pre quiz guide week 2

A possible risk of severe, prolonged vomiting is metabolic acidosis.

F

Plasma proteins are the main water-pulling force in the blood capillaries.

F

The tough outer fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve is called the endoneurium.

F

Only general sense organs are classified as either encapsulated or unencapsulated.

T

Only myelinated fibers can have nodes of Ranvier.

T

Slender people tend to have more water per pound of body weight than do obese people.

T

The body regulates the amount of fluid lost by increasing or decreasing the amount of urine produced.

T

The brainstem consists of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain.

T

The ceruminous glands produce ear wax.

T

A condition where the lens of the eye becomes milky in appearance and loses its transparency is called: a.a cataract. b.presbyopia. c.otitis media. d.glaucoma.

a/ a cataract

The eardrum is: a.also called the tympanic membrane. b.at the end of the auditory tube. c.part of the inner ear. d.is part of the cochlea.

a/ also called the tympanic membrane

The term fixed acid means: a. an acid that does not break down to form a gas. b. a weak acid that will not dissociate. c. an acid that cannot be broken down to a simpler substance. d. an acid that resists neutralization.

a/ an acid that does not break down to form a gas.

The pupil: a.is a hole that lets light into the eye. b.is the colored part of the eye. c.produces tears. d.helps focus light on the rear of the eye.

a/ is a hole that lets light into the eye.

The conjunctiva: a.is a mucous membrane covering part of the eye. b.opens and closes to regulate the light entering the eye. c.is the colored part of the eye. d.is the clear part of the sclera.

a/ is a mucous membrane covering part of the eye.

The organ that has the greatest effect on fluid output is the: a.kidney. b.lungs. c.skin. d.intestine.

a/ kidney

Steroid hormones have hormone receptors in the: a.nucleus of the cell. b.cytoplasm of the cell. c.cell membrane. d.nucleus of the cell and cell membrane.

a/ nucleus of the cell.

pg 211 The Golgi tendon receptors can be classified as: a.proprioceptors. b.chemoreceptors. c.thermoreceptors. d.photoreceptors.

a/ proprioceptors

When the carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base: a.water is produced. b.hydrogen ions are added to the solution. c.more carbonic acid is produced. d.hydrogen ions are added to the solution and more carbonic acid is produced.

a/ water is produced

An acid solution has a pH above 7.0.

F

Carbonic acid excess can lead to respiratory alkalosis.

F

Glucagon causes a reduction of the blood glucose concentration.

F

Steroid hormones use nitrogen oxide as their second messenger.

F

The autonomic nervous system conducts impulses to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle.

F

The iris is considered part of the sclera.

F

The largest volume of fluid in the body is in the plasma.

F

The pineal gland releases a "timekeeping hormone" called calcitonin.

F

The second greatest source of water for the body is the water produced by the catabolism of food.

F

The sensory pathway for proprioceptors passes through the thalamus.

F

The sympathetic nervous system is also called the craniosacral nervous system.

F

A reduction in the protein concentration in the plasma would allow more blood to remain in the interstitial fluid.

T

ADH tends to increase the amount of water reabsorbed by the body.

T

Bone cells are "target organs" for both calcitonin and parathyroid hormone.

T

Chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate are examples of negative ions found in the body.

T

The middle membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the: a.dura mater. b.pia mater. c.arachnoid mater. d.cerebral mater.

c/ arachnoid matter

The kidney also can acidify the urine by: a.converting an ammonia molecule to an amino group. b.by deaminating a fat. c.by converting an amino group to ammonia. d.by deaminating a fat and by converting an amino group to ammonia.

c/ by converting an amino group to ammonia.

The nervous system and this are the two body-wide communication systems. a. Blood b. Lymph c. Endocrine d. Cardiovascular system composed of both blood and the lymphatic system

c/ endocrine

One of the differences between how the endocrine system and nervous system control body functions is the more rapid communication of the nervous system.

T

The crista ampullaris is stimulated when you move your head.

T

The deepest grooves in the cerebrum are called fissures.

T

The hypothalamus is important in regulation of body temperature.

T

The pituitary gland sits in the "Turkish saddle."

T

The sensation of taste and the perception of taste occur in different parts of the body.

T

Water turns carbon dioxide into carbonic anhydrase.

T

When a buffer system buffers a basic solution, the weak acid donates a hydrogen ion to convert the hydroxide ion to water.

T

White matter in the central nervous system has only axons, not dendrites of cell bodies.

T

The specific organ of hearing is called the: a.cochlea. b.semicircular canal. c.organ of Corti. d.tympanic membrane.

c/ organ of Corti.

