Principles of Management Test 2 Exam

Referring to the "fiction of superior authority," _____ believed that workers ultimately grant managers their authority. Chester Barnard Max Weber Charles Clinton Spaulding Elton Mayo

a. Chester Barnard

_____ was the first to use witnesses in legal cases. Hammurabi al-Farabi Cyrus Cato

a. Hammurabi

Identify a true statement about Henry Fayol. He believed that management can and should be taught to others. He developed time study to what could be considered a fair day's work. He proposed the idea of bureaucratic organizations. He invented the microchronometer.

a. He believed that management can and should be taught to others.

_____ developed the 14 principles of management. Henri Fayol Max Weber Frank Gilbreth Elton Mayo

a. Henri Fayol

The _____ is derived from theoretical models in biology and social psychology developed in the 1950s and 1960s. information approach to management systems approach to management contingency approach to management operations approach to management

b. systems approach to management

The Hawthorne Studies showed how _____ can influence work. organizational codes of ethics workers' feelings work quotas merit-based promotions

b. workers' feelings

_____ were the first to recognize the need for submitting written requests. Sumerians Egyptians Persians Venetians

b. Egyptians

_____ is an approach to dealing with conflict in which one party satisfies its desires and objectives at the expense of the other party's desires and objectives. Resolution Integration Domination Negotiation

c. Domination

Which of the following management theorists provided managers with a better understanding of the effect that group social interactions and employee satisfaction have on individual and group performance? Henri Fayol Max Weber Elton Mayo Chester Barnard

c. Elton Mayo

Two managers in a company have a conflict over the resources required to complete their new projects. Both the managers want all the top-performing employees of the firm to work in their projects. Eventually, they arrive at a decision where they equally share the number of top-performing employees. In the given scenario, which of the following methods did the managers use to resolve the conflict? Domination Coercion Compromise Mediation

c. Compromise

According to the elements of bureaucratic organizations, which of the following should be a criterion for promoting employees? Relationship with the managers Physical appearance Experience or achievement Political influence

c. Experience or achievement

According to Chester Barnard, in the context of cooperation and acceptance of authority, which of the following statements is true of a zone of indifference? In this zone, managerial directives are not understood. In this zone, managerial directives are inconsistent with the organization's purpose. In this zone, managerial authority is automatically accepted. In this zone, managerial authority is challenged.

c. In this zone, managerial authority is automatically accepted.

Which of the following statements is true of bureaucracy? It is based on the belief that management can be taught to others. It allows political connections to determine an individual's power base within organizations. It allows people to lead by virtue of their rational-legal authority. It relies on scheduled, periodic corrective actions to operate efficiently.

c. It allows people to lead by virtue of their rational-legal authority.

Which of the following is true of a systems view of organizations? It helps managers understand the effect of group social interactions on individual performance. It helps managers understand that good internal management of an organization is enough to ensure survival. It encourages managers to focus on better communication and cooperation within an organization. It forces managers to view their organization as separate, unrelated parts.

c. It encourages managers to focus on better communication and cooperation within an organization.

Which of the following organizations is a bureaucratic organization? Trollies Inc., where employees do not have a reporting manager Crokers, where the owner decides whom to hire and dismiss Senergy, where each employee reports to an employee at a higher position Terkies Turkeys, where tasks and responsibilities are not clearly defined

c. Senergy, where each employee reports to an employee at a higher position

Which of the following is true of jobs and organizations during the Industrial Revolution? Jobs were performed in fields, homes, or small shops. Managers realized the importance of customer relations. Unskilled laborers running machines began to replace high-paid, skilled artisans. Cottage laborers worked with each other out of small homes that were often built in a semicircle and did not need management.

c. Unskilled laborers running machines began to replace high-paid, skilled artisans.

In _____, managers are supposed to influence employee behavior by fairly rewarding or punishing employees for compliance or noncompliance with organizational policies, rules, and procedures. protect the authority of royal leaders. assign positions to leaders by virtue of birthright. achieve an organization's goals in the most efficient way possible. promote individuals based on their personal or family connections.

c. achieve an organization's goals in the most efficient way possible.

Unlike a monarchy, the aim of bureaucracy is to: protect the authority of royal leaders. assign positions to leaders by virtue of birthright. achieve an organization's goals in the most efficient way possible. promote individuals based on their personal or family connections.

c. achieve an organization's goals in the most efficient way possible.

