Project Management Chapter 9 - 13
_____ a highly respected psychologist, rejected the dehumanizing negativism of psychology and proposed the hierarchy of needs theory.
Abraham Maslow
Psychologist David Merril describes _____ as reactive and task-oriented.
"Analyticals"
Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, how many channels would two people require?
1
_____ involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project.
Acquiring the project team
What is the first step in a Monte Carlo analysis?
Assess the range for the variables being considered.
_____ involves using punishment, threats, or other negative approaches to get people to do things they do not want to do.
Coercive power
_____ is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y.
Douglas McGregor
____ predict future project status and progress based on past information and trends.
Forecasts
_____ is best known for distinguishing between motivational factors and hygiene factors when considering motivation in work settings.
Frederick Herzberg
"Most organizations are not in business to provide information technology services, yet many have spent valuable time and resources on information technology functions when they should have instead worked on important competencies such as marketing, customer service, and new product design. Outsourcing helps tackle this problem." Which of the following benefits does outsourcing primarily provide in such a scenario?
Helps focus on an organization's core business
Which of the following questions is typically addressed by a project forecast?
How much more money will be needed to complete the project?
_____ involves determining which risks are likely to affect a project and documenting the characteristics of each.
Identifying risks
Which of the following is a guideline that project managers should follow when communicating with their teams through e-mail?
If the entire message can fit in the subject line, put it there.
Which of the following communication methods would be most appropriate for assessing the commitment of project stakeholders?
Meetings
_____ refers to matching certain behaviors of the other person.
Mirroring
_____ analysis simulates a model's outcome many times to provide a statistical distribution of the calculated results.
Monte Carlo
_____ involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurrence.
Performing qualitative risk analysis
_____ involves numerically estimating the effects of risks on project objectives.
Performing quantitative risk analysis
_____ involves determining the information and communications needs of the stakeholders.
Planning communications
_____ involves deciding how to approach and plan the risk management activities for the project.
Planning risk management
_____ are a complete set of organized project records that provide an accurate history of the project.
Project archives
A shortage of qualified personnel is one of the main reason that companies outsource. A project may require experts in a particular field for several months and planning for this procurement ensures that the needed services will be available for the project." Which of the following benefits does this characteristic of outsourcing provide an organization?
Provides access to specific skills
According to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor?
Recognition
Outsourcing suppliers can often provide economies of scale, especially for hardware and software, that may not be available to the client alone. Which of the following benefits does this offer an organization?
Reduction in fixed and recurrent costs
_____ is based on an individual's personal charisma.
Referent power
_____ is a technique for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks.
Resource leveling
_____ refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods.
Resource loading
_____ involves using incentives to induce people to do things.
Reward power
_____ applies to positive risks when the project team cannot or chooses not to take any actions toward a risk.
Risk acceptance
_____ involves eliminating a specific threat, usually by eliminating its causes.
Risk avoidance
_____ involves changing the size of the opportunity by identifying and maximizing key drivers of the positive risk.
Risk enhancement
_____ involves reducing the impact of a risk event by reducing the probability of its occurrence.
Risk mitigation
_____ involves allocating ownership of the risk to another party.
Risk sharing
_____ involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party.
Risk transference
_____ risks refer to those that are direct results of implementing risk responses.
Secondary
____ describe where the project stands at a specific point in time.
Status reports
The _____ presents subjects with a series of ambiguous pictures and asks them to develop a spontaneous story for each picture, assuming they will project their own needs into the story.
TAT
According to Lencioni, which of the following qualities is present in organizations that succeed?
Teamwork
Which of the following is true of a project communications plan?
The communications plan should be part of the overall project management plan.
Managers who follow _____ assume that the average worker wants to be directed and prefers to avoid responsibility.
Theory X
_____ are/is a qualitative risk analysis tool that maintains an awareness of risks throughout the life of a project in addition to identifying risks.
Top Ten Risk Item Tracking
_____ are unplanned responses to risk events used when project teams do not have contingency plans in place.
Workarounds
People with a high need for _____ seek to excel and tend to avoid both low-risk and high-risk situations to improve their chances for achieving something worthwhile.
achievement
Key outputs of _____ process are project staff assignments, resource calendars, and project management plan updates.
acquiring the project team
An example of pull communication is _____.
blogs
E-mail communication is most suited for:
communicating routine information.
