Project Management: QUALITY MANAGEMENT

If the values generated from a process are normally distributed around the mean value, what percentage of the data points generated by the process will not fall within plus or minus three standard deviations of the mean? A. 99.7% B. 95.4% C. 68.3% D. 0.3%

0.3%

The upper and lower control limits are typically set:

3 σ (three sigma) from the mean in each direction

The alternative to 3 sigma is:

6 sigma

According to Deming, what percentage of the costs of quality is generally attributable to management?

85%

If the upper and lower control limits of a process are set at plus or minus three sigma, then what percent of the units produced are expected to satisfy the customer's requirements?

99.73%

Which of the following is not generally a special cause variability? A. A point outside of the control limit B. A value of sigma greater than 0.32. C. Hugging the control limit D. The application of the rule of 7

A value of sigma greater than 0.32.

Acceptance sampling is a statistical process for evaluating a portion of lot for the purpose of:

Acceptance or rejection of the entire lot

Which of the following is true of modern quality management? A. Quality is defined by the customer. B. Quality has become a competitive weapon. C. Quality is now an integral part of strategic planning. D. All are true.

All are true.

A company dedicated to quality usually provides training for:

All employees

Quality assurance includes: A. Identifying objectives and standards B. Conducting quality audits C. Planning for continuous collection of data D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following are tools of quality control? A. Sampling tables B. Process charts C. Statistical and mathematical techniques D. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following are typical tools of statistical process control? A. Pareto analysis B. Cause-and-effect analysis C. Process control charts D. All of the above

All of the above

Quality audits:

Are necessary for validation that the quality policy is being followed and adhered to

The fact that random variation is always present in any process is called:

Common cause variability

Which of the following quality gurus believe "zero-defects" is achievable? A. Deming B. Juran C. Crosby D. All of the above

Crosby

Which of the following quality gurus focused on the four absolutes of quality?

Crosby

Quality is defined by the:

Customer

In today's view of quality, who defines quality?

Customers

The plan-do-check-act cycle is attributed to:

Deming

Which quality guru was heavily involved with quality control charts?

Deming

The cause and effect chart is used to _____.

Determine its cause

True or False: Crosby believed that the cost of quality was the cost of conformance to quality.

False

Customers are now demanding:

Higher performance requirements

Which of the following is not one of the four categories of the cost of quality? A. Prevention B. Identification C. Internal failures D. External failures

Identification

In which project life cycle phase does quality begin?

Initiation/planning

Inspection:

Is expensive and time-consuming

Which of the following quality gurus developed an approach for determining the cost of quality?

Juran

Which of the following methods is best suited to identifying the "vital few?" A. Pareto analysis B. Cause-and-effect analysis C. Trend analysis D. Process control charts

Pareto analysis

What is the order of the four steps in Deming's Cycle for Continuous Improvement?

Plan, do, check, and act

A document that states the principles of quality is a quality _____.

Policy

The primary use of control charts is to:

Prevent defects

The person ultimately responsible for the quality of the deliverable is the:

Project manager

A well-written policy statement on quality will:

Promote consistency throughout the organization and across projects

What are the components of Juran's Trilogy?

Quality Improvement, Quality Planning, and Quality Control

The collective term for the formal quality activities and processes is called:

Quality assurance

The collective term for the activities and techniques within the overall process is called:

Quality control

Which of the following is not one of Crosby's Four Absolutes of Quality? A. Quality means conformance to requirements. B. Quality comes from prevention. C. Quality is measured by the cost of conformance. D. Quality means that the performance standard is "zero-defects."

Quality is measured by the cost of conformance.

The balance between quality and cost is called:

Salability

When a process is set up optimally, the upper and lower specification limits typically are:

Set outside the upper and lower control limits

Design of experiments is attributed to:

Taguchi

Which of the following is not indicative of today's views of the quality management process applied to a given project? A. Defects should be highlighted and brought to the surface. B. The ultimate responsibility for quality lies primarily with senior management or sponsor but everyone should be involved. C. Quality saves money. D. Problem identification leads to cooperative solutions.

The ultimate responsibility for quality lies primarily with senior management or sponsor

True or False: A Pareto diagram is used to identify and prioritize quality problems.

True

True or False