Project Management Exam Final

Sally receives the following information on her project: PV=100, AC=75, EV=100. How well is the project doing in terms of budget? A) Right on budget B) 25 under budget C) 25 over budget D) 50 under budget E) 50 over budget

25 under budget

Resource leveling or smoothing can have all the following results on a project EXCEPT A) Lower peak resource demand B) Reduced resource need over the life of the project C) Reduced fluctuations in resource demand D) A longer project duration E) A more sensitive network

A longer project duration

Governance of all project management processes and procedures helps provide senior management with all of the following EXCEPT A) A method to ensure projects that are important to senior management are being implemented B) An assessment of the risk their portfolio of projects represents C) An overview of all project management activities D) A metric to measure the improvement of managing projects relative to others in the industry E) A big picture of how organizational resources are being used.

A method to ensure projects that are important to senior management are being implemented

Which of the following represents an activity on an AON project network? A) An arrow B) A line C) A node D) Both an arrow and a line E) An arrow, a line and a node all represent activities

A node

Managing a project and leading a project are two different things. Project leadership is about coping with A) Formulating plans and objectives B) Monitoring results against plans C) Change D) Taking corrective action when necessary E) Designing structures and procedures

Change

When a project starts with a high priority but it is cancelled because its rank erodes or crashes during its project life cycle, this is an example of what type of project closure? A) Normal B) Premature C) Perpetual D) Failed Project E) Changed Priority

Changed Priority

Refining estimates may be necessary for a number of reasons. For example, a manager getting further into a project and obtaining a better understanding of what needs to be done to accomplish a project and meet the needs of the customer is an example of: A) Hidden interaction costs B) Things going wrong on a project C) Normal conditions not applying D) Changes in project scope E) There is never a good reason to refine estimates

Changes in project scope

If, for some reason, the project must be expedited to meet an earlier date, which of the following actions would the project manager take first? A) Check to see which activities cost the least B) Check to see which activities have the longest duration C) Check to see which activities are on the critical path D) Check to see which activities have the most slack E) Check to see which activities have the highest risk

Check to see which activities are on the critical path

There are 5 steps involved when defining a project, which of the following is the last? A) Code the WBS for the information system B) Assign the cost account to a manager C) Assign the work package to a manager D) Develop the responsibility matrix E) All of these are included in the final step

Code the WBS for the information system

Project success or failure often is reliant upon the contributions of all of the following groups of stakeholders EXCEPT A) Customers B) Suppliers C) Contractors D) Competitors E) Top management

Competitors

Which of the following cultural characteristic relates to the degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee and control employee behavior? A) Member identity B) Team emphasis C) Managerial focus D) Unit integration E) Control

Control

When a project manager reduces the intensity of the conflict by smoothing over differences or interjecting humor when dysfunctional conflict arises, they are attempting to _________ the conflict. A) Eliminate the conflict B) Control the conflict C) Mediate the conflict D) Arbitrate the conflict E) Encourage the conflict

Control the conflict

The direct cost for completing an activity in the shortest time it can realistically be completed in is called its __________ cost. A) Normal B) Reserve C) Crash D) Accelerated E) Expedited

Crash

Companies are using which of the following for improving the estimating process for future projects? A) Adjusting estimates based on individual forecasting abilities B) Benchmarking and using the experience of other companies C) Using time and motion studies D) Creating historical databases of previous projects E) Establishing an estimating training course for all employees

Creating historical databases of previous projects

What is the relationship between organizational culture and estimating? A) There is no relationship B) Cultural norms affect the accuracy of estimates C) Culture determines whether estimates are made D) Estimating alters cultural norms E) Estimating and culture are independent

Cultural norms affect the accuracy of estimates

One way of reducing project costs is identifying tasks that _________ can do themselves. A) Vendors B) Suppliers C) Customers D) Company employees E) Project teams

Customers

The second ring in the network of relationships for project managers includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) Other project managers B) Customers C) Functional managers D) Top management E) Project sponsors

Customers

A ___________ Gantt chart is a simple and effective way to depict progress on a project. A) Baseline B) Control C) Variance D) Tracking E) Simple

D) Tracking

If a project has more than one activity that can begin when the project is to start a common start node should be used to indicate a clear project beginning on the network. Without a common start node, each path is a A) Critical path B) Parallel path C) Dangler path D) Multiple start path E) Confused path

Dangler path

The following are responsibilities of the governance team when managing a portfolio system EXCEPT A) Deciding how they wish to balance the available organizational resources among the different types of projects B) Publishing the priority of every project and ensuring the process is open and free of power politics C) Evaluating the progress of the projects in the portfolio D) Constant scanning of the external environment to determine if organizational selection criteria need to be changed E) Communicating which projects are approved

Deciding how they wish to balance the available organizational resources among the different types of projects

Which of the following choices is NOT one of the driving forces behind the increasing demand for project management? A) Compression of the product life cycle B) Knowledge explosion C) Increasing need for multi-project management D) Declining need for product customization E) More sustainable business practices

Declining need for product customization

There are 5 steps involved when defining a project, which of the following is the first? A) Establish project priorities B) Define the project scope C) Verify the budget available D) Assign team members to work on the project E) Determine the required completion date

Define the project scope

In the _____________ stage of the project life cycle, project objectives are established, teams are formed, and major responsibilities are assigned. A) Identifying B) Defining C) Planning D) Executing E) Closing

Defining

Which of the following represents the correct order of stages within the project life cycle A) Planning, Defining, Executing, Closing B) Closing, Planning, Defining, Executing C) Defining, Planning, Executing, Closing D) Executing, Defining, Planning, Closing E) Planning, Defining, Closing, Executing

Defining, Planning, Executing, Closing

Scott has just been given a project that has a specific completion date. After a discussion with top management he finds that while the date is important the cost is more important and a slip in delivery would be acceptable if required to meet the cost targets. The completion date is best classified as A) Constrain B) Enhance C) Accept D) Limit E) Optional

Accept

Key practices in the partnering approach to managing contracted relationships include A) Single project contracting B) Risk being transferred to the other party C) Access to each other's organizational resources D) Structured communications E) Independent project teams