The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is
finalizing the project requirements
The highest level of needs in Maslow's structure is referred to as a _____ need.
growth
As the number of people involved in a project _____, the complexity of communications _____.
increases, increases
A(n) _____ represents decision problems by displaying essential elements, including decisions, uncertainties, causality, and objectives, and how they influence each other.
influence diagram
The formula to determine the number of communication channels is _____, where n is the number of people involved.
n (n-1)/2
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs when the emphasis is on reaching the team goals, rather than working on team process.
performing
The _____ lists the relative probability of a risk occurring and the relative impact of the risk occurring.
probability/impact matrix
Risk utility rises at a decreasing rate for a _____ person.
risk-averse
A _____ person achieves a balance between risk and payoff.
risk-neutral
Those who are _____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake.
risk-seeking
A _____ is a technique used to show the effects of changing one or more variables on an outcome.
sensitivity analysis
In the Tuckman model, _____ occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate.
storming
The _____ line for any e-mail messages you write should clearly state the intention of the e-mail.
subject
An example of push communication is _____.
voice mails
A(n) _____ is a Web site that enables anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify Web page content.
wiki
As a manager, you want to praise a team member, Phil, for doing a good job on a particular project. However, you know that Phil tends to be an introvert. Which of the following communication methods would Phil be most comfortable with?
Call Phil in for a private meeting to appreciate his work.
_____ are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.
Contingency plans
_____ involves monitoring identified and residual risks, identifying new risks, carrying out risk response plans, and evaluating the effectiveness of risk strategies throughout the life of the project.
Controlling risk
_____ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance.
Developing the project team
Which of the following is true of push communication?
Information is sent to recipients without their request.
_____ is a fact-finding technique that can be used for collecting information in face-to-face, phone, e-mail, or instant-messaging discussions.
Interviewing
_____ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance.
Managing the project team
_____ involves taking steps to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to meeting project objectives.
Planning risk responses
____ describe what the project team has accomplished during a certain period.
Progress reports
_____ involves doing whatever you can to make sure the positive risk happens.
Risk exploitation
_____ is at the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Self-actualization
In the MBTI, the _____ dimension relates to the manner in which you gather information.
Sensation/Intuition
Which of the following methods of communication is likely to be most effective for conveying sensitive or important information?
Short face-to-face meetings
_____ address where the project stands in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost goals.
Status reports
_____ emphasizes things such as job rotation, broadening of skills, generalization versus specialization, and the need for continuous training of workers.
Theory Z
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people with a high need for _____ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others.
affiliation
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders.
authority
According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the _____ method use a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts.
compromise
A(n) _____ is a diagramming analysis technique used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain.
decision tree
The bottom four needs in Maslow's structure are referred to as _____ needs.
deficiency
The main outputs of the _____ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors updates.
developing the project team
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) _____ is a medium that is "excellent" for encouraging creative thinking.
Recognizing an employee as the "Star Performer of the Month" would be satisfying the _____ need of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
esteem
Managing communications is part of the _____ process of the project communication management.
executing
The acquiring of the project team is a subprocess associated with the _____ process of project human resource management.
executing
The items discussed in a(n) _____ include reflections on whether project goals were met, whether the project was successful or not, the causes of variances on the project, the reasoning behind corrective actions chosen, the use of different project management tools and techniques, and personal words of wisdom based on team members' experiences.
lessons-learned report
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) _____ is the most appropriate medium for giving complex instructions.
meeting
According to the guidelines provided by Practical Communications, Inc., a(n) _____ is the most inappropriate medium for addressing negative behavior.
meeting
At the bottom of Maslow's structure are ----- needs.
physiological
Identifying risks is a subprocess of the _____ process of project risk management.
planning
Performing qualitative and quantitative risk analyses are subprocesses of the _____ process of project risk management.
planning
The output of the _____ process is a communications management plan.
planning communications
According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people who need personal _____ want to direct others and can be seen as bossy.
power
Unenforceable conditions or contract clauses and adversarial relations are risk conditions associated with the project _____ management knowledge area.
procurement
According to Thamhain and Wilemon, _____ is the ability to improve a worker's position.
promotion
A(n) _____ is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to a project over time.
resource histogram
Using the formula for calculating the number of communication channels, how many channels would five people require?
10
A team has 10 communication channels between its various members. Using the formula number of communication channels = n (n-1)/2, where n is the number of people in the team, the team has _____ members.
5
Research has indicated that in a face-to-face interaction, _____ percent of information is through body language.
58
