Prep U chapter 2 321
The nurse researcher is aware that the type of variable that can be manipulated in a study is which type of variable? A) Independent B) Qualitative C) Quantitative D) Dependent
A
Which are goals of nursing theory? (Select all that apply.) A) Increase the nursing body of knowledge B) Provide knowledge and a rationale for client interventions C) Identify and define concepts that are important to nursing D) Provide a definition for nursing E) Provide a rationale for appropriate nursing actions in a given situation
A, B, C, E
A conceptual framework is defined as: A) a set of phenomena and related abstractions. B) a foundation for nursing skills and care. C) a set of concepts and propositions. D) an explanation of nursing and nursing practice.
C
When conducting quantitative research, the researcher collects information to support a hypothesis. This information would be identified as: A) The subject B) Variables C) Data D) The instrument
C
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"? P C O I
P
Which activity systematically inquires about the problems encountered in nursing practice and into the modalities of client care? A) Outcome criteria B) Nursing research C) Managed care D) Scientific inquiry
B
A student nurse asks an experienced nurse why it is necessary to change the patient's bed every day. The nurse answers: "I guess we have just always done it that way." This answer is an example of what type of knowledge? A) Instinctive knowledge B) Scientific knowledge C) Authoritative knowledge D) Traditional knowledge
D
A nurse is conducting quantitative research to examine the effects of following nursing protocols in the emergency department (ED) on patient outcomes. This is also known as what type of research? A) Descriptive B) Correlational C) Quasi-experimental D) Experimental
C
A nurse is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The nurse is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nurse reading? A) Results B) Review of the literature C) Abstract D) Conclusions
C
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to: A) determine outcomes for clients. B) quantify outcomes related to clients. C) generate knowledge to guide practice. D) prevent further disease and death.
C
A nurse working on a busy acute care unit is planning care for a group of clients. Which nursing action best exemplifies the primary focus of the nurse's role? A) The nurse comforts a client who received bad results from a diagnostic test. B) The nurse adjusts the environment of the client to facilitate provision of care. C) The nurse focuses on the procedures being performed for clients that day. D) The nurse concentrates on the health status of a client.
A
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and: A) use of outcome studies to guide decisions. B) cost efficiency of treatment models. C) care based on pathophysiologic factors. D) evaluation by experts to direct care in specialty areas.
A
The focus of nursing is always on which of the four common concepts in nursing theory? A) Person B) Environment C) Health D) Nursing
A
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice? A) Evidence-based research B) Theoretical writing C) Client-focused care D) Case management
A
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice? A) Nursing theory B) Systems theory C) Developmental theory D) Adaptation theory
A
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment? A) Florence Nightingale B) Lydia Hall C) Dorothea Orem D) Sister Callista Roy
A
A nurse is reviewing a qualitative research study. Which aspects of this type of study would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply. A) Reality is not viewed as a fixed entity. B) Objectivity is valued. C) Biases are controlled to avoid contamination. D) Control or manipulation is rarely used. E) Intuition is used for analysis.
A, D, E
A nurse is using general systems theory to describe the role of nursing to provide health promotion and patient teaching. Which statements reflect key points of this theory? Select all that apply. A) A system is a set of individual elements that rarely interact with each other. B) The whole system is always greater than the sum of its parts. C) Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments. D) A change in one subsystem will not affect other subsystems. E) To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback. F) A closed system allows input from or output to the environment.
B, C, E
the second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. To complete a systematic review of the literature, what must the nurse do? A) Provide a statical analysis for studies. B) Ask a question about a clinical practice. C) Recommend best practices for client care. D) Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice.
D
A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac unit recognizes the four concepts in nursing theory that determine nursing practice. Of these four, which is most important? A) Person B) Environment C) Health D) Nursing
A
Which activity best helps the nurse apply theory to practice? A) Client-focused care B) Case management C) Evidence-based research D) Theory development
C
The nurse is preparing to submit a research project to the institutional review board (IRB). The nurse understands that if the IRB were to reject the research project, it would most likely be for which reason? A) The project lacks sufficient safeguards to protect human subjects. B) The estimated cost of conducting the research is excessive. C) The proposed data collection method is invalid. D) The research is unlikely to be publishable in a peer-reviewed journal.