Access to each other's organizational resources

Technical constraints have been carefully considered when developing a project network. Which of the following is true at this point? A) Resources have been assigned to each activity so they are adequate to complete the project on time B) Activity 4 cannot be completed before activity 1 C) The project completion date can be established D) The project is ready to be implemented E) All of these are true statements once technical constraints have been established

Activity 4 cannot be completed before activity 1

Which of the following is provided by both the project network and the work breakdown structure? A) Dependencies B) Sequencing C) Interrelationships D) Activity duration E) Timing

Activity duration

During which stage of team development is high performance not a top priority and attention is devoted to wrapping up the project? A) Norming B) Storming C) Performing D) Adjourning E) Forming

Adjourning

The first step in facilitating group decision making is to A) Call a meeting to discuss the problem B) Identify the problem C) Agree that there is a problem D) Quantify the problem E) Generate alternatives

Agree that there is a problem

How does someone learn more about an organization's culture? A) Read about the organization B) Interpret stories about the organization C) Observe how people interact within the organization D) Study the physical characteristics of the organization E) All of these are examples of how someone can learn more about an organization's culture

All of these are examples of how someone can learn more about an organization's culture

Individual rewards for outstanding work would NOT include: A) Letters of commendation B) Public recognition C) Desirable job assignments D) Judiciously making exceptions to the rules E) All of these are examples of individual rewards for outstanding work

All of these are examples of individual rewards for outstanding work

Change management systems are designed to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT A) Track all changes that are to be implemented B) Review, evaluate, and approve/disapprove proposed changes formally C) Identify expected effects of proposed changes on schedule and budget D) Reflect scope changes in baseline and performance measures E) All of these are examples of what change management systems are designed to accomplish

All of these are examples of what change management systems are designed to accomplish

Establishing a team identity is facilitated by A) Team members working in a common space B) Creation of a project team name C) Effective use of meetings D) Team rituals E) All of these are facilitators of establishing a team identity

All of these are facilitators of establishing a team identity

Project management is important to understand when someone is a part of a project team because they A) Work with others to create a schedule and budget B) Need to understand project priorities so they can make independent decisions C) Need to be able to monitor and report project progress D) Need to understand the project charter or scope statement that defines the objectives and parameters of the project E) All of these are reasons it is important for project team members to understand project management

All of these are reasons it is important for project team members to understand project management

Which of the following is true of multi-weighted scoring models? A) Will include quantitative criteria B) Will include qualitative criteria C) Each criterion is assigned a weight D) Projects with higher scores are considered more desirable E) All of these are true

All of these are true

Which of the following groups should NOT be a part of the risk identification process? A) Project team B) Customers C) Subcontractors D) Vendors E) All of these groups can be included in the risk identification process

All of these groups can be included in the risk identification process

Having a strong communication plan can go a long way toward mitigating project problems. A communication plan should address all of the following EXCEPT A) When the information will be communicated B) How information should be communicated and to whom C) What methods will be used to gather and store information D) What information needs to be collected and are there limits as to who has access to it E) All of these should be addressed in a communication plan.

All of these should be addressed in a communication plan.

In order to formulate strategies that align with the mission, the organization will need to A) Assess internal strengths and weaknesses B) Analyze competitors C) Examine the external environment D) Know their core competencies E) All of these should be considered when formulating strategies

All of these should be considered when formulating strategies

These are all guidelines a project manager should consider when assigning project work EXCEPT A) Select people with compatible work habits and personalities B) Always assign the best people to the most difficult tasks C) When possible, team veterans up with new hires D) Select individuals with skillsets that complement each other E) Have people work together early so that they can become familiar with each other

Always assign the best people to the most difficult tasks

Adopting proven technology instead of experimental technology in order to eliminate technical failure would be an example of which risk response? A) Mitigating B) Retaining C) Ignoring D) Transferring E) Avoiding

Avoiding

Which of the following is a good example of a program? A) Planting a garden B) Developing a new residential area that includes six custom homes C) Developing a new marketing plan D) Taking notes each class meeting to prepare for the final E) Planning a wedding

Developing a new residential area that includes six custom homes

Which of the following projects would be least beneficial if additional resources were added? A) Splitting and stacking a cord of wood B) Developing new software C) Harvesting a crop by hand D) Building a cabin E) Moving to a new house

Developing new software

In a Project Cost-Duration Graph, total project costs are a sum of A) Labor, material and equipment costs B) Direct costs plus interest C) Direct labor costs and the project manager's salary D) Direct costs and the project manager's salary E) Direct and indirect costs

Direct labor costs and the project manager's salary

The salary of the project manager would be an example of what type of cost found in a project? A) Labor B) Direct C) Direct project overhead D) General and administrative overhead E) Salary

Direct project overhead

The value that tells you the planned value of work that has actually been completed is the A) SV B) PV C) EV D) AC E) CV

EV

The cost variance for a project is calculated by A) EV-AC B) AC-SV C) PV-EV D) CV-EV E) EV-PV

EV-AC

Which of the following methods will measure the cost efficiency of the work accomplished to date? A) SV/CV B) EV/PV C) EV/AC D) AC/SV E) AC/CV

EV/AC

Which of the following will correctly calculate the total slack in an activity? A) LS - ES B) LF - EF C) LS - LF D) LF - ES E) Either LS - ES or LF - EF

Either LS - ES or LF - EF

Which of the following is NOT considered a project indirect cost? A) Supervision B) Consultants C) Equipment D) Interest E) The project manager's salary

Equipment

Outsourced projects are susceptible to conflicts since people are unaccustomed to working together. Which of the following is a primary control mechanism for dealing with and resolving problems? A) Arbitration B) Escalation C) Collaboration D) Mediation E) Regulation

Escalation

There are 5 steps involved when defining a project, which of the following is the second? A) Analyze the strategic plan B) Analyze the current budget plan C) Establish project priorities D) Select team members E) Define the major objectives to meet the customer's needs

Establish project priorities

Which of the following is NOT involved in risk control? A) Executing the risk response strategy B) Initiating contingency plans C) Establishing a change control system D) Establishing contingency funds E) Watching for new risks

Establishing contingency funds

The process of forecasting or approximating the time and cost of completing project deliverables is called A) Budgeting B) Predicting C) Estimating D) Planning E) Guesstimating

