Prelecture quiz ch. 63, 64, 67, 68, 69, 46, 47, 48, 50

Most patients diagnosed with ________ _________ have a relapsing-remitting course.

multiple sclerosis

__________occurs when there is ocular pain on exposure to light.

Photophobia

_______________ is a progressive sensorineural hearing loss associated with the aging process.

Presbycusis

True or false. An intracranial aneurysm is a dilation of the walls of a cerebral artery that develops as a result of weakness in the arterial wall.

True

True or false. Concussion is the condition of temporary loss of neurological function with no apparent structural damage to the brain.

True

True or false. Herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of acute encephalitis in the United States.

True

True or false. The initial manifestation of myasthenia gravis in most patients involves the ocular muscles.

True

True or false. The oral disease-modifying agent fingolimod, recently approved by the FDA, has shown to decrease relapse rates in multiple sclerosis by approximately 50%.

True

_A drooping eyelid is called

_ptosis.

The three cardinal signs of brain death on clinical examination are coma, the absence of brainstem reflexes and, ____________.

Apnea

A hearing aid improves a patient's ability to discriminate words.

FALSE

Acoustic trauma is hearing loss that results from prolonged exposure to loud noise

FALSE

Acute gastritis is a prolonged inflammation due to benign or malignant ulcers of the stomach.

FALSE

Diverticula may occur anywhere in the small intestine or colon, but most commonly occur in the ascending colon.

FALSE

The ___________, the three smallest bones of the body, assist in the transmission of sound in the middle ear.

Ossicles

Gallstones, composed predominantly of pigment, account for 75% of all cases of gallbladder diseases in the United States.

FALSE

Pancreatic carcinoma has only a 5% survival rate at 5 years regardless of the stage of the disease at diagnosis or treatment.

FALSE

Patients with dumping syndrome after gastric surgery, should consume at least 16 ounces of fluid with each meal.

FALSE

The average weight loss following bariatric surgery is 35% to 50% of previous body weight over 2 to 3 years.

FALSE

The most common site for a peptic ulcer formation is in the pylorus.

FALSE

The most effective strategy for communicating with a patient with a high-frequency hearing loss is to speak loudly into the ear with the most significant deficit.

FALSE

The patient with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should select foods low in fiber in order to minimize intestinal irritation.

FALSE

The most common causes of traumatic brain injury are ______.

Falls

True or false. A grade 2 concussion results in any loss of consciousness lasting from seconds to minutes.

False

True or false. Disturbances in the left visual field and spatial--perceptual deficits are most frequently seen in patient with left hemispheric damage.

False

True or false. Meningeal irritation is suspected when a patient exhibits a negative, bilateral Kernig sign.

False

Autonomic dysreflexia occurs among patients with spinal cord lesions above thoracic vertebra __________ after spinal shock has subsided.

T6

True or false. The goal for thrombolytic therapy for patients with ischemic stroke is to administer IV t-PA within 2 hours of the patient arriving to the ER.

False

The best time to teach a client to take proton pump inhibitors is 30 minutes before a meal.

TRUE

The endocrine functions of the pancreas include secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin directly into the bloodstream.

TRUE

The fraction 20/20 is considered the standard of normal vision.

TRUE

The vast majority of gastric cancers are acquired and not inherited.

TRUE

Tinnitus is an early manifestation of hearing loss.

TRUE

Zollinger--Ellison syndrome is characterized by tumors of the islets of Langerhans that result in hypersecretion of gastric acid.

TRUE

Pancreatic enzymes include amylase, _______________ which aids in the digestion of carbohydrates; , which aids in the digestion of proteins; and lipase, which aids in the digestion of fats.

TRYPSIN

_____________________ the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen in the United States, is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery.

APPENDICITIS

Absence of the natural lens is

Aphakia

Causes of obesity are complex and multifactorial and include __________________, environmental, physiologic, and genetic factors.

BEHAVIORAL

True or false. Trigeminal neuralgia (Tic Douloureux) is a condition of the 12th cranial nerve characterized by paroxysms of sudden pain.

False

____________ syndrome is an autoimmune attack on myelin, a complex substance that covers nerves.

Guillain—Barré

Gastritis and ____________ from peptic ulcer disease are the two most common causes of upper GI tract bleeding

HEMORRHAGE

____________ is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Hypertension

Following bariatric surgery, disruption at the surgical site may cause leakage of gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity, causing ___________________ and possible sepsis.

INFECTION

___________________________ is a chronic functional disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with diarrhea, constipation, or both

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

Hemorrhagic strokes are primarily caused by __________ hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Intracranial

An _____________ stroke, cerebrovascular disease, or "brain attack" is described as a sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of the brain.

Ischemic

The lowest score of 3 on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates the _______ responsive level of consciousness.

