PrepU ch. 11

A client presents to the clinic and reports numerous skin tags in the left axillary area. The client is worried about skin cancer. What can the nurse tell the client about skin tags to alleviate fear of cancer?

Skin tags are common benign skin lesions

When preparing to examine a client's skin, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do?

Expose only the body part that is being examined

The nurse is preparing to perform a physical examination of a client who is an Orthodox Jew. Which of the following accommodations should the nurse be prepared to make for this client, based on his religious beliefs?

Have a nurse who is the same sex as the client examine him

A nurse inspects a client's nails and notes the angle between the nail base and the skin is greater than 180 degrees. What additional data should the nurse collect from this client?

History of cigarette smoking

During assessment, the nurse would expect which part of the body to indicate central cyanosis in a client with a severe asthma attack?

Oral mucosa

When documenting that a client has freckles, the appropriate term to use is

macules

While assessing an adult client, the nurse observes an elevated, palpable, solid mass with a circumscribed border that measures 0.75 cm. The nurse documents this as a

papule

The nurse is instructing a group of high school students about risk factors associated with various skin cancers. The nurse should instruct the group that

squamous cell carcinomas are most common on body sites with heavy sun exposure

Connecting the skin to underlying structures is/are the

subcutaneous tissue.

The apocrine glands are dormant until puberty and are concentrated in the axillae, the perineum, and the

areola of the breast.

While assessing the skin of an older adult client, the nurse observes that the client has small yellowish brown patches on her hands. The nurse should instruct the client that these spots are

caused by aging of the skin in older adults.

The nurse is beginning the examination of the skin of a 25-year-old teacher. She previously visited the office for evaluation of fatigue, weight gain, and hair loss. The previous clinician had a strong suspicion that the client has hypothyroidism. What is the expected moisture and texture of the skin of a client with hypothyroidism?

Dry and rough

The nurse prepares an educational program for the families of clients recovering from burns. On the diagram provided, select the area where fat cells, blood vessels, and nerves are located.

Beneath the dermis lies the subcutaneous tissue, a loose connective tissue containing fat cells, blood vessels, nerves, and the remaining portions of sweat glands and hair follicles.

A nurse inspects a client's skin and notices several flat, brown color change areas on the forearms. What is the proper term for documentation of this finding by the nurse?

Macule

The nurse notes multiple elevated masses with irregular transient borders that are superficial, raised, and erythematous in a client who complains of an "itching rash." Which question would be most important for the nurse to ask?

Are you allergic to foods, medications, or other substances?

Which of the following scores on the Braden Scale signifies that the client is not at risk for a pressure sore?

19-23

Which area of the body should a nurse inspect for possible loss of skin integrity when performing a skin examination on a female who is obese?

Under the breast

Mrs. Anderson presents with an itchy raised rash that appears and disappears in various locations. Each lesion lasts for many minutes. Which most likely accounts for this rash?

Urticaria or hives

Short, pale, and fine hair that is present over much of the body is termed

Vellus

Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands originate from the

dermis

The nurse is assessing a middle-aged female client who is new to the clinic. The nurse observes the presence of significant facial hair that is uncharacteristic of the client's ethnicity. What assessment question should the nurse ask?

"Do you take steroid medications on a regular basis?"

A client asks, "What does SPF 15 mean when considering a sunscreen?" What information should the nurse use to base the response to this client's question?

"SPF 15 is the ratio of the number of minutes for treated versus untreated skin to redden with exposure to ultraviolet B rays."

A 72-year-old teacher comes to a skilled nursing facility for rehabilitation after being in the hospital for 6 weeks. She was treated for sepsis and respiratory failure and had to be on a ventilator for 3 weeks. The nurse is completing an initial assessment and evaluating the client's skin condition. On her sacrum there is full-thickness skin loss that is 5 cm in diameter with damage to the subcutaneous tissue. The underlying muscle is not affected. What is the stage of this pressure ulcer?

3

A client asks a nurse to look at a raised lesion on the skin that has been present for about 5 years. Which is an "ABCD" characteristic of malignant melanoma?

Asymmetrical shape

A nurse is instructing a client on how to assess himself for herpes simplex lesions by their configuration. Which configuration should the nurse tell the client to look for?

Clustered

A nurse observes the presence of hirsutism on a female client. The nurse should perform further assessment on this client for findings associated with which disease process? Iron deficiency anemia Lupus erythematosus

Cushing's disease

The skin plays a vital role in temperature maintenance, fluid and electrolyte balance, and synthesis of vitamin

D

A nurse is working with a 13-year-old boy who complains that he has begun to sweat a lot more than he used to. He asks the nurse where sweat comes from. The nurse knows that sweat glands are located in which layer of skin?

Dermis

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, sebaceous glands, lymphatic vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands?

Dermis

The terms "generalized," "exposed surfaces," "upper arm," and "skin folds" are used to describe which major characteristic of skin lesions?

Distribution

A nurse cares for a client of Asian descent and notices that the client sweats very little and produces no body odor. What is an appropriate action by the nurse in regards to this finding?