Estimating

Which of the following is not a wrap-up closure activity that might be found on a checklist? A) Getting delivery acceptance from the customer B) Reassigning project team members C) Closing accounts and seeing all bills are paid D) Evaluation of team performance E) Creating a final report

Evaluation of team performance

In the _____________ stage of the project life cycle, a major portion of the physical project work performed. A) Identifying B) Defining C) Planning D) Executing E) Closing

Executing

All of the following are disadvantages of organizing projects within a matrix arrangement EXCEPT A) Dysfunctional conflict between functional managers and project managers B) Expensive C) Infighting D) Stressful E) Longer project duration

Expensive

A guide who leads the project team through an analysis of project activities that went well, what needs improvement, and development of a follow-up action plan with goals and accountability is a(n) A) Owner B) Project sponsor C) Project manager D) Facilitator E) Mediator

Facilitator

Which if the following does NOT help describe a bottom-up estimating approach? A) They are made by someone who uses experience and/or information from someone else to determine overall project cost and duration. B) They establish low-cost, efficient methods for completing activities C) They establish low-cost, efficient methods for completing activities D) Estimates are made at the work package level and then "rolled up" to determine estimates for major deliverables and for the project itself E) They can take place after the project has been planned in detail.

They are made by someone who uses experience and/or information from someone else to determine overall project cost and duration.

As a project is crashed and project duration is reduced, direct costs typically A) Increase B) Become unstable C) Decrease D) Become unreliable E) Stay the same

Increase

Which of the following would NOT be appropriate to assess when evaluating team performance? A) How well the team performed in terms of time, cost, and specifications B) Effectiveness of group decisions C) Individual strengths and weaknesses D) Customer satisfaction with project deliverables E) Trust among group members

Individual strengths and weaknesses

In terms of commonly traded organizational currencies, being involved in a task that has a large significance or having a chance to do something important and do it well are examples of ______ related currencies. A) Task B) Position C) Inspiration D) Relationship E) Personal

Inspiration

Which of the following is a good condition for top-down estimating? A) Cost and time important B) Fixed price contract C) Customer wants details D) Internal, small project E) Large scale project involving several sub-contractors

Internal, small project

All of the following are ways the WBS helps in managing projects EXCEPT A) With cost and time estimates the WBS makes it possible to plan, schedule and budget the project B) It provides management with information appropriate to each level C) It can be used to define communication channels D) It allows the project manager to establish the overall objective of the project E) As it is developed, organizational units and individuals can be assigned responsibility of work packages.

It allows the project manager to establish the overall objective of the project

Which of the following is true in regard to negotiation when managing projects? A) It is a competitive contest B) Each negotiator should win as much as he or she can for his or her side C) If project managers are not able win negotiations, they will not be seen as effective leaders D) Success is measured by how much is gained compared to the other party E) It cannot be viewed as a contest

It cannot be viewed as a contest

Which of the following is NOT true regarding scope creep? A) It commonly occurs late in projects B) It is frequently unnoticed until time delays or cost overruns are observed C) It wears down team motivation and cohesiveness D) Project suppliers resent frequent changes E) Scope changes can represent significant opportunity

It commonly occurs late in projects

The following is NOT true about project management A) It is not limited to the private sector B) Many opportunities are available for individuals interested in this career path C) It improves one's ability to plan, implement and manage activities to accomplish specific organizational objectives D) It focuses primarily on technical processes E) It is a set of tools

It focuses primarily on technical processes

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a projectized organization? A) It is expensive B) Longer project duration C) Poor integration D) High complexity E) Lack of focus on the project

It is expensive

Why is it necessary to have a time-phased budget baseline? A) It is needed for proper resource allocation B) It is needed in order to know how much work was accomplished for the money spent C) It is needed to reduce schedule slippage when scheduling multi-project resources D) It is not necessary to have a time-phased budget baseline E) It is needed to reduce fluctuations in cash flow during the project

It is needed in order to know how much work was accomplished for the money spent

Which of the following is NOT true regarding scope creep? A) It is when the cost of the project is more than expected B) It is the tendency for the project scope to expand over time C) It most likely caused by a scope statement that is too broad D) It can have both positive and negative impacts on a project E) It can lead to added costs and possible project delays

It is when the cost of the project is more than expected

All of the following are functions culture plays in an organization EXCEPT A) It provides a sense of identity B) It helps legitimize the management system C) It replaces the need for a project selection process D) It helps create social order E) It clarifies and reinforces standards of behavior

It replaces the need for a project selection process

Which of the following is NOT true for strategic management? A) It should be done once every few years just before developing the operating plan B) It supports consistency of action at every level of the organization C) It develops an integrated and coordinated long-term plan of action D) It positions the firm to meet the needs of its customers E) It involves responding to changes in the external market and allocating scarce resources to improve a competitive position

It should be done once every few years just before developing the operating plan

Which of the following correctly calculates the late start for an activity? A) EF - DUR B) ES - DUR C) LF - DUR D) ES - SL E) LF - SL

LF - DUR

Which of the following would best represent direct project costs? A) Only labor B) Only materials C) Only equipment D) Both labor and materials E) Labor, materials and equipment

Labor, materials and equipment

Laura is forecasting the time and cost of developing an intranet for a new customer. Her department has completed six such intranets for customers during the last two years. Although the proposed system is about the same size as the others she estimates that it will take about 10 percent less time and money. Which of the following methods is she using? A) Ratio B) Template C) Apportion D) Function point E) Learning curve

Learning curve

In selecting the best activity to crash you would first select the activity with the A) Earliest start time B) Most steep slope C) Least steep slope D) Longest duration E) Largest crash time

Least steep slope

Splitting an activity can result in all of the following EXCEPT A) Less people needed to work on an activity B) Possible startup and shutdown costs C) A resource may being moved from one activity to another and then back again D) Activity work being placed on hold for a period of time until more resources are available E) A better project schedule

Less people needed to work on an activity

An analysis carried out during and shortly after the project life cycle that attempts to capture positive and negative learning is represented in which of the following? A) Scenario analysis B) Variance analyses C) Lessons learned D) Performance evaluation E) Strategic objectives

