Principles of Management chapter 12

Which of the following is sometimes called negative reinforcement?

Avoidance learning

Which of the following is NOT a need proposed by Maslow to his hierarchy of needs theory?

Compensation

Extrinsic reward refers to the satisfaction a person receives in the process of performing a particular action. T or F.

False

Job enlargement incorporates achievement, recognition, and other high-level motivators into the work. T or F.

False

Rewards can be classified as extrinsic or monetary. T or F.

False

Which of the following refers to the arousal, directions, and persistence of behavior?

Motivation

According to Maslow, physiological needs are the most basic human physical needs and are reflected in the workplace as needs for adequate heat, air, and base salary to ensure survival. T or F.

True

According to the law of effect, behavior that is positively reinforced tends to be repeated, and behavior that is not reinforced tended to not be repeated. T or F.

True

Employee engagement means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions, contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organizaiton. T or F.

True

Motivation is the arousal of enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action. T or F.

True

One weakness of the use of punishment in organizations is that it fails to indicate what the correct behavior should be. T or F.

True

Organizations that empower employees often reward them based on the results shown in the company's bottom line. T or F.

True

Process theories explain how people select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful. T or F.

True

________ is the removal of an unpleasant consequence once a behavior is improved.

avoidance learning

Which of the following theories emphasizes the needs that motivate people?

content

Employee __________ means that people enjoy their jobs and are satisfied with their work conditions, contribute enthusiastically to meeting team and organizational goals, and feel a sense of belonging and commitment to the organization.

empowerment

The delegation of power and authority to subordinates is referred to as ___________.

empowerment

_________ is the delegation of power and authority to subordinates in an organization.

empowerment

A state of __________ exists whenever the ration of a one person's outcomes to inputs is perceived as equaling the ration of another's outcomes to inputs.

equity

___________ rewards are given by another person, typically a manager, and include promotions, praise, and pay increases.

extrinsic

What is equity theory, and how does it apply to the workplace?

focuses on individual's perceptions of how fairly they are treated compared to others it applies to the workplace because some employees might feel like others are treated better than themselves

In goal-setting theory, which of the following terms refers to the need to make goals highly ambitious but achievable?

goal difficulty

Factors that involve the presence of absence of job dissatisfiers, such as working conditions or pay, are known as ___________.

hygiene factors

_________ rewards are the satisfaction that a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.

intrinsic

Define intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, providing examples that are relevant to the workplace. How can managers use intrinsic and extrinsic rewards to motivate employees?

intrinsic- satisfactions that a person receives in the process of performing an action ex: pride in the work you do extrinsic- given by another person typically a manager ex: pay raise managers might motivate their employees by telling them they are doing a great job or giving them a promotion

__________ is the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction.

job design

The observation that positively reinforced behavior tends to be repeated is the bases for the _____________.

law of effect

The ___________ is the idea that the single most important factor that can boost motivation during a workday is making progress toward meaningful goals.

making progress principle

__________ refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.

motivation

According to Herzberg, __________ is an example of a hygiene factor.

pay

According to McClelland, a high need for ________ is associated with successful attainment of top levels in the organizational hierarchy.

power

__________ theories explain how workers select behavioral actions to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful.

process

Which of the following theories places an emphasis on behavior and its consequences?

reinforcement

___________ is defined as the altering of jobs to increase both the quality of employees' work experience and their productivity.

work redesign