Least

Lifestyle modification is aimed at weight loss and ____________.

MAINTENANCE_

The most common predisposing conditions for brain abscesses among immunocompetent adults are otitis media and ________________.

Rhinosinusitis

Antiobesity medications work by inhibiting GI absorption of fat and altering central brain receptors to enhance _____________ or reduce cravings.

SATIETY

The patient with chronic pancreatitis often has frequent, frothy, foul smelling stools, a condition known as __________________

STEATORRHEA.

The most common sites for pressure ulcers, a significant complication of spinal cord injury, are over the ischial tuberosity, the greater trochanter, the __________, and the occiput.

Sacrum

Bell palsy is caused by the unilateral inflammation of the __________ cranial nerve which results in weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles on the affected side.

Seventh

A cataract is a lens opacity or cloudiness

TRUE

A direct ophthalmoscope is a hand held instrument with various plus and minus lenses

TRUE

Acute pancreatitis presents with fever, jaundice, confusion, agitation, and abdominal guarding.

TRUE

After bowel sounds have returned and oral intake is resumed following bariatric surgery, six small feedings consisting of a total of 600 to 800 calories per day should be consumed.

TRUE

Celiac disease is a disorder of malabsorption caused by an autoimmune response to consumption of products that contain the protein gluten.

TRUE

Decompression of the bowel through a nasogastric tube is necessary for all patients with small bowel obstruction.

TRUE

Diarrhea is defined as the increased frequency of more than three bowel movements per day.

TRUE

Glaucoma is a group of ocular conditions characterized by optical nerve damage

TRUE

In refractive errors, vision is impaired because a shortened or elongated eyeball prevents light rays from focusing sharply on the retina

TRUE

Most peptic ulcers result from infection with the gram-negative bacteria H. pylori, which may be acquired through ingestion of food and water.

TRUE

Obesity is associated with a 6- to 20-year decrease in life expectancy.

TRUE

Patients with Meniere's disease should limit their sodium intake to 2000 mg daily.

TRUE

True or false. Approximately 80% of patients with stroke suffer severe shoulder pain preventing them from achieving balance and performing transfers and self-care activities.

True

True or false. Basilar skull fractures are suspected when cerebrospinal fluid escapes from the ears and the nose.

True

True or false. Hypertension is the most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage.

True

True or false. The person with tetraplegia or paraplegia must not remain in any position for longer than 2 hours to prevent the formation of pressure ulcers.

True

True or false. Young age, male gender, and alcohol and drug use are risk factors for spinal cord injury.

True

When utilizing the otoscope to examine the ear of an adult, the nurse should gently pull the auricle ____________ _ to promote visualization of the tympanic membrane.

Up and back

Straining at stool initiates the ______________ maneuver that results in a potentially dangerous increase in BP.

VALSALVA

Cerebral _____________ is a serious complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in those who survive the initial hemorrhage.

Vasospasm

______________ is defined as an illusion of motion where either the patient or his surroundings is perceived to be spinning.

Vertigo

Hyperopia occurs when the refractive error is focused on light rays from a distant object _________the retina.

behind

The main surgical procedure for selected patients with TIAs and mild stroke is _______ ______________.

carotid endarterectomy

Edema of the conjunctiva is called

chemosis

The major stimulus for digestive enzyme secretion is the hormone, _____________________ which acts by stimulating the gallbladder to contract.

cholecystokinin

A greater risk for obesity is assessed by a waist circumference that is greater than how many inches for women and > 40 inches for men?.

35

Severe __________________ pain is the major symptom of pancreatitis that causes the patient to seek medical care.

ABDOMINAL

The etiology of cancer of the colon and rectum is predominantly ____________________________ , a malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of the intestine.

ADENOCARCINOMA

During a Rinne test, a patient with normal hearing will report that ________- conducted sound is louder than bone-conducted sound.

AIR

In patients with gastric cancer a _________ may be used to evaluate for the presence of anemia

CBC

A laparoscopic __________________ is the standard therapy for symptomatic gallstones.

CHOLECYSTECTOMY

In Crohn's disease, the common clinical manifestations include abdominal pain and ______________.

DIARRHEA

_______________ may occur as a result any surgical procedure that involves the removal of a significant portion of the stomach or includes resection or removal of the pylorus.

DUMPING SYNDROME

Traditionally, the term morbid obesity applies to adults whose body mass index (BMI) exceeds 30 kg/m2.

FALSE

Currently, the most commonly used therapy for peptic ulcers is a combination of _____________, proton pump inhibitors, and bismuth salts that suppresses or eradicates H. pylori.

ANTIBIOTICS

Tumors of the small intestine are uncommon, of these approximately 64% are

Malignant.

The primary vector in North America that is responsible for transmitting several types of viruses that cause encephalitis is the _______________.

Mosquito