Lessons learned

The process for capturing lessons learned continues to evolve, but there are still many barriers to effectively capitalizing on lessons learned that have been identified. The following are examples of these barriers EXCEPT A) Lack of time B) Teams get little direction or support after lessons are reported C) Lessons learned often degenerate into blame sessions D) Lessons learned are being used across different locations E) The organizational culture doesn't support the effort that it takes to capitalize on lessons learned

Lessons learned are being used across different locations

Risks are evaluated in terms of A) Likelihood and cost B) Cost and schedule C) Impact and cost D) Time and impact E) Likelihood and impact

Likelihood and impact

The relationship between the normal point and the crash point is assumed to be: A) Linear B) Curvilinear C) Variable D) Conversely related E) Exponentially related

Linear

Bill is building a project network that involves testing a prototype. He must design the prototype (activity 1), build the prototype (activity 2), and test the prototype (activity 3). Activity one is the predecessor for activity 2 and activity 2 is the predecessor for activity 3. If the prototype fails testing, Bill must redesign the prototype; therefore, activity 3 is a predecessor for activity 1. This is an example of A) Conditional statements B) Looping C) Having more than one start node D) Good network development E) Natural network flow

Looping

Which of the following is used at Hewlett-Packard for building relationships with key players that will determine a project's success? A) MBO B) MBA C) GIGO D) MBWA E) PMI

MBWA

Funds that are for identified risks that have a low probability of occurring and that decrease as the project progresses are called ______ reserves. A) Management B) Budget C) Contingency D) Padded E) Just in case

Management

Which of the following cultural characteristics relates to the degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes? A) Risk tolerance B) Reward criteria C) Conflict tolerance D) Means versus end orientation E) Open-systems focus

Means versus end orientation

The second step in the project control process for measuring and evaluating project performance is to A) Review the baseline plan with top management B) Analyze inputs to control system C) Compare plan against actual D) Measure progress and performance E) Review spending with team members

Measure progress and performance

An activity that has more than one dependency arrow flowing into it is termed a(n) A) Parallel activity B) Critical path C) Burst activity D) Merge activity E) Independent activity

Merge activity

In reviewing the project plan, Susan sees that the first prototype must be completed by October 12. This would be best classified as a A) Project target B) Limit item C) Milestone D) Project objective E) Critical goal

Milestone

Which of the following is the correct order for the strategic management process? A) Strategies, mission, objectives, projects B) Objectives, projects, mission, strategies C) Mission, strategies, objectives, projects D) Objectives, mission, strategies, projects E) Projects, mission, strategies, objectives

Mission, strategies, objectives, projects

Which of the following is commonly associated with high-performing project teams? A) Risk taking is controlled and not allowed to jeopardize the overall project B) Roles and specific responsibilities are well-defined C) A degree of competition among team members is encouraged D) Mistakes are viewed as opportunities for learning E) Team members are selected with similar talents to enhance cohesion

Mistakes are viewed as opportunities for learning

Susie's department is implementing many projects. She finds herself starting and stopping work on one task to go and work on another task, and then return to the work on the original task. Susie is experiencing A) Poor scheduling B) Excess work burden C) Flexible tasking D) Multitasking E) Burnout

Multitasking

Research consistently points out that project success is strongly affected by the degree to which a project has the support of top management. The following are ways a project manager can manage upward relationships EXCEPT A) Never ignore the chains of command B) Prove loyalty C) Pick the optimum time to appeal to top management D) Consistently follow through on requests E) Accept profound differences in perspective and become skilled at the art of persuading superiors

Never ignore the chains of command

The __________ financial model measures the current value of all cash inflows using management's minimum desired rate of return. A) FUBAR B) ARR C) IRS D) IRB E) None of these

None of these

Before crashing, direct costs for an activity represent normal costs, which typically mean low cost, efficient methods for completing the activity in a(n) ________ amount of time. A) Normal B) Budgeted C) Optimized D) Expected E) Targeted

Normal

During which stage of team development do close relationships develop and the group demonstrates cohesiveness? A) Norming B) Storming C) Performing D) Adjourning E) Forming

Norming

When translated into a project network, a work package will become A) A single activity B) One or more activities C) A milestone D) A critical path E) An arrow

One or more activities

Which of the following is NOT true about an organization's strategy? A) Strategy determines how an organization will compete B) Strategy is implemented through projects C) Only top management must understand strategy D) Project selection should be clearly aligned to strategy E) Project management plays a key role in supporting strategy

Only top management must understand strategy

The transferring of business functions or processes to other companies has traditionally been known as A) Subcontracting B) Downsizing C) Partnering D) Joint venture E) Outsourcing

Outsourcing

Corporate downsizing has increased the trend toward A) Reducing the number of projects a company initiates B) Outsourcing significant segments of project work C) Using dedicated project teams D) Shorter project lead times E) Longer project lead times

Outsourcing significant segments of project work

A CPI or SPI value less than one indicates that the project is A) Under cost or behind schedule B) Over cost or ahead of schedule C) Under cost or ahead of schedule D) Over cost or behind schedule E) On cost or on schedule

Over cost or behind schedule

Which of the follow is least likely to be included in a work package? A) How long the work package should take to complete B) A description of work to be performed C) Overhead expenses D) How much the work package should cost to complete E) The person responsible for the work package

Overhead expenses

Which of the following is NOT typical of a project manager? A) Managing a temporary activity B) Overseeing existing operations C) Managing a non-repetitive activity D) Responsible for time, cost and performance trade-offs E) Work with a group of outsiders, including vendors and suppliers

Overseeing existing operations

Each retrospective is assigned a(n) _________, typically a team member who is very interested in and familiar with the retrospective. This individual will serve as the contact point for anyone needing information relating to the retrospective. A) Owner B) Project sponsor C) Project manager D) Facilitator E) Mediator

Owner

Janet is forecasting how much money her department needs to support a new project. She estimates that two people and $25,000 in expenses will cover her needs. Because management typically insists on reducing forecasts by 20 percent, she increases her estimates to allow for that reduction. Which of the following factors is illustrated in this situation? A) Padding estimates B) Planning horizon C) Project structure D) People E) Organization culture