In the context of systems management, unlike open systems, closed systems: interact with and depend on their environments for survival. use synergy to communicate with their external environments. can function without interacting with their environments. can function as a whole without their elements being interrelated.

c. can function without interacting with their environments.

When viewed in historical context, Max Weber's ideas about bureaucracy show that: arbitrary decision making supplanted logical rules and procedures in organizations. personal gain scored over efficiency in organizations. fairness supplanted favoritism in organizations. political connections were given preference over merit for promotions in organizations.

c. fairness supplanted favoritism in organizations.

Unlike operations management, a systems view of organizations: forces managers to view their organizations as independent of the competitive, economic, social, technological, and legal/regulatory forces in their environments. makes managers acutely aware that good internal management of the organization is more than enough to ensure survival. forces managers to be aware of how the environment affects specific parts of their organizations. makes managers involve themselves in the management of the daily production of goods and services.

c. forces managers to be aware of how the environment affects specific parts of their organizations.

According to Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management, order can be achieved in an organization by: promoting individuals based on their political connections. resolving conflicts through the process of compromise. having a place for everyone and having everyone in his or her place. completely centralizing the process of decision making.

c. having a place for everyone and having everyone in his or her place.

Unlike patriarchal organizations, bureaucratic organizations: do not have a grievance redressal system for employees. promote employees based on who they know. hire people based on their technical training or education. do not have a chain of command.

c. hire people based on their technical training or education.

According to bureaucratic management, _____ should supervise an organization to reduce favoritism. creditors business partners professional managers shareholders

c. professional managers

In the context of organizational systems, _____ are smaller systems that operate within the context of a larger system. multi-agent systems meta-systems subsystems transcendental systems

c. subsystems

_____ proposed a comprehensive theory of cooperation in formal organizations. Max Weber Mary Parker Follett Elton Mayo Chester Barnard

d. Chester Barnard

Which of the following is true of bureaucratic organizations? Tasks, responsibilities, and authority are not divided clearly. Promotion within a company is based on who one knows. The owners of an organization manage or supervise the organization. Employees are hired on the basis of their technical training.

d. Employees are hired on the basis of their technical training.

_____ is the amount and number of raw materials, parts, and finished products that a company has in its possession. Throughput Cabotage Contingency Inventory

d. Inventory

Which of the following best defines scientific management? It is the thorough studying and testing of different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job. It is the set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or a group. It is the behavior that conforms to a society's accepted principles of right and wrong. It is maintaining planning flexibility by making small, simultaneous investments in many alternative plans.

a. It is the thorough studying and testing of different work methods to identify the best, most efficient way to complete a job.

In the context of scientific management, who among the following is a rate buster? Jasmine, who completes her work before its due date Samantha, who is always the first one to reach her workplace Jamie, who is the most sociable member in his team Peter, who is the most experienced member of his team

a. Jasmine, who completes her work before its due date

Which of the following is true of the chain of command in Max Weber's bureaucracy? People in lower positions are protected by a grievance procedure. Organizational owners have the right to hire and fire employees. Organizational owners decide on who should be promoted. Tasks and responsibilities are clearly defined and divided.

a. People in lower positions are protected by a grievance procedure.

Which of the following statements is true of Mary Parker Follett? She believed that giving orders involves discussing instructions and dealing with resentment. She emphasized that the best way to deal with conflict is domination. She cast power as "over" rather than "with" others. She believed that authority flows from position rather than from job knowledge and experience.

a. She believed that giving orders involves discussing instructions and dealing with resentment.

Which of the following is a bureaucratic organization? UJeans, which hires people based on their qualifications and skills Chilled Diner, which promotes employees based on their social connections Joni's Jumpers, where the owner manages and supervises the company PaintedOn Inc., where organizational rules and procedures are changed every day

a. UJeans, which hires people based on their qualifications and skills

Mary Parker Follett believed that the best way to deal with conflict was _____. integration domination coercion compromise

a. integration

Unlike monarchical organizations, bureaucratic organizations: promote employees based on their experience or achievements. prefer company owners over professional managers for supervision. vest authority in people rather than in task-defined positions. hire people because of their family or political connections.

a. promote employees based on their experience or achievements.

