Progressive Era

Suffrage

The right to vote. Given to women in the 19th Amendment (1920).

Eugenics

These were attempts to scientifically make the human race stronger by eliminating ;weak; or undesirable genes through sterilization or other means. Later this idea was used by Hitler to try to remove the ;weaker; races.

Recall

Voters may remove an elected official from office by holding an election for removal; let people hold elected officials accountable

19th Amendment

Women get the right to vote in national elections

Prohibition

A social movement to ban the sale and use of alcohol in the United States because it was believed to be the cause of many social problems like poverty, violence, and divorce.

Conservation

A social movement to preserve the unique natural areas, wildlife, and resources in the United States. Led to the creation of the National Parks Service. Leading advocate in the conservation movement was John Muir.

Booker T. Washington

African American leader and educator who advocated for a more passive approach to expanding rights of African Americans

Upton Sinclair

Author of The Jungle; exposed terrible working conditions and unsanitary food preparation in the meat packing industries; led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act

Theodore Roosevelt

Became president when McKinley was assassinated. Known for his speak softly and carry a big stick; attitude. Used power to break up monopolies during ;trust-busting; and began the national parks program through his conservation efforts.

Immigration (Cause and Effect)

Cause - Immigrants came looking for a better life in the US to escape poverty, religious persecution, social issues, etc. Effect - increased population; overcrowding in cities; large unskilled labor force for factories

Race Relations (Cause and Effect)

Cause - Large numbers of immigrants (especially Asians/Chinese) Effect - increased discrimination and the rise of such groups like the Ku Klux Klan

Changing role of women (Cause and Effect)

Cause - industrialization caused many women to leave the home and get jobs that brought in money and made them consumers; they also gained the right to vote Effect - women became social and political reformers; worked outside of the home; affected the economy

Populist Party

comprised primarily of poor farmers from the South; opposed big business, banks, and the wealthy

Federal Reserve Act

created a central national banking system and the power to issue national paper money

17th Amendment

created the direct election of US senators by the voters; populist reform

16th Amendment

created the income tax; reduced reliance on tariffs to raise money for government programs

Interstate Commerce Commission

government's first large-scale attempt to regulate business for the good of society; showed that government was becoming more interested in public good over private greed

W.E.B. DuBois

helped found the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People); advocated for more active resistance against discrimination and for African American rights

Social Darwinism

in society the "best" individuals will be seen by their wealth and success while the weaker will struggle; belief that all social problems are inherited/genetic and could be solved by eliminating the causes - led to the use of eugenics

Thomas Nast

Political cartoonist who targeted the Tammany Hall Ring and Boss Tweed of New York to expose their corruption through the publication of his cartoons

18th Amendment

Prohibition of the sale and consumption of alcohol in the United States

Jacob Riis

Published "How the Other Half Lives" to expose the struggle in the lives of immigrants and the urban poor; used photographs to show how they lived.

Populism

Social movement that focused on empowering average people through creating government programs and policies for their benefit. Two groups that benefited most: farmers and laborers.

Muckrakers

popular authors, journalists, and reformers who published true reports about social problems

Pure Food and Drug Act

prevented the manufacture, sale, or transportation of altered, misbranded or poisonous products, food, drugs, medicines and liquors - required accurate labeling of products

Progressive Party

split from the Republican Party; also known as the "Bull Moose Party"; Theodore Roosevelt was their most popular candidate when he ran against Taft and Wilson in 1912.

Initiative

the power or right of the citizens to create new laws by creating a petition to submit the new law to the voters; expanded democracy by giving the voters a say in the lawmaking process

Referendum

the submission of new laws for popular vote so that the people may approve or reject the new law; expanded democracy by giving the voters a say in the lawmaking process

Frances Willard

Suffrage activist and member of the Womens Christian Temperance Movement who worked as an advocate of prohibition

NAWSA

Largest women's suffrage organization in the United States and primary advocate for women's rights during the Progressive Era

Susan B. Anthony

Leader of the womens suffrage movement

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; Organization created to push for equality of minorities in society through changes to laws and social values.

Progressive Era (characteristics)

-Opposed corruption and waste in government -Concerned with social injustice and discrimination -Civil Service (public employee) reform -Anti-trust acts (Sherman and Clayton) -Populism - Conservation -Muckrakers - Suffrage -Prohibition - Reform -Pure Food and Drug Act -16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments -Federal Reserve - Social Gospel Movement

John Muir

Conservation leader who convince T. Roosevelt to set aside 148 Million acres of land and 50 wildlife sanctuaries as well as several national parks - led to the creation of the National Park Service; Founder of the Sierra Club

Dollar Diplomacy

Encouraged by President Taft for banks and businesses to invest in South America and the Far East to open up those markets for American products and to get access to their resources.

Ida B. Wells

Female reform leader and journalist who led the crusade against lynching and for the creation of women's suffrage

Chinese Exclusion Act

First major law restricting immigration into the US; was created in response to American fears that the Chinese immigrants were taking jobs and causing economic problems - especially on the West Coast.

Jane Addams

Founder of Hull House (settlement house) that helped new immigrant women with job skills, education and art programs to make them productive citizens

Open Door Policy

John Hays economic policy that forced equal trading rights in China with US, France, and Great Britain