Principles of Management Test Chapters 9-12

Inputs, outputs, and comparisons are the essential elements in equity setting theory. T/F?

True

Which of the following is not a leading reason that employees resist change?

lack of personal ethics

Allie has a degenerative eye disease that is causing her to gradually lose her eyesight. When Allie asked her employer to purchase a low-vision computer for her use at work, she was instead let go. This violates provisions of the __________.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

________ focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated compared with others

Equity theory

The need for status, reputation, and recognition are part of_______.

Esteem

Ricardo's sales manager just informed his sales team that all sales in January will earn an extra 5% commission. The team gets right to work, being motivated by a(n)______

Extrinsic reward

A manger should administer punishment in public in, in front of employees because the embarrassment enhances the punishment and its effectiveness. T/F?

False

According to expectancy theory, for a person's motivation to be high, he or she must be high on all three elements: insturmentality, performance, and valence. T/F?

False

As employees' age increases, their job involvement, motivation, organizational commitment, and satisfaction decrease. T/F?

False

Formal appraisals are conducted on an unscheduled basis and consist of less rigorous indications of employee performance. T/F?

False

Fundamental attribution bias, for example, is when Europeans blamed Wall Street for the 2010 economic collapse in Greece. T/F?

False

In a behavioral-description interview, the interviewer explores how applicants might respond to situations in the future. T/F?

False

In reinforcement theory, both extinction and punishment increase the likelihood that a given behavior will be repeated. T/F?

False

Individuals with an external locus of control tend to display greater work motivation, which leads to higher salaries. T/F?

False

OD has three steps: diagnosis, intervention, and conflict. T/F?

False

One of the ways to create a Pygmalion effect is to encourage employees to visualize failing at executing tasks and use their fear of failure to motivate them. T/F?

False

Resistance can be considered to be the interaction of three causes: (1) employee characteristics, (2) change agent characteristics, and (3) the supervisor-employee relationship. T/F?

False

Structured interviews involve asking each applicant different questions and comparing their responses to a standardized set of answers. T/F?

False

The third step of the OD process is evaluation, which uses employee surveys, interviews, and observation to ascertain initial attitudes and problem areas. T/F?

False

Understanding current employee needs is the sole purpose of strategic human resource planning. T/F?

False

__________ is a performance review system in which all employees within a business unit are ranked against one another.

Forced ranking

________________ is the purpose of the strategic human resource process.

Getting optimal work performance to help realize company's mission and vision

Which of the following is an effective way to deal with change and innovation?

Have the courage to follow your ideas.

Which of the following circumstances is unlikely to increase the success of OD?

No answer yet

Which of the following helps guarantee nonhazardous working conditions for employees?

Occupational Safety and Health Act

_____________ is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.

Perception

______ is at the center of the diversity wheel.

Personality

____________ is the use of desirable consequences to strengthen a particular behavior.

Positive reinforcement

Nancy's employer distributes checks at the end of each quarter, representing an equitable portion of 5% of the company pretax profits for the previous period. This is known as _______.

Profit sharing

As a maintenance person for the air force, Alex services aircraft engines, which protects the lives and safety of military personnel and their ability to conduct missions. Alex's job has a high level of _____.

Task significance

According to equity theory, employees who feel they are being under rewarded might respond by doing less work, calling in sick or leaving early. T/F?

True

According to the job design model, five core characteristics affect a worker's motivation because they affect three critical psychological states: meaningfulness of work, responsibility for results, and knowledge for results, and knowledge of results. T/F?

True

An example of a behavioral-description interview question is "What was the best idea you ever sold to a supervisor, teacher, peer, or subordinate?" T/F?

True

An organizational culture that celebrates failure helps foster innovation. T/F?

True

Because the evaluator's personal bias can affect the ratings, trait appraisals' validity may be questionable. T/F?

True

Burnout is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration. T/F?

True

Computer-assisted instruction is often a type of off-the-job training. T/F?

True

Designed to enrich the lives of all employees in the organization, who are paid all or in part by the organization, benefits are additional nonmonetary forms of compensation. T/F?

True

Employee problems and manager behaviors are internal forces for change in the organization. T/F?

True

Establishing the mission and vision is the first step in the strategic human resource process. T/F?

True

Extra staff to cover the lunch hour rush for a busy downtown restaurant, Salads and Soup, is an example of a buffer that the manager used to prevent employee burnout, as well as meet customer demand. T/F?

True

Hard data about absenteeism, turnover, and profitability are used in the evaluation, or step 3, of the OD process. T/F?

