and be children's activity buddies as they can help children participate in school and community sports and PA programs and advocate for quality PA programs in schools and communities

What are positive personal characteistics?

When people are healthy both emotionally and mentally, they feel and demo. these enabling them to engage in meaning fun productive activities and relationships that promote full participation in life. -This includes high self esteem as they feel and demo. self confidence in themselves and abilities. They are also able to have fun and laugh and experience display for zest in life. -They are able to cope with stress and can bounce back from impacts of any adverse events encountered. They feel sense of contentment and demo. flexibility for adopting too changes and learning new things and are able to develop and sustain satisfying relationships. -IN both relationships and activities they experience sense of purpose and meaning, in living lives day to day they achieve balance between opposites like activity and rest, work and play, waking and sleeping, exercise and eating, physical and mental etc.

How can one respectively communicate with irate parents?

When the parents wish to meet with PE Teachers they should od same as school principals and other teachers, remain calm, prohibit out of control, non adult behavior in offices and classrooms, not allow parents to unload in presence of children, listen and acknowledge parent cancers, empower parents by inviting their contributions, show respect for parents and expect It in return and engage them in a collaboration. spirit of problem solving -Respecting parents goes long way to defuse hostilities which usually arise form parental concern and protective impulses toward children -Parents become less defensive and aggressive when realizing Childs welfare and progress are equally important to teacher and are on same side. -PE teacher must also communicate respectfully with colleagues shaken expertise and knowledge with less experienced teachers establishes more effective working relationships which support students, faculty cohesiveness and school and make teachers life easier *looking down on less experienced colleagues only incites resentment and hostility, fragmenting faculty* -PE teachers can learn form more experienced colleagues and even defuse superior attitudes by respecting them and their advice.

What are some risk factors?

While genetic and biological influences are involved. these interact with and are affected by environmental experiences -Some of these that can threaten mental and emotional health include: -Attachment too ones parent or primary caregiver, feeling unsafe, isolated, lonely, confused or abused, serious traumas or losses, belief that one has little or no control over circumstances of ones life, illnesses whether disabling, chronic or isolating ind. from other people. medication side effects, Substance abuse which can both exacerbate pre existing mental health disorders and cause new mental health or emotional problems.

What are the influences of maturation and experience?

While it is believed that generally determined growth and development was responsible for motor skill development, more recent research has uncovered evidence that motor development process its not simply passive in nature but is also active as when babies engage in movement and physically explore environments. As they develop physical abilities through growth and acquire motor skills through independent learning, maturation and experience and their interaction all influence motor development. Earlier motor skills are more strongly influenced by this, though this second term also Cleary plays a part as evidenced by babies learning through this in early attempts, errors failures repetitions and eventual success. Later more sophisticated motor skills are even more influenced by this second term, instruction and social factors as well as genetic predispositions. While differences do influence rates at which motor skills develop.

What is the relation between task cards and tech?

While teachers can disjoin their own of this many are online. Some are within different price range but many are free of change to download and print. -FOr pre k and elementary grades teachers can laminate printed ones of these and glue them to pot-ossicle sticks -By using tasks cards they provide kinesthetic actives to help refocus student attention after classroom transitions and require little equipment, help reach the ice and build classroom motivation, grow motor skills,, eye hand coordination , creativity and cooperation -These can help teachers with classroom management, provide indoor activities in bad wheaten and help teachers with student who finish assignments early as well as a fun.

What is reflective practice for monitoring instruction?

While teaching PE teachers use this effectively observe their students learning experiences and modify them accordingly -To assess student comp. learning Gand progress, they apply a variety of techniques to evaluate critically how every student progresses through each lesson -If students are not attaining one of their leanring objectives or anything is impeding their learning, a good PE teacher will immediately adjust hte lesson -IF the teacher discovers that most of the students in class did not achieve targeted range, teacher might change speed of play, rules of game or other aspects of how it is played to augment active participation by all students. -PE teachers reflect not only on teaching methods but also on how they organize learning environments as they evaluate student response to teaching -Teachers committed to promoting student achievement and growth analyze design and implementation of learning experiences, evaluate results of instruction and determined how to alter it for optimal student outcomes

What are the heatlh risks in athletes?

Wrestling: in this competitive sport, American boys use on average diet exercise, dehydration nd other means to lose weight to qualify I lower weight classes often beginning by 8 years old. It has been issued by the American medical association and American college of sports medicine that student wrestlers should be discouraged from such practices. Studies show that adolescent wrestles r gained less weights fat and muscle mass during sport season despite heavy training and more afterward. Gymnastics: Girls have had menarche delayed longer when training intensity in this sport than in swimming, tennis or speed skating. Dancing and running had similar but smaller effects compare dot this, which is the only sport associated with significandelays, While these types of athletes are smaller in size, it can usually be identified selection bias as affecting both delayed menarche and body size. *More than 90% of adult bone mass is formed during puberty* -Female gymnasts and runners risk lifelong deficiencies in bone mineral density form interaction of sexual steroid hormones, calcium intake, and other nutritional deficits, despite sufficient weight bearing exercise. Low bone mineral development has been implicated in gymnasts skeletal injuries.

What is four corner cage ball?

involves kicking and crab walking movement snad develops striking skills, arm and should strength and teamwork. Equipment is 4 cones and 1 cage ball. Divide calls into 4 teams, each forming one side of square marked by cones. Number off each team, place cage ball ion middle of square, call number and have children with that number crab walk to cage ball their goal is tock ball over heads of another team. Other players also crab walking can only block ball using feet. Any team having kick the ball over heads gets a point, then repeat with new numbers. *Object does NOT = getting points*