Preschoolers (3-5)

Which type of play is most typical of the preschool period? a. Solitary c. Associative b. Parallel d. Team

Associative Associative play is group play in similar or identical activities but without rigid organization or rules. Solitary play is that of infants. Parallel play is that of toddlers. School-age children play in teams.

The mother of a 3-year-old is concerned because her child still is insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime. Which of the following is the most appropriate suggestion to the mother? Do not allow the child to have the bottle Allow the bottle during naps but not at bedtime Allow the bottle if it contains juice Allow the bottle if it contains water

Allow the bottle if it contains water A toddler should never be allowed to fall asleep with a bottle containing milk, juice, soda, or sweetened water because of the risk or nursing caries. If a bottle is allowed at naptime or bedtime, it should contain only water.

The nurse prepares for a Denver Screening test with a 3 year-old child in the clinic. The mother asks the nurse to explain the purpose of the test. The BEST response is to tell her that the test Measures potential intelligence Assesses a child's development Evaluates psychological responses Diagnoses specific problems

Assesses a child's development The Denver Developmental Test II is a screening test to assess children from birth through 6 years in personal/social, fine motor adaptive, language and gross motor development. A child experiences the fun of play during the test.

A nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that which of the following is the most appropriate activity for this child? Large picture books A radio Crayons and coloring book A sports video

Crayons and coloring book In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative and includes activities such as crayons and coloring books, puppets, felt and magnetic boards, and Play-Doh. Large picture books are most appropriate for the infant. A radio and a sports video are most appropriate for the adolescent.

The nurse is assessing fine motor development in a 3-year-old child. What is the expected drawing skill for this age? a. Can copy a circle and imitate a cross b. Can draw a complete stick figure c. Holds the drawing instrument with a fist d. Can copy a triangle and diamond

a. Copy a circle and imitate a cross

The nurse explains to a group of parents that the type of play most typical of the preschool period is called: Select one: a. Associative b. Parallel c. Solitary d. Team

a. Associative

A 4-year-old boy is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. He tells the nurse that he is sick because he was "bad." The nurse's best interpretation of this comment is that it is: a. A sign of stress. b. Common at this age. c. Suggestive of maladaptation. d. Suggestive of excessive discipline at home.

Common at this age. Preschoolers cannot understand the cause and effect of illness. Their egocentrism makes them think that they are directly responsible for events, making them feel guilt for things outside of their control. Children of this age show stress by regressing developmentally or acting out. Maladaptation is unlikely. This comment does not imply excessive discipline at home.

The nurse is observing children playing in the hospital playroom. She would expect to see 4 year-old children playing Competitive board games with older children With their own toys along side with other children Alone with hand held computer games Cooperatively with other preschoolers

Cooperatively with other preschoolers Cooperative play is typical of the preschool period.

What would the nurse expect of a healthy 3-year-old child? a. Jump rope b. Ride a two-wheel bicycle c. Skip on alternate feet d. Balance on one foot for a few seconds

Balance on one foot for a few seconds 3-year-olds are able to accomplish the gross motor skill of balancing on one foot. Jumping rope, riding a two-wheel bike, and skipping on alternative feet are gross motor skills of 5-year-old children

The dietician is providing an inservice on the nutritional needs of children to a group of newly hired pediatric nurses. Which of the following should be included as a description of the nutritional requirements of preschool children? Select one: a. Nutritional requirements for preschoolers are very different from requirements for toddlers. b. The average daily intake of preschoolers should be about 3000 calories. c. Nutritional requirements should include eating a variety of nutrient-dense foods. d. Requirements for calories per unit of body weight increase slightly during the preschool period.

Nutritional requirements should include eating a variety of nutrient-dense foods.

Which of the following is the most appropriate activity for a 5-year-old child? Squeeze toy. Board games. Play-Doh. Computer games

Play-Doh. In the preschooler, play is simple and imaginative and includes activities such as puppets, play-doh, and coloring book. Option A: Squeeze toys are appropriate for infants. Option B: Board games are appropriate for the school-age child. Option D: Computer games are appropriate for an adolescent.

When talking with parents of a 2 1/2 year-old child what nutritional information should the nurse include? Select one: a. Preschoolers will self-regulate their caloric intake. b. Dairy and meat should only be eaten twice/day c. Fruit juice is a healthy alternative to milk if the child does not like milk d. Preschoolers need approximately 2200 calories/day

Preschoolers will self-regulate their caloric intake.

Due to lack of a parent staying with the hospitalized preschooler, the nurse expects the child may exhibit anger, difficulty sleeping and refusing to eat which he knows are signs of: Select one: a. Separation anxiety b. Striving for autonomy c. Loss of control d. Fear of strangers

Separation anxiety

A mother of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to: Punish the child every time the child says "no", to change the behavior Allow the behavior because this is normal at this age period Set limits on the child's behavior Ignore the child when this behavior occurs

Set limits on the child's behavior According to Erikson, the child focuses on independence between ages 1 and 3 years. Gaining independence often means that the child has to rebel against the parents' wishes. Saying things like "no" or "mine" and having temper tantrums are common during this period of development. Being consistent and setting limits on the child's behavior are the necessary elements.

The parent of a 4-year-old son tells the nurse that the child believes "monsters and boogeyman" are in his bedroom at night. The nurse's best suggestion for coping with this problem is to: a. Insist that the child sleep with his parents until the fearful phase passes. b. Suggest involving the child to find a practical solution such as a night light. c. Help the child understand that these fears are illogical. d. Tell the child frequently that monsters and boogeyman do not exist.

Suggest involving the child to find a practical solution such as a night light. A night light shows a child that imaginary creatures do not lurk in the darkness. Letting the child sleep with parents will not get rid of the fears. A 4-year-old is in the preconceptual age and cannot understand logical thought.

When discussing injury prevention during the preschool period, the nurse should include information on: Select one: a. Constant vigilance and protection b. Punishment for unsafe behaviors c. Children imitating parental behavior d. The increase in children this age being prone to falls

The increase in children this age being prone to falls

In terms of cognitive development the 5-year-old child would be expected to: a. Use magical thinking. b. Think abstractly. c. Understand conservation of matter. d. Be unable to comprehend another person's perspective.

Use magical thinking. Magical thinking is believing that thoughts can cause events. Abstract thought does not develop until school-age years. The concept of conservation is the cognitive task of school-age children ages 5 to 7 years. Five-year-olds cannot understand another's perspective.