True

If you have a personal belief that you have ability to do a task and that you have what it takes to succeed, you would be best described as having self-efficacy. T/F?

True

In Herzberg's theory, the lower-level needs are known as hygiene factors, and the higher-level needs are called motivating factors. T/F?

True

In the unfreezing stage, managers try to instill in employees the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to innovation. For this "unfreezing" to take place, employees need to become dissatisfied with the old way of doing things. Managers also need to reduce the barriers to change during this stage. T/F?

True

Key correlates of job satisfaction are stronger motivation, job involvement, organizational commitment, and life satisfaction and less absenteeism, tardiness, turnover, and perceived stress. T/F?

True

LinkedIn, a business-oriented social network, accounts for 94% of the people hired via social media. T/F?

True

Maslow's theory indicates that employees have few needs beyond earning a paycheck. T/F?

True

Our perception of equity or fair treatment are significantly associated with job satisfaction, commitment, performance, and turnover. T/F?

True

Pay for knowledge, also known as skill-based pay, ties pay to the number of job-relevant skills or academic degrees employees earn. T/F?

True

Technology is any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product. T/F?

True

The OD process includes three steps: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation, followed by feedback to further refine the diagnosis. T/F?

True

To be most motivating, goals should be specific and challenging but achievable. T/F?

True

When radically different changes are introduced without warning, without any official announcements, the office rumor mill will go into high gear, and affected employees will become fearful of the implications of the changes. T/F?

True

A server expects a group of poorly dressed customers to be stingy tippers and gives them poor service, so he gets the result that he expects, a very small tip. This is an example of _____.

a self-fulfilling prophecy

Which type of workplace discrimination occurs when an organization uses an employment practice that results in unfavorable outcomes to a protected class?

adverse impact

The statement "I really don't like that Ivan got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.

affective

A specialist at UPS who rides with couriers to learn about delivery time measurements and potential service problems is conducting a job __________________.

analysis

Dora is conducting a performance appraisal for Sue, one of her employees. The company's performance appraisal form asks her to rate Sue's performance on various items like "Submits reports on time with minimal errors" on a scale from 1 to 5. Dora's is using a ______ appraisal system.

behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)

Which of the following is not a step in the perceptual process?

causal attribution

Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce _____.

cognitive dissonance

The increasing diversity of the American workforce is an example of a(n) ______ force for change.

demographic

After being referred by a friend, Hasina attended a job interview. She didn't feel it went well, but was surprised when her friend told her the boss didn't like that she had worn her hijab, a traditional headscarf. The boss told a coworker after the interview, "Our customers prefer working with Christians." This is an example of __________.

discrimination

During Lewin's refreezing stage, managers should __________.

encourage and reinforce the desired change in the employees

Organizational dimensions, the outer layer of the diversity wheel, include all of the following except _____.

ethnicity

When using goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers should _______

help workers understand and accept the goals

Even when he started his first job, Will was not content to be just one of the employees. His boss noticed that he often coached his coworkers about ways to improve their work, even when it wasn't his job. Will probably has a _____.

high need for power

A manager must ensure fairness and __________ in considering a promotion of an employee.

nondiscrimination

The two co-founders of Network Appliance, a data-storage firm in Sunnyvale, California, were feuding with each other because one founder couldn't stick to his decisions, which drove the other founder crazy. A(n) ____________ began working with the warring executives in separate sessions to solve the problem.

organizational behavior specialist

Employee behaviors that exceed the work-role requirements for the job are known as _____.

organizational citizenship behaviors

Sue is very aggressive at her job, and her coworkers complain that she often manipulates them and her boss in order to get ahead. She attempts to direct everything and everyone, regardless of the consequences to others or even the organization itself. Sue is expressing what type of need for power?

personal

Which of the following is not one of Scott Berkun's seeds of innovation for organizations?

philanthropy

A person who is apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment is said to have a(n) ______ personality.

proactive

Walmart's implementation of RFID, a type of technology that allows it to improve inventory tracking, is an example of a(n) ______ change.

proactive

Caroline's manager notices that she exhibits an internal locus of control when she speaks about her work. Her manager should _____.

provide incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions

Which of the following dimensions is not an example of an external or secondary dimension on the diversity wheel?

seniority

Firms such as General Motors and McDonald's actively collect information about customer preferences and try to address them in their new products. This reflects __________.

shareholder, customer, and market changes

Beginning with __________, a body of law has grown that requires organizations to provide employees with nonhazardous working conditions.

the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) of 1970

Lewin's change model consists of __________.

three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing

Which of the following dimensions is an example of an organizational dimension on the diversity wheel?

union affiliation