Padding estimates

Activities which can take place at the same time are termed A) Parallel activity B) Critical path C) Burst activity D) Merge activity E) Independent activity

Parallel activity

The result of teambuilding among the project's participants that states their common goals for the project as well as the procedures that will be used to achieve these goals is a A) Signed contract B) Legal partnership agreement C) Project plan D) Partnering charter E) Responsibility matrix

Partnering charter

A good starting point for developing time and cost estimates is A) Past experience B) Work packages C) Task analysis D) Time and motion studies E) Work breakdown structure

Past experience

Sam, the project engineer, has been scheduled to run the product system test at the same time he is to build a marketing prototype. This is an example of what type of resource constraint? A) Physical B) Technical C) People D) Equipment E) Time

People

Which of the following would be defined as the ability to lead and manage yourself by establishing a sense for who you are, what you stand for and how you should behave? A) Proactive B) Emotional intelligence C) Empathetic D) Sense of purpose E) Personal integrity

Personal integrity

Organizational culture is best explained as organizational A) Personality B) Hierarchy C) Reporting relationships D) Background E) Management style

Personality

The traits of successful project managers include all of the following EXCEPT A) Pessimist B) Proactive C) Skillful politician D) Effective time management E) Personal integrity

Pessimist

The earned value system starts with the time-phased costs that provide the project baseline, which is called the A) Planned budgeted value of work scheduled B) Planned budgeted value of work completed C) Earned value of work scheduled D) Scheduled value of work scheduled E) Scheduled value of work completed

Planned budgeted value of work scheduled

________ activities must be completed immediately before a particular activity. A) Merge B) Burst C) Predecessor D) Successor E) Parallel

Predecessor

When the project may be completed early with some parts of the project eliminated this is considered to be ___________ closure. A) Normal B) Premature C) Perpetual D) Changed Priority E) Failed Project

Premature

Which of these is NOT part of the "technical dimension" of project management? A) WBS B) Budgets C) Problem solving D) Schedules E) Status reports

Problem solving

The WBS is best suited for projects that have a tangible outcome. Which of the following is used when the final outcome of the project is less tangible or is a product of a series of steps or phases? A) Responsibility matrix B) Organization breakdown structure C) A work breakdown structure is still effective for these types of projects D) Priority matrix E) Process breakdown structure

Process breakdown structure

One of the primary jobs of a project manager is to manage the trade-offs associated with the project. Which of the following is NOT one of the basic classifications of project priorities? A) Profit B) Cost C) Time D) Performance E) All of these are basic classifications

Profit

From the list below, which is NOT a primary characteristic of organizational culture? A) Control B) Team emphasis C) Profitability D) Conflict tolerance E) Risk tolerance

Profitability

A tool used to monitor past project schedule performance, current performance, and to estimate future schedule trends is a simple line chart known as a A) Project control chart B) Gantt chart C) PERT chart D) Network diagram E) Milestone chart

Project control chart

Which of the following statements is true? A) Project management is far from a standard way of doing business B) Project management is increasingly contributing to achieving organizational strategies C) Project management is being used at a consistent percentage of a firm's efforts D) Project management is a specialty that few organizations have access to E) All of these statements are false

Project management is increasingly contributing to achieving organizational strategies

Which of the following is NOT true about organizational politics A) Project managers should not engage in organizational politics B) Politics can have a significant influence on which projects receive funding C) Politics exist in every organization D) Politics can influence project selection E) Politics can play a role in the aspirations behind projects

Project managers should not engage in organizational politics

The _________ is used to assist in making project trade-offs between schedule, budget, and performance objectives. A) Responsibility matrix B) Work breakdown structure C) Project priority matrix D) Work package E) Criterion matrix

Project priority matrix

A project team that operates with a full-time project manager as a separate unit from the rest of the organization is structured using ________ organization. A) Functional B) Balanced matrix C) Weak matrix D) Strong matrix E) Projectized

Projectized

To provide greater clarity to business ethics, many companies and professional groups A) Encourage managers to rely on their own personal sense of right and wrong B) Post consequences to unethical behavior C) Publish a code of conduct D) Conduct annual training seminars on business ethics E) Establish a reward system for those who display ethical behavior

Publish a code of conduct

Which of the following is NOT one of the requirements for successful implementation of strategies through projects? A) Allocation of resources B) Prioritizing of projects C) Motivation of project contributors D) Adequate planning and control systems E) Quality management

Quality management

Rob is responsible for estimating a work package that has a significant amount of uncertainty associated with the time and cost to complete. Due to the uncertainty involved he will be making a low, an average and a high estimate. Rob is using which estimating approach? A) Parametric procedures applied to specific tasks B) Template method C) Apportion method D) Range estimating E) Learning curve

Range estimating

Long-term partnerships will provide all the following EXCEPT A) Improved communication B) More efficient utilization of resources C) Reduced communication requirements D) Lower administrative costs E) Improved innovation

Reduced communication requirements

Advantages of outsourcing project work may likely include all of the following EXCEPT A) Shortened project duration B) Reduced costs C) Higher level of expertise D) Reduced conflict E) Increased flexibility

Reduced conflict

When a project manager must reduce project duration but resources are constrained, creating a software program that will have fewer features than originally planned or building a house without the bonus room the owner originally specified in the plans would both be examples of A) Fast-Tracking B) Using critical-chain project management C) Reducing project scope D) Compromising quality E) Doing it twice- first fast and then correctly

Reducing project scope

Project managers play a key role in developing high-performance project teams. Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to this role? A) Conduct project meetings B) Recruit team members C) Manage a reward system D) Manage conflict E) Report progress to top management

Report progress to top management

In reviewing the status of her project with top management, Shirley was told that there are only two programmers that she can use for her project. Her project is classified as __________ constrained. A) Time B) Quality C) Cost D) Performance E) Resource

Resource

The risk associated with the unlikelihood that one of the key members will be stuck by lightning would most likely be handled by which of the following? A) Mitigating B) Retaining C) Ignoring D) Transferring E) Avoiding

Retaining

Which part of the final report examines in detail the underlying causes of problems, issues, and successes relative to the project and includes concise, factual review statements of the project? A) Executive summary B) Review and analysis C) Recommendations D) Lessons learned E) Appendix