A(n) _____ is a group member whose work pace is significantly faster than the normal pace in his or her group. rate buster soldier bureaucrat opinion leader

a. rate buster

When workers deliberately slow their pace or restrict their work output, it is known as _____. soldiering policing whistle-blowing accommodation

a. soldiering

According to Henri Fayol's principles of management, _____ advocates that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss to avoid confusion and conflict. unity of direction centralization remuneration unity of command

a. unity of command

_____ invented the microchronometer. Chester Barnard Frank Gilbreth Elton Mayo Max Weber

b,. Frank Gilbreth

The first individual to list managerial traits was _____. al-Farabi Ghazali Sun Tzu Barbarigo

b. Ghazali

Which of the following is a practical implication of the contingency approach to management? Managers can develop quantitative approaches to solve organizational problems. Managers need to spend more time analyzing problems before taking action to fix them. Managers need to group all problems in the same category. Managers can develop a universal management theory to solve all problems.

b. Managers need to spend more time analyzing problems before taking action to fix them.

In the context of Frederick W. Taylor's four principles of scientific management, which of the following is a difference between the first principle and the third principle? a. In the first principle, managers are instructed to cooperate with employees to ensure the implementation of scientific principles, whereas in the third principle, managers are required to divide work and responsibility equally between management and workers. b. The first principle is to develop a science for each element of work, whereas the third principle instructs managers to cooperate with employees to ensure that scientific principles are actually implemented. c. In the first principle, managers are required to scientifically select, train, teach, and develop workers to help them reach their full potential, whereas in the third principle, managers are required to determine the best way to do work. d. The first principle is to divide work and responsibility equally between management and workers, whereas the third principle guides managers to scientifically select, train, teach, and develop workers to help them reach their full potential.

b. The first principle is to develop a science for each element of work, whereas the third principle instructs managers to cooperate with employees to ensure that scientific principles are actually implemented.

According to Chester Bernard, people will be indifferent to managerial directives or orders if they: come from a peer rather than a senior. are consistent with the purpose of an organization. are incompatible with the people's personal interests. cannot be carried out by those people.

b. are consistent with the purpose of an organization.

According to Mary Parker Follett, in the context of constructive conflict and coordination, _____ involves invention. domination integration coercion compromise

b. integration

Unlike domination, integrative conflict resolution tries to resolve conflicts by: making one party wait for the other party to complete their goals. making both parties work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both. making both parties reach a compromise, where each side gives up some of what it wants. allowing one party to influence the other, where one side wins and the other side loses.

b. making both parties work together to find an alternative that meets the needs of both.

Which of the following statements is true of a systems view of organizations? It encourages managers to focus on managing the daily production of goods and services rather than on better communication and cooperation within their organization. The systems approach makes managers acutely aware that good internal management of an organization is more than enough to ensure survival. The systems approach encourages managers to view one part of an organization as separate from the other parts. It forces managers to view their organizations as part of and subject to the competitive, economic, social, technological, and legal/regulatory forces in their environments.

d. It forces managers to view their organizations as part of and subject to the competitive, economic, social, technological, and legal/regulatory forces in their environments.

According to Henri Fayol's principles of management, which of the following is true of unity of direction? All employees should report to and receive orders from just one boss. Employees must put the organization's interests and goals before their own. There should be no overlapping responsibilities for the employees. One person and one plan should be used in deciding the activities to be carried out.

d. One person and one plan should be used in deciding the activities to be carried out.

Which of the following is a similarity between Frederick W. Taylor and Lillian Gilbreth? a. They both used film cameras to analyze jobs. b. They both developed time study. c. They both proposed giving workers longer work hours and fewer breaks. d. They both strove to simplify work.

d. They both strove to simplify work.

According to the _____, the most effective management theory or idea depends on the kinds of problems or situations that managers are facing at a particular time and place. scientific management approach systems approach to management administrative management approach contingency approach to management

d. contingency approach to management

An implication of the contingency approach to management is that: managers need to spend less time analyzing problems, situations, and employees before taking action to fix them. a company's problems can be quickly and easily solved if its management takes a few simple steps. most management ideas and practices are universal. managers need to look for key possibilities that differentiate today's situation or problems from yesterday's situation or problems.

d. managers need to look for key possibilities that differentiate today's situation or problems from yesterday's situation or problems.

According to Henri Fayol's principles of management, _____ advocates that compensation should be fair and satisfactory to both the employees and the organization. initiative centralization equity remuneration

d. remuneration

The Hawthorne Studies showed that _____. the workplace is much simpler than previously thought financial incentives are the most important motivators of work workers' feelings and attitude do not affect their work work performance is affected by group dynamics

d. work performance is affected by group dynamics

One of the objectives of the motion study conducted by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth was to: extend the duration of time required to complete a task. increase the number of motions required to complete a task. foster soldiering among workers. improve the productivity of workers.

d. improve the productivity of workers.