Procedures Midterm
When performing an AP projection of the humerus, the upper margin of the IR should be placed ?
1.5 inches above the head
Which term refers to a rounded process at an articular end?
Condyle
Which term refers to a beak-like or crown process?
Coronoid
For radiography of the chest, the patient is placed in an upright position whenever possible to?
Demonstrate air-fluid levels and allow gravity to depress the diaphragm
The structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity is the?
Diaphragm
Hypersthenic
Diaphragm is lower, stomach is higher and shorter
How should the elbow be positioned when preforming a lateral projection of the forearm?
Flexed 90 degrees
Diarthroses
Freely moveable joint Ex. Hip, knee, shoulder, elbow
Coronal plane
Front and back
This bone is located on the lateral side of the upper extremity
The radius
Where is the CR directed for the lateral projection of the hand?
The second digit MCP
What are t9 and t10?
The xiphoid process
For PA projection (including oblique) of the hand, the central ray is directed to the?
Third Metacarpal Joint
Why should chest images be performed with a 72 inch SID?
To minimize magnification of the heart
Distal row of the carpals from lateral to medial
Trapezium (1), Trapezoid (2), Capitate (3), Hamate (4 and 5)
Body habitus
Variation in bodies
How are the epicondyles positioned for the AP external?
Abduct arm, supinate hand so that the epicondyles are parallel to the IR
Pneumoperitoneum
Air in the peritoneal cavity
Hand position for the AP external shoulder?
Anatomical position
Larynx
C6-T5
Which structure of the distal humerus articulates with the radial head to form the humeroradial joint?
Capitulum
For the AP projection of the Abdomen, when should full respiration be suspended and what affect will it have on the patient?
Respiration should be stopped on full expiration It will elevate the diaphragm
How are the epicondyles positioned for the AP internal?
Rotate hand and placed back of hand on thigh, epicondyles are perpendicular to the IR
For PA projection of the chest, which positioning maneuver should be performed for the best removal of scapulae from the lung field?
Rotate shoulders forward
Bones are classified according to their what?
Shape
The carpal bones are classified as?
Short bones
When performing the PA projection of the wrist, which positioning manuver should be used to place the anterior surface of the wrist in contact with the IR?
Slightly arch the hand
Hyposthenic
Slightly elongated lungs
What are T4 and T5?
Sternal angle
Bony thorax
Sternum, 2 clavicles and 2 scapulae
For the Ap projection of the forearm which positioning step should be taken to prevent radial crossover?
Supinate the hand
How should the hand be positioned for AP humerus?
Supinated
The radiocarpal joint is classified as what?
Synovial Ellipsoidal
At what vertebral level should the Cr be centered for a PA projection of the chest?
T7
The PA oblique of the chest is perpendicular to which vertebral level?
T7
The palpable landmark of inferior angle of scapulae corresponds to which vertebral level?
T7
Lateral Chest X-ray
T7 Midcoronal Plane perpendicular to the IR 72 inch SID Arms over head
PA chest x-ray
T7 Midsagittal Plane perpendicular to the IR 72 inch SID IR level 1.5-2 inches above the shoulder
Which bones make up the palm of the hand?
The 5 metacarpals
What muscle is umbrella shaped and cannot have motion on an image?
The Diaphragm
The humerus is part of which skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton
Sthenic
The average body habitus
The term that refers to the back or posterior surface of the hand is?
The dorsum
What structure is shown in profile on the AP external?
The greater tubercle and humeral head
Which evaluation criterion indicates that the humerus was properly positioned for the AP projection?
The humeral head and the greater tubercle are both seen in profile
What are T2 and T3?
The jugular notch
Where is the CR for a PA oblique of the wrist
The midcarpals
Where is the CR directed for the AP projection of the forearm?
The midpoint of the forearm
Transverse Plane
top and bottom
For the PA projection of the chest, proper inspiration is demonstrated by at least how many ribs being visible?
10
How many phalanges are found in one hand?
14 phalanges, 8 carpals and 5 metacarpals
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
AP projection erect (upright) or lateral of the Abdomen is positioned where?
2 inches above the Iliac crest
How many bones are in the human body?
206
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
AP chest
3 inches inferior to the jugular notch, perpendicular to the sternum
What is the SID for a wrist/hand?
40 inches
What is the SID for the Abdomen ?
40 inches
From the prone position, how many degrees should a hand be rotated for PA oblique?
45 Degrees
How many degrees should the elbow be rotated for an oblique image?
45 Degrees
How much should the wrist be rotated for PA oblique projection?
45 degrees
What is the degree of obliquity for a PA oblique Scap Y?
45-60 degrees
Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head free of bony superimposition?
AP oblique lateral rotation
What is the SID for the chest?
72 inches
AP projection of abdomen level of patient when prone or supine?
Iliac crest
For the AP projection of the first digit (thumb) the hand is positioned?
In extreme medial rotation
Peristalsis
Involuntary movement of digestive system
The palpable landmark of the iliac crests corresponds to which vertebral level?
L4-L5
Which projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?
Lateral projection
Where is the scaphoid located?
Lateral side of the proximal row
When performing a lateral projection of the elbow, the hand should be
Lateral thumb side up
Sagittal plane
Left and right
The humerus is classified as a
Long bone
The metacarpal bones are classified as?
Long bones
Carina
Lowest level of the trachea
Asthenic
Lungs are low and long, almost in the pelvis
How should the hand surface be rested when performing the lateral projection of the fifth digit?
Medial
With reference to the Capitulum, where is the Trachea located?
Medial
Where does the CR enter for the AP projection of the humerus
Midportion of the humerus
Where is the CR directed for the lateral projection of the second digit?
PIP joint
How are the epicondyles positioned for the AP neutral?
Palm of the hand placed against the hip and epicondyles adjusted at a 45 degree angle
Hand position for the AP neutral shoulder?
Palms at side
Hand position for the AP internal shoulder?
Palms facing out
With reference to the plane of the IR, how should the humeral epicondylar plane be positioned for AP?
Parallel
The light, spongy, elastic substance of the lungs is termed:
Parenchyma
Where is the CR directed for the AP projection of the shoulder?
Perpendicular to a point 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
Where is the CR directed for the AP projections of the first digit ?
Perpendicular to the MCP joint
Where is the CR directed for the PA projection of the wrist?
Perpendicular to the Midcarpal area
The presence of full air in the peritoneal cavity is termed what?
Pneumoperitoneum
Body position for the PA oblique Scap Y
Position of arm not critical, by side
The path of the CR as it exits the tube and goes through the patient to the IR is termed what?
Projection
Rotation of the forearm so the pal of the hand is down is termed?
Pronation
The joint does the radial notch of the Ulna and Radial head form?
Proximal Radioulnar
What structure is shown in profile on the AP internal?
Proximal humerus in true lateral and lesser tubercle seen in profile pointing medially
Which structures are shown in profile on the AP internal?
Proximal humerus in true lateral and lesser tubercle seen in profile pointing medially
The exposure factors for an AP projection of the abdomen must be sufficient to demonstrate soft tissue of the?
Psoas muscles, kidneys and lower borders of the liver
What is located at L4-L5?
iliac crest
When performing a lateral projection of the chest, which body plane should be perpendicular and centered to the midline of the IR?
midcoronal plane
Closest to the point of attachment?
proximal
Proximal row of the carpals from lateral to medial
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