Review and analysis

The following are distinguishing characteristics of retrospectives methodology EXCEPT A) Uses an independent facilitator B) Establishes in-process learning gates during the project life cycle C) An owner, typically a team member, is assigned D) Reviews cannot be linked to percent complete E) A repository is developed that is easy to use

Reviews cannot be linked to percent complete

Cost slope can be determined by dividing the A) Run by the rise B) Rise by the run C) Crash cost by the normal cost D) Normal cost by the crash cost E) Indirect cost by direct cost

Rise by the run

An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on project objectives is termed a A) Random chance B) Disaster C) Risk D) Hazard E) Bad luck

Risk

Organizations use __________ in conjunction with work breakdown structures to help management teams identify and eventually analyze risk. A) Risk breakdown structures B) Contingency breakdown structures C) Scenario analysis D) Organizational breakdown structure E) Risk assessment

Risk breakdown structures

_______________ focuses on how to respond to events that have a positive impact on a project A) Risk management B) Value management C) Contingency management D) Prospect management

Risk management

A list of questions that address traditional areas of uncertainty on a project is termed a A) Risk profile B) Questionnaire C) Research matrix D) Query E) Checklist

Risk profile

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the risk management process? A) Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the risk management process? B) Risk assessment C) Risk identification D) Risk tracking E) Risk response control

Risk tracking

Nancy tells her supervisor that as of right now, $1.05 worth of work has been accomplished for each $1 worth of scheduled work. Nancy got this information from viewing the A) SV B) TCPI C) CPI D) SPI E) PCIB

SPI

Which of the following terms is often used to denote a project that a powerful, high-ranking official is advocating? A) Sacred cow B) Pet Project C) Political necessity D) Special undertaking E) Strategic ploy

Sacred cow

During the delivery phase of a project's life cycle, the most significant source of conflict is A) Schedules B) Priorities C) Technical D) Procedures E) Costs

Schedules

The tendency for the project deliverables to expand over time—usually by changing requirements, specifications, and priorities—is called: A) Scope erosion B) Scope creep C) Project bloat D) Scope enhancement E) Project add-ons

Scope creep

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of failing to identify limited resources before project implementation? A) Activity delays B) Project delays C) Difficulty in taking quick corrective action D) Increase costs E) Scope creep

Scope creep

The risk management tool that is divided into three color-coded zones representing major, moderate, and minor risks is the risk A) Assessment form B) Responsibility matrix C) Scenario assessment D) Impact assessment E) Severity matrix

Severity matrix

Best practices in outsourcing project work include all the following EXCEPT A) Well defined requirements and procedures B) Training and teambuilding activities C) Well-established conflict management processes D) Frequent reviews and status updates E) Short-term, no pressure, outsourcing relationships

Short-term, no pressure, outsourcing relationships

Mathematically, customer satisfaction is a function of the extent to which perceived performance exceeds expectations. A customer satisfaction ratio of .95 indicates that a customer is A) Very satisfied B) Slightly satisfied C) Neutral. Expectations were met D) Slightly dissatisfied E) Very dissatisfied

Slightly dissatisfied

The cost impact of a risk event occurring as a project proceeds through its life cycle tends to A) Slowly rise B) Drop sharply and then level out C) Rise sharply and then level out D) Remain about the same E) Slowly drop

Slowly rise

In a resource-constrained project the second priority in assigning resources is usually given to activities with the A) Smallest duration B) Least slack C) Most slack D) Lowest identification number E) Highest cost

Smallest duration

Resources are adequate, but demand varies widely over the life of the project. Delaying noncritical activities to lower peak demand on resources is known as resource A) Shifting B) Effectiveness C) Manipulating D) Smoothing E) Allocation

Smoothing

Reducing project duration A) Involves crashing all activities to their crash point B) Can only be done when resources are not constrained C) Is always more expensive D) Tends to increase network sensitivity E) Should be considered for all projects

Tends to increase network sensitivity

More and more companies are discarding the traditional superior-subordinate performance feedback process and replacing it with a multi-rater appraisal called A) Critical incidences review B) Management by objectives C) The 360-degree feedback D) Team evaluation survey E) Retrospectives

The 360-degree feedback

Tony has realized that two activities in his project cannot be done at the same time because not enough resources are available. Activity 3 is critical and has a duration of 5 days. Activity 4 has 2 days of slack and a duration of 2 days. How will he decide which activity should be scheduled first? A) The activity with the smallest duration B) The activity with the least slack C) The activity with the most slack D) The activity with the lowest identification number E) The activity with the highest cost

The activity with the least slack

In a resource-constrained project, which of the following is most likely to be changed? A) The completion date B) The budget C) Project quality D) Resource levels E) Scope creep

The completion date

Which metaphor best captures the role of a project manager? A) The conductor of an orchestra B) The point guard on a basketball team C) A programmer on a software development team D) A scout on an exploration E) A mathematics instructor

The conductor of an orchestra

Which of the following summarizes project performance and provides useful information for continuous improvement? A) Customer acceptance B) The final report C) Team evaluation D) 360 degree feedback E) Project summary

The final report

There are two important factors that affect the recruitment of project members. Which of the following is one of those factors? A) The budget available B) The size of the project C) The management structure being used to complete the project D) The level of innovation and technical expertise needed E) Organizational culture

The management structure being used to complete the project

The first project meeting is critical to the early functioning of the project team. Which of the following is NOT true regarding this meeting? A) An overview of the project's scope and objectives should be addressed B) Interpersonal interaction concerns should be addressed C) The project manager must model how the team will work together D) The meeting will need to be as long as necessary to cover the main objectives of a first meeting E) The meeting should be productive, well-organized and realistic.