Document the findings in the client's record as normal

During the physical assessment of a client with dark skin, the nurse notices freckle-like pigmentation in the nail beds. What is an appropriate action by the nurse?

Document this as a normal finding

Pressure ulcers are staged as I through IV. Put the following in order from stage I through stage IV.

I- intact, firm skin with redness II- ulceration involving the dermis III- full-thickness skin loss IV- necrosis with damage to underlying muscle

A client's history reveals that he has been taking oral steroid therapy for several years for the treatment of an autoimmune disorder. During assessment, the nurse would expect the client's skin to have what characteristic?

Increased thinness

A client tells the nurse about a raised lesion on the client's leg. What is the nurse's first nursing action?

Inspect the area

A nurse is teaching a group of 5th grade children about characteristics of the skin. Which of the following should she mention? Select all that apply.

Largest organ of the body Aids in maintaining body temperature Helps make vitamin D in the body Protects against damage to the body from sunlight

A nurse is providing a client with instructions on how to perform self-examination of the skin. The nurse would encourage the client to perform this examination at which frequency?

Monthly

A client has a lesion as shown on the sacrum. For which health problem should the nurse expect this client to be assessed?

Osteomyelitis

A young man comes to the clinic with an extremely pruritic rash over his knees and elbows, which has come and gone for several years. It seems to be worse in the winter and improves with some sun exposure. Examination reveals scabbing and crusting with some silvery scales. The nurse also notices small "pits" in the nails. What would account for these findings?

Psoriasis

A nurse assesses a client for past history of nail problems. The nurse should ask questions about which of these conditions?

Psoriasis, fungal infections, trauma

An older adult female client is concerned because her skin is very dry. She asks the nurse why she has dry skin now when she never had dry skin before. The nurse responds to the client based on the understanding that dry skin is normal with aging due to a decrease of what?

Sebum production

A client presents to the health care clinic with reports of changes in the skin. Which data should the nurse document as objective with regards to the skin?

Skin warm and dry to the touch

A nurse has been asked to assess an older adult resident of a long-term care facility. During assessment of the resident's skin, the nurse notes a break in the skin, erythema, and a small amount of serosanguineous drainage over the resident's sacrum. Inspection reveals that the area appears blister-like. The nurse should interpret this finding as indicating which stage of pressure ulcer?

Stage II

A group of students are reviewing the structure and function of the skin in preparation for a test on the material. The students demonstrated understanding when they identify which layer as the outermost layer of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum

Which of the following findings related to hair would the nurse most likely assess in an older adult female client?

Terminal hair growth on chin

An adult client is having his skin assessed. The client tells the nurse he has been a heavy smoker for the last 40 years. The client has clubbing of the fingernails. What does this finding tell the nurse?

The client has chronic hypoxia

A nurse is assessing an older adult client's risk for pressure ulcers using the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk. Which aspect of the client's current health status would be reflected in her score on this scale?

The client is consistently incontinent of urine.

The nurse is admitting a 79-year-old man for outpatient surgery. The client has bruises in various stages of healing all over his body. Why is it important for the nurse to promptly document and report these findings?

The client may have been abused.

A nurse is utilizing the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk during the admission assessment of an older adult client. What assessment parameter will the nurse evaluate when using this scale?

The client's ability to change position

A nurse is admitting an elderly client for surgery the following morning. The nurse notices that the client has excessively dry skin. The client says showering every day, sometimes twice, but has trouble keeping skin moist. What client education is appropriate?

The elderly should bathe or shower only every 2 to 3 days

A nurse is providing care for a client who has decreased mobility secondary to a recent stroke. Which assessment finding would be indicative of a stage I pressure ulcer?

There is a non-blanching reddened area on the client's coccyx region.

The nurse is assessing a dark-skinned client who has been transported to the emergency room by ambulance. When the nurse observes that the client's skin appears pale, with blue-tinged lips and oral mucosa, the nurse should document the presence of

a great degree of cyanosis.

The nurse should implement which technique when assessing for jaundice in a dark-skinned client diagnosed with liver disease?

assessing the client's hard palate with a bright light

What abnormal physical response should the nurse be prepared to manage after noting pallor in a client?

fainting

An adult white client visits the clinic for the first time. During assessment of the client's skin, the nurse should assess for central cyanosis by observing the client's

oral mucosa.

The nurse notes that a client's nails are greater than a 160-degree angle. What should the nurse assess as a priority for this client?

pulse oximetry

The nurse assesses an older adult bedridden client in her home. While assessing the client's buttocks, the nurse observes that a small area of the skin is broken and resembles an erosion. The nurse should document the client's pressure ulcer as

stage II

To assess an adult client's skin turgor, the nurse should

use two fingers to pinch the skin under the clavicle.

The nurse is preparing to examine the skin of an adult client with a diagnosis of herpes simplex. The nurse plans to measure the client's symptomatic lesions and measure the size of the client's

vesicles