The choroid layer: a.helps focus light on the rear of the eye. b.produces tears. c.prevents the scattering of incoming light rays. d.is the white of the eye.

c/ prevents the scattering of incoming light rays.

The pineal gland is: a.located in the neck. b.located in the mediastinum. c.sometimes called the "third eye." d.releases androgens.

c/ sometimes called the "third eye."

The ridges in the cerebrum are called: a.sulci. b.gyri. c.corpus callosum. d.cerebral nuclei.

b/ gyri

The two systems involved in body-wide communications are the nervous system and the circulatory system.

F

Two neuron reflexes contain an interneuron and a motor neuron

F

When the kidney secretes a hydrogen ion, it absorbs a sodium ion.

F

When the kidneys acidify the urine, they conserve sodium bicarbonate.

F

Colorblindness is a malfunction of the cones of the eye.

T

Hyperventilation would remove more carbonic acid than normal and would cause a drop in blood pH.

T

Hyposecretion is a term describing the release of too little hormone.

T

If the blood pH of 7.1 caused a person's death, the cause of the person's death would be acidosis.

T

In the second messenger system, the hormone is assumed to be the first messenger.

T

Males also produce luteinizing hormone.

T

The posterior pituitary gland releases:PG 238 a.ADH. b.ACTH. c.TSH. d.both ACTH and TSH.

A/ ADH

*41. An increase in capillary blood pressure would tend to: a.increase interstitial fluid volume. b.increase plasma volume. c.decrease interstitial fluid volume. d.increases plasma volume and decreases interstitial fluid volume.

A/ increase interstitial fluid volume

*35 Which of the following is not a characteristic of a nonsteroid hormone? a.It attaches to a receptor on the cell membrane. b.It causes protein synthesis to occur. c.It can use cAMP as a second messenger. d.It serves as a first messenger.

B/ it causes a protein synthesis to occur

If the iris muscles are contracted, the rods of the eye are probably being used to see.

F

If the respiratory system does not compensate for a drop in pH resulting from a metabolic condition, it results in a case of uncompensated metabolic alkalosis.

F

Increased arterial blood pressure causes the baroreceptors to stimulate the release of aldosterone.

F

Myelinated fibers have dendrites of the neuron surrounded by Schwann cells.

F

Oligodendrocytes are important in the formation of the blood-brain barrier.

F

Plasma proteins are the main water-pushing force in the blood capillaries.

F

Researchers believe that prostaglandins influence the production of ATP in the cell.

F

The posterior pituitary gland: a.is also called the neurohypophysis. b.produces TSH. c.releases several tropic hormones. d.produces prolactin.

a/ is also called the neurohypophysis.

.Which axon releases norepinephrine? a.A sympathetic preganglionic axon b.A sympathetic postganglionic axon c.A parasympathetic preganglionic axon d.A parasympathetic postganglionic axon

b/ A sympathetic postganglionic axon

Which sensation is not sensed by a general sense organ? a.Temperature b.Equilibrium c.Touch d.Temperature, equilibrium, and touch

b/ equilibrium

*3. The resting neuron: a.has a slight negative charge on the exterior. b.has a slight positive charge on the exterior. c.has an excess of sodium inside the cell. d.has a slight negative charge on the exterior and has an excess of sodium inside the cell.

b/ has a slight positive charge on the exterior

Metabolism tends to add: a.more bases than acids to the blood. b.more acids than bases to the blood. c.about an equal amount of acids and bases. d.only neutral substances to the blood.

b/ more acids than bases to the blood.

The innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called the: a.dura mater. b.pia mater. c.arachnoid mater. d.cerebral mater.

b/ pia mater

The thymus gland: a.is located in the neck. b.produces thymosin. c.is important in the development of red blood cells. d.is located at the base of the brain.

b/ produces thymosin

which nervous system do postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine? a.Parasympathetic nervous system b.Sympathetic nervous system c.Both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

b/ the sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following statements is correct? a. People with more body fat have more body water. b. Infants have less water per pound than adults. c. Females have less water per pound than men. d. People with more body fat have more body water and females have less water per pound than men.

c/ Females have less water per pound than men.

Which of the following is not true of the cerebellum? a.It is the second largest part of the brain. b.It lies under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. c.It has gray matter tracts in its interior called the arbor vitae. d.it plays an essential role in the production of normal movements.

c/ It has gray matter tracts in its interior called the arbor vitae.

Which of the following is not true of a general sense organ? a.They are microscopic in size. b.They respond to touch and pressure. c.They are grouped in a localized area. d.They are not evenly distributed over the body surface.

c/ They are grouped in a localized area.