The meeting will need to be as long as necessary to cover the main objectives of a first meeting

The highest element in the hierarchical breakdown of the WBS is A) A work package B) Sub deliverables C) A cost account D) Major deliverables E) The project

The project

All of the following are benefits of scheduling resources before project implementation EXCEPT: A) It allows time for considering reasonable options if resource constraints do exist B) The project completion date can be established C) Work packages can be time-phased D) It allows managers to share resources with other project managers if it is requested without negatively impacting their project. E) It ensures low network sensitivity

The project completion date can be established

The purpose of project evaluation is to assess how well A) The project team performed B) The team members performed C) The project manager performed D) The project team and team members performed E) The project team, team members and the project manager performed

The project team, team members and the project manager performed

Jessica just received the following information on her project: PV =200, EV=300, AC=250, BAC=1500, EAC=1208. In terms of cost at completion A) The project will currently finish under budget B) The project will currently finish over budget C) The project will currently finish on budget D) The project will currently finish behind schedule E) There is insufficient information to draw conclusions

The project will currently finish under budget

Regardless of the criteria differences among different types of projects, the most important criterion for project selection is A) How the project will balance risk within the project portfolio B) The project's fit to the organization strategy C) Compliance D) Non-financial E) Profit

The project's fit to the organization strategy

How is project scope defined? A) The length of your project and how much it will cost B) The deliverables or outputs during the course of the project C) The range of resources you have available and their capabilities D) What you expect to deliver to your customer when the project is complete E) The range of customer expectations

The range of resources you have available and their capabilities

Intense global competition and rapid technological advances create pressure on developing projects rapidly. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by: A) Imposed project deadlines B) Time to market C) Unforeseen project delays D) High overhead E) Incentive contracts

Time to market

Most of the scheduling methods available today require the project manager to classify the project as either _______ constrained or ______ constrained. A) Time, quality B) Quality, resource C) Cost, time D) Quality, cost E) Time, resource

Time, resource

Baseline project budgets are derived from A) The organization's overall budget B) Time-phasing the work packages C) Top management directions D) The total direct, direct project overhead and G&A overhead costs E) The earned value system

Time-phasing the work packages

Reasons why estimating time and cost are important include all of the following EXCEPT A) To schedule work B) To determine how long the project should take and cost C) To develop cash flow needs D) To determine how well the project is progressing E) To help establish a project selection process

To help establish a project selection process

A Fixed price contract is an example of ___________. A) Avoiding risk B) Transferring risk C) Accepting risk D) Ignoring risk E) Mitigating risk

Transferring risk

Which of the following cultural characteristics relates to the degree to which groups within the organization are encouraged to operate in a coordinated or independent manner? A) Member identity B) Team emphasis C) Managerial focus D) Unit integration E) Control

Unit integration

Which of the following is NOT a role of the closure facilitator? A) Create an environment in which stakeholders feel safe to provide input B) Lead the team in exploring new ways for solving problems C) Uses several questionnaires as a starting point to conduct the post-project retrospective D) Get delivery acceptance from the customer E) Elicit a 360 degree view and input from all stakeholders to create a more complete picture of project issues

Get delivery acceptance from the customer

Which of the following groups of stakeholders place constraints on project work such as requiring permits to be secured, that work is built to code, or that safety standards are met? A) Project sponsors B) Government agencies C) Project managers D) Customers E) Top management

Government agencies

It is going to cost $80,000 a day to simply house and feed a construction crew in the farthest reaches of Northern Alaska. This is an example of reducing project duration due to A) Imposed project deadlines B) Time to market C) Unforeseen project delays D) High overhead E) Incentive contracts

High overhead

The forward pass in project network calculations determines all of the following EXCEPT A) Earliest time an activity can begin B) Earliest time an activity can be finished C) Duration of the project D) The critical path E) How soon the project can be finished

How soon the project can be finished

Which of the following problems refers to lack of understanding and consensus of organization strategy among top and middle-level managers? This also can result when top management formulates strategy and leaves implementation to functional managers. A) Multitasking B) Organization politics C) Implementation gap D) Resource conflicts E) Employee turnover

Implementation gap

Without any formal planning, the president of a software company remarks in a speech that new technologically advanced software will be available in one year. This may lead to a project that must be done faster than anticipated. This is an example of reducing project duration caused by: A) Imposed project deadlines B) Time to market C) Unforeseen project delays D) High overhead E) Incentive contracts

Imposed project deadlines

Which of the following is NOT true of project management structures? A) They provide a framework for launching and implementing projects B) They appropriately balance the needs of both the parent organization and the project C) In selecting a management structure, the culture of the organization is not a huge consideration D) The project itself should be considered when determining which structure is best E) They help determine who has most authority in regard to managing the project

In selecting a management structure, the culture of the organization is not a huge consideration

Project managers who understand the role that their project plays in accomplishing the organization's strategy are able to do all of the following EXCEPT A) Demonstrate to senior management how their project contributes to the firm's mission B) Explain to team members why certain project objectives and priorities are critical C) Explain to stakeholders why certain project objectives and priorities are critical D) Be able to respond appropriately to delays and/or questions about product design E) Be able to focus on problems or solutions, even if the project is a low priority strategically

Be able to focus on problems or solutions, even if the project is a low priority strategically

Principled negotiation emphasizes developing win/win solutions while protecting yourself against those who would take advantage of your forthrightness. Which of the following is NOT one of the key points of principled negotiation? A) Use objective criteria when possible B) Be honest and forthright C) Focus on interests, not positions D) Separate the people from the problem E) Invent options for mutual gain

Be honest and forthright

What does the acronym BATNA stand for? A) Best alternative to a negotiated agreement B) Be able to negotiate an agreement C) Better ability to negotiate an agreement D) Best ability to have a negotiated agreement E) Better agree than no agreement

Best alternative to a negotiated agreement

All of the following are organizational considerations when determining the right project management structure EXCEPT A) How important project management is to the success of the organization? B) What percentage of core work involves projects? C) Resource availability D) Assess current practices and determine any changes that are needed to more effectively manage projects. E) Budget constraints

Budget constraints

Of the following costs, which are NOT included in baseline? A) Suppliers B) Equipment C) Labor D) Budget reserves E) Contractors

Budget reserves

When considering the following activities, which is the best example of a project? A) Processing insurance claims B) Producing automobiles C) Writing a policy manual D) Monitoring product quality E) Overseeing customer requests

Writing a policy manual

When considering principled negotiation, revealing why you are trying to achieve something instead of demanding what you want or need is an example of A) Separate people from the problem B) Be honest C) Focus on interests, not positions D) Invent options for mutual gain E) When possible, use objective criteria

Focus on interests, not positions

The following are necessary when mapping dependencies or building a social network EXCEPT A) Identify those on whom the project depends for success B) Identify whose opposition would keep you from accomplishing the project C) Examine what sources of influence you have relative to those on whom you depend D) Focus on the relationships with project team members since they are doing the project work and you have most influence over them E) Diagnose another's point of view as well as the basis for their positions

Focus on the relationships with project team members since they are doing the project work and you have most influence over them

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a characteristic of a project? A) An established objective B) A clear beginning and end C) Specific time, cost and performance requirements D) For internal use only E) Something never been done before

For internal use only

Tom is managing a project team responsible for building a new office building that started this week. He notices that team members are trying out different behaviors to see what is acceptable to the project and personal relations. Which stage of development is the team in? A) Norming B) Storming C) Performing D) Adjourning E) Forming

Forming

Which of the following can be used without coordinating with managers of succeeding activities? A) Total slack B) Free slack C) Critical float D) Float pad E) Slip pad

Free slack

Sean is forecasting the time and cost of developing a customized software program by looking at the number of inputs, outputs, inquires, files, and interfaces. Which of the following methods is he using? A) Ratio B) Template C) Apportion D) Function point E) Learning curve

Function point

Bill is working on a project involving the upgrading of a management information system. The project is being managed by the information systems department with the coordination of other departments occurring through normal channels. He is working in _________ A) Functional B) Balanced matrix C) Weak matrix D) Strong matrix E) Projectized

Functional

Why are extensive training and team building activities important when managing contracted relationships? A) Extensive training and team building activities are not worth the effort because people issues will usually work themselves out over time. B) So team members are provided with a theoretical understanding of the barriers to collaboration as well as the skills and procedures to be successful. C) So conflict management processes can be put into place D) So teams can still function together when co-location is not important for project success E) So teams can identify difficult individuals and keep their distance during the project

So team members are provided with a theoretical understanding of the barriers to collaboration as well as the skills and procedures to be successful.

Which dimension of project management centers on creating a temporary social system within a larger organizational environment that combines the talents of a divergent set of professionals working to complete the project? A) Communication B) Sociocultural C) Social D) Technical E) Scheduling

Sociocultural

A high ranking manager who advocates the project and uses their influence to gain approval of the project is a project A) Promoter B) Champion C) Godfather D) Sponsor E) Advocate

Sponsor

When project managers recognize that if they want participants to exceed project expectations then they have to exceed others' expectations of a good project manager, they are leading by example through which of the following aspects? A) Urgency B) Problem solving C) Priorities D) Standards of performance E) Ethics

Standards of performance

Concurrent engineering, which has dramatically reduced the development time for new products, relies of what kind of lag? A) Start to Start lags B) Start to Finish lags C) Finish to Finish lags D) Finish to Start lags E) Any of these could be correct

Start to Start lags

Which of the following is part of the traditional approach to managing contracted relationships? A) Structured communications B) Long-term commitment C) Total company involvement D) Shared risk E) Mutual trust

Structured communications

In terms of commonly traded organizational currencies, sharing personnel, undertaking unwanted tasks or providing technical knowledge are examples of ______ related currencies. A) Task B) Position C) Inspiration D) Relationship E) Personal

Task

Experience and research indicate that high-performance project teams are much more likely to develop under all the following conditions EXCEPT A) Members are assigned to the project full time B) Members report solely to the project manager C) There are 10 or fewer members per team D) Team members are selected by their managers E) The project involves a compelling objective

Team members are selected by their managers

The content of the final report typically includes the following topics EXCEPT A) Lessons learned B) Review and analysis C) Recommendations D) Executive summary E) Team reviews

Team reviews

When developing a new software package, logically, the software must be designed before the code is written, and the code must be written before it is tested. These activities are dependent on each other by _________ constraints. A) Physical B) Technical C) Resource D) Schedule E) Time

Technical

Which of the following describes the consensus method? A) Only should be used for projects that require the same task, group of tasks, or product be repeated several times B) Uses several people with relevant experience regarding the task at hand to make time and cost estimates C) Uses pooled experience of senior and/or middle managers to estimate the total project duration and cost. D) Uses the number of square feet to estimate the total cost and time of the project E) Uses weighted macro variables or major parameters such as the number of inputs or outputs to estimate the total cost and time of the project

Uses pooled experience of senior and/or middle managers to estimate the total project duration and cost.

The indicator that tells you the amount each remaining dollar must earn in order for the project to stay within budget is the A) PCIC B) VAC C) CPI D) SPI E) TCPI

VAC

In which of the following is the balance of authority strongly in favor of the functional managers? A) Weak matrix B) Balanced matrix C) Strong matrix D) Matrix E) Neutral matrix

Weak matrix

Which are the three different matrix systems discussed in the text? A) Functional, Weak, Strong B) Balanced, Functional, Projectized C) Weak, Strong, Balanced D) Neutral, Weak, Strong E) Functional, Neutral, Projectized

Weak, Strong, Balanced

The project manager must quickly establish operational ground rules for how the team will work together. These include planning, tracking, managing change, and relationship decisions. Which of the following is an example of a planning decision? A) What departments will the team need to interact with during the project? B) What are the specific roles and responsibilities of all the participants? C) Who will generate and distribute reports? D) How will changes be documented and evaluated? E) How will progress be assessed?

What are the specific roles and responsibilities of all the participants?

Which of the following questions does the organization's mission statement answer? A) What are our long-term strategies? B) What are our long-term goals and objectives? C) How do we operate in the existing environment? D) What do we want to become? E) All of these are answered by the mission statement

What do we want to become?

Which of the following would be an appropriate situation to require facilitating group decision making? A) A mechanical engineer is stuck trying to meet performance criteria for a prototype B) When strong group commitment is needed to decide methods to reduce project scope C) Expectations are unclear regarding a specific task D) Materials needed to finish a custom kitchen have not been determined E) Dysfunctional conflict between two project team members needs to be resolved

When strong group commitment is needed to decide methods to reduce project scope

Ultimate success of the project is determined by A) Whether the project was completed on time B) Whether the customer is happy C) Whether the project meets specifications D) Whether the project was under budget E) Whether the project served the purpose it intended

Whether the customer is happy