A
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care? A) Qualitative B) Ordinal C) Nonscientific D) Quantitative
A
A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing care for patients in their health care facility. Which theorist promoted this type of caring as the central theme of nursing care, knowledge, and practice? A) Madeline Leininger B) Jean Watson C) Dorothy E. Johnson D)Betty Newman
A
A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to address common nursing interventions used in the facility and to explore how they can be performed more efficiently and effectively. The nurse manager's actions to change clinical practice are an example of a situation described by which nursing theory? A) Prescriptive theory B) Descriptive theory C) Developmental theory D) General systems theory
A
A nurse is completing a family assessment during a routine home health visit. The parents have a child with special needs, along with six other children, and the older siblings help out with the younger. Which theory would best help the nurse understand this family's functioning? A) Adaptation Theory B) General Systems Theory C) Developmental Theory D) Maslow's Theory
B
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what? A) Scientific knowledge B) Traditional knowledge C) Authoritative knowledge D) Philosophical knowledge
B
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care? A) Nonscientific B) Qualitative C) Ordinal D) Quantitative
B
A nurse is using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) model PET as a clinical decision-making tool when delivering care to patients. Which steps reflect the intended use of this tool? Select all that apply. A) A nurse recruits an interprofessional team to develop and refine an EBP question. B) A nurse draws from personal experiences of being a patient to establish a therapeutic relationship with a patient. C) A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest treatments for type 2 diabetes. D) A nurse uses spiritual training to draw strength when counseling a patient who is in hospice for an inoperable brain tumor. E) A nurse questions the protocol for assessing postoperative patients in the ICU. F) A nursing student studies anatomy and physiology of the body systems to understand the disease states of assigned patients.
A, C, E
A nurse working in a long-established hospital learned a specific approach to administering intravenous injections from the previous generation of nurses at the hospital. This is an example of which type of knowledge? A) Traditional knowledge B) Scientific knowledge C) Philosophy knowledge D) Authoritative knowledge
A
Which is a focus of medical research rather than nursing research? A) Prevention of trauma B) Promotion of recovery C) Health appraisal D) Drug metabolism
D
Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave? A) Adaptation theory B) Developmental theory C) Nursing theory D) General systems theory
D
A novice nurse is sharing a newly published research article which outlines a different approach in preventing a wound infection after surgery with a colleague and states the nurse is going to try this new method. Which is the best response from the colleague? A) Help share the information with other staff members so all can use the new technique. B) Wait until the method is analyzed to ensure it will be appropriate for their clients. C) Agree the method should be used immediately with their own clients. D) Suggest they conduct their own research to determine if it will work with their clients.
B
A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICOT format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention? A) Weight loss B) Chromium supplements C) No supplements D) Overweight clients
B
Knowledge gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience is which type of knowledge? A) Scientific knowledge B) Authoritative knowledge C) Philosophy knowledge D) Traditional knowledge
B
A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client? A) Assist the spouse with online grocery shopping. B) Set up diabetic home meal delivery for the client. C) Authorize an unlicensed nursing personnel to cook for the client. D) Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietitian.
D
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which element will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to? A) Clients who have experienced a stroke B) The currently used turning schedule C) Turning clients more frequently D) Preventing skin breakdown
D
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICOT format. What does the letter P represent? A) Comparison to another similar protocol B) Clearly defined, focused literature review of procedures C) Specific identification of the purpose of the study D) Explicit descriptions of the population of interest
D
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory? A) Psychosocial theory B) Adaptation theory C) Developmental theory D) General systems theory
D
Following the identification of a researchable problem, what must the nurse do? A) Evaluate the number of ways to collect data. B) Obtain a list of possible outcomes. C) Determine a source appropriate to collect data. D) Select literature relevant to the problem.
D
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge? A) Nursing research explains ongoing medical studies to clients, and asks for participation. B) Nursing research involves clients in their care while hospitalized. C) Nursing research draws conclusions about the quality of client care. D) Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
D
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered? A) Nursing care now incorporates research studies into client care. B) Nurses now have to take part in research. C) Nurses now spend time looking up the best way to give nursing care. D) Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
D
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process? A) Appraising evidence B) Searching the literature C) Formulating a clinical question D) Evaluating practice change
D
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding? A) Institute of Medicine B) National Institute of Nursing Research C) National Institutes of Health D) ANA Cabinet on Nursing Research
B
A nurse studies the culture of Native Alaskans to determine how their diet affects their overall state of health. Which method of qualitative research is the nurse using? A) Historical B) Ethnography C) Grounded theory D) Phenomenology
B
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of: A) Maslow. B) Erikson. C) Rogers. D) Watson.
B
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and: A) cost efficiency of treatment models. B) use of outcome studies to guide decisions. C) care based on pathophysiologic factors. D) evaluation by experts to direct care in specialty areas.
B
The student nurse is combing through various medical websites searching for information to answer a research question for a class assignment. Which note(s) would indicate the nurse is referencing a reputable website? Select all that apply. A) Author's email address B) Dr. J.C. lead investigator C) Site reviewed last year D) List of references E) Need to find sponsor
A, C, D
To ensure that a research study is ethical, a nurse researcher must observe which human rights for participants? Select all that apply. A) Self-determinism B) Cure for illness C) Privacy D) Anonymity E) Fair treatment
A, C, D, E
A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: "In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared with other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?" Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the "O"? A) Replacing administration sets every 72 hours B) Replacing administration sets at other intervals C) Decrease infection rates D) Clients with intravenous catheters
C
