Prep U Ch. 35 Assessment of Immune Funtion

A client has had a kidney transplant performed for end-stage kidney disease. What type of immune response that T-cell lymphocytes perform is related to this type of surgery?

A cell-mediated response

A client comes into the emergency department reporting difficulty walking and loss of muscle control in the arms. Once the nurse begins the physical examination, which assessment should be completed if an immune dysfunction in the neurosensory system is suspected?

Assess for ataxia using the finger-to-nose test and heel-to-shin test

A client undergoing a skin test has been intradermally injected with a disease-specific antigen on the inner forearm. The client becomes anxious because the area begins to swell. Which technique may be used to decrease anxiety in this client?

Assure the client that this is a normal reaction

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumonia. The client informs the nurse that he has several drug allergies. The physician has ordered an antibiotic as well as several other medications for cough and fever. What should the nurse do prior to administering the medications?

Consult drug references to make sure the medicines do not contain substances which the client is hypersensitive.

The nurse is obtaining information from a client with Crohn's disease about his medication history. What medication would the nurse include when asking about what medications the client has taken for suppression of the inflammatory and immune response?

Corticosteroids

A patient who suffered severe partial thickness burns to the face and trunk is at risk for depletion of essential proteins and immunoglobulins. The stressors associated with this patient's major injury have caused what immune process to occur?

Cortisol is released from the adrenal cortex, which contributes to immunosuppression.

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack the antigen directly by altering the cell membrane and causing cell lysis. Which cells should be isolated?

Cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following is a age-related change associated with the immune system?

Decreased antibody production

Which of the following protective responses begin with the B lymphocytes?

Humoral

What type of immunoglobulin does the nurse recognize that promotes the release of vasoactive chemicals such as histamine when a client is having an allergic reaction?

IgE

The nurse is aware that the phagocytic immune response, one of the body's responses to invasion, involves the ability of cells to ingest foreign particles. Which of the following engulfs and destroys invading agents?

Macrophages

A child is brought to the clinic with a rash. The child is diagnosed with measles. The mother tells the nurse that she had the measles when she was a little girl. What immunity to measles develops after the initial infection?

Naturally acquired active immunity

A laboring mother asks the nurse if the baby will have immunity to some illnesses when born. What type of immunity does the nurse understand that the newborn will have?

Passive immunity transferred by the mother

The nurse is taking the health history of a newly admitted client. Which condition would place the client at risk for impaired immune function?

Previous organ transplantation

What is the function of the thymus gland?

Programs T lymphocytes to become regulator or effector T cells.

During which stage of the immune response does the circulating lymphocytes containing the antigenic message return to the nearest lymph node?

Proliferation

Which condition is associated with impaired immunity relating to the aging client?

Renal function decreases

The nurse is caring for a client recovering from a major burn. Burns affect the immune system by causing a loss of large amounts of which of the following?

Serum, which depletes the body's store of immunoglobulins

What organ is considered lymphoid tissue?

Spleen

A client is treated in the clinic for a sexually transmitted infection, and the nurse suspects that the client is at risk for HIV. The physician determines that the client should be tested for the virus. What responsibility does the nurse have?

The nurse ensures a written consent is obtained prior to testing.

A client arrives at the clinic and reports a very sore throat as well as a fever. A rapid strep test returns a positive result and the client is given a prescription for an antibiotic. How did the streptococcal organism gain access to the client to cause this infection?

Through the mucous membranes of the throat

A client has had a splenectomy after sustaining serious internal injuries in a motorcycle accident, including a ruptured spleen. Following removal of the spleen, the client will be susceptible to:

infection because the spleen removes bacteria from the blood.

A parent of a child who has been having frequent bouts of tonsillitis brings the child back to the clinic for another sore throat. The parent asks the nurse, "What are tonsils good for anyway?" What is the best response by the nurse?

"These tissues filter bacteria from tissue fluid."

The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response?

T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body and attack the invading antigens.

Which type of immunity becomes active as a result of infection by a specific microorganism?

Naturally acquired active immunity

A client is informed that his white blood cell count is low and that he is at risk for the development of infections. The client asks, "Where do I make new white blood cells?" What is the best response by the nurse?

"White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow."

Which assessment should be completed if immune dysfunction is suspected in the neurosensory system?

Ataxia

The client is about to have a skin test for an allergic disorder. What critical instruction should the nurse give this client?

Avoid antihistamines and cold preparations for 48 to 72 hours before the test.

Which of the following occurs when the antigen-antibody molecule is coated with a sticky substance what also facilitates phagocytosis?

Opsonization

The spleen acts as a filter for old red blood cells, holding a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock. It is also an area where lymphocytes can concentrate. It can become enlarged (splenomegaly) in certain hematologic disorders and cancers. To assess an enlarged spleen, the nurse would palpate the area of the:

Upper left quadrant of the abdomen

A patient has enlarged lymph nodes in his neck and a sore throat. This inflammatory response is an example of a cellular immune response whereby:

Lymphocytes migrate to areas of the lymph node

A nurse is caring for a client with multiple sclerosis. Client education about the disease process includes which explanation about the cause of the disorder?

The immune system recognizes one's own tissues as "foreign."

A 6-year-old client is diagnosed with a viral infection of the respiratory system. Which will most likely be trying to fight the antigen?

Interferons

What is the function of the thymus gland?

Programs T lymphocytes to become regulator or effector T cells

A client has been diagnosed with AIDS and tuberculosis (TB). A nursing student asks the nurse why the client's skin test for TB is negative if the client's physician has diagnosed TB. The nurse's correct reply is which of the following?

The client's immune system cannot mount a response to the skin test.