Calcitonin causes: a.an increase in the blood concentration of calcium. b.a breakdown in the bone matrix. c.a decrease in the blood concentration of calcium. d.both an increase in the blood concentration of calcium and a breakdown of bone matrix.

c/ a decrease in the blood concentration of calcium.

An axon of an efferent neuron could synapse with: a. an interneuron. b. a sense organ. c. a muscle cell. d. either a sense organ or a muscle cell.

c/ a muscle cell

The difference between a three- and a two-neuron reflex is that a three-neuron reflex: a.passes through the dorsal root ganglion. b.includes an efferent neuron. c.includes an interneuron. d.includes an afferent neuron.

c/ includes an interneuron

ADH: a.is released by the hypothalamus. b.is made by the pituitary gland. c.increases the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney. d.decreases the amount of water absorbed by the kidney.

c/ increases the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidney.

Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production? a.Sodium b.Iodine c.Iron d.Chloride

c/ iron

Aldosterone: a.increases gluconeogenesis. b.is produced in the inner zone of the adrenal cortex. c.is a mineralocorticoid. d.is a glucocorticoid.

c/ is a mineralocorticoid.

Excessive vomiting results in a massive loss of chloride and: a.respiratory alkalosis. b.metabolic acidosis. c.metabolic alkalosis. d.respiratory acidosis.

c/ metabolic alkalosis

When the carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base: a.water is produced. b.hydrogen ions are added to the solution. c.more carbonic acid is produced. d.hydrogen ions are added to the solution and more carbonic acid is produced.

c/ more carbonic acid is produced.

The "blind spot" of the eye is also called the: a.macula lutea. b.fovea centralis. c.optic disc. d.choroid layer.

c/ optic disk

A drop in the ratio of sodium bicarbonate to carbonic acid because of untreated diabetes can be called: a.uncompensated respiratory acidosis. b.uncompensated respiratory alkalosis. c.uncompensated metabolic acidosis. d.uncompensated metabolic alkalosis.

c/ uncompensated metabolic acidosis.

42*Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid? a.Cerebrospinal fluid b.The humors of the eye c.Lymph d.Cerebrospinal fluid, the humors of the eye, and lymph

d

23. *Which sensation is not sensed by a special sense organ? a.Smell b.Equilibrium c.Taste d.Smell, equilibrium, and taste

d/ Smell, equilibrium, and taste

A synapse is: a. a gap between neurons. b.crossed by a chemical. c. separates the axon end of one neuron from the dendrite of the next. d.a gap between neuron, crossed by a chemical, and separates the axon end of one neuron from the dendrite of the next.

d/ a gap between neuron, crossed by a chemical, and separates the axon end of one neuron from the dendrite of the next.

When comparing venous and arterial blood: a. arterial blood is basic and venous blood is acidic. b. venous blood is basic and arterial blood is acidic. c. both venous and arterial blood are slightly acidic. d. both venous and arterial blood are slightly basic.

d/ both venous and arterial blood are slightly basic.

Which of the following neurotransmitter is a amines? a.Acetylcholine b.Enkephalin c.Endorphin d.Dopamine

d/ dopamine

This is a functional characteristic of all sense organs: a.must be able to detect a stimulus. b.must be able to detect a change in the intensity of the stimulus. c.must be able to change the stimulus into a nerve impulse. d.must be able to detect a stimulus, detect a change in the intensity of the stimulus, and able to change the stimulus into a nerve impulse.

d/ must be able to detect a stimulus, detect a change in the intensity of the stimulus, and able to change the stimulus into a nerve impulse.

Prostaglandins, along with several other tissue hormones such as leukotrienes and thromboxane, are sometimes called: a.pancreatic agents. b.androgens. c.corticoids. d.paracrine agents.

d/ paracrine agents.

The white part of the eye is called the: a.cornea. b.choroid. c.iris. d.sclera.

d/ sclera

20. In the middle ear, the: a.incus rests against the organ of Corti. b.tympanic membrane rests against the stapes. c.tympanic membrane rests against the incus. d.stapes rests against the oval window.

d/ stapes rests against the oval window.

Which of the following is part of the sensory pathway of all sense organs? a. Able to sense or detect a stimulus. b. Detection of a stimulus is converted to a nerve impulse. c. Signal from nerve impulse is conducted to the brain. d.Processing information is the sensation perceived in the brain. e. Able to sense or detect a stimulus, convert it to a nerve impulse, conduct nerve impulse to the brain, and the processed information is perceived in the brain.

e/ Able to sense or detect a stimulus, convert it to a nerve impulse, conduct nerve impulse to the brain, and the processed information is perceived in the brain.