PrepU - Ch 31-33, 9

Release and synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones are mainly regulated by the inhibiting or releasing actions of the:

hypothalamus.

After having a very stressful day in pathophysiology class, the student knows that which hormone (secreted by the adrenal cortex) will help decrease the effects of stress?

Cortisol, a glucocorticoid

A client who has been receiving cortisol as treatment for an illness states he "is constantly developing colds and fevers." What is the nurse's best response to the client?

"Cortisol inhibits the function of the immune system, making you more susceptible to disease."

According to Hans Selye, which of the following is the correct order of stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

A client has developed a tumor of the posterior pituitary gland. The client is at risk for problems with secretions of:

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

The release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells can inhibit its further release from the same cells. This is an example of which type of hormone action?

Autocrine

Which of the following criteria about insulin would prompt a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

Complete failure of insulin secretion

A client who experienced a traumatic head injury reports extreme thirst. The nurse notes that the client is consuming 10 to 15 L of ice water daily and is experiencing polyuria. Which does the nurse suspect?

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

Which of the following manifestations would the nurse observe when assessing a patient diagnosed with a pheochromocytoma of the adrenal medulla?

Elevated catecholamine levels and tachycardia

Factors that contribute to the severe hyperglycemia that precipitates hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) include which of the following?

Glycosuria and water loss

Abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH-receptor antibodies is implicated in cases of which of the following?

Graves' disease

Which of the following hormones is produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Growth hormone (GH)

Select the statement that best explains the function of hormone receptors.

Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the signal into a cellular response.

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of students about the action of hormones. The instructor determined that teaching was effective when the students' recognize the local action of hormones as:

Paracrine

The metabolic abnormalities that lead to type 2 diabetes include which of the following?

Insulin resistance

A patient develops hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery. Which of the following hormonal imbalances caused this complication?

Lack of parathyroid hormone

A patient's thyroid lab tests are as follows: elevated TSH, decreased T3 and T4. What condition should the nurse anticipate?

Primary hypothryoidism

A client who has been taking 80 mg of prednisone, a glucocorticoid, each day has been warned by his primary care provider to carefully follow a plan for the gradual reduction of the dose rather than stopping the drug suddenly. What is the rationale for this directive?

Stopping the drug suddenly may cause acute adrenal insufficiency.

A client who has just had a "fight-or-flight" reaction asks the nurse what causes the quick changes that he experienced. The best response would be the:

Sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland as it relates to endocrine function?

The hypothalamus receives input from numerous sources throughout the body and directs the pituitary to then control many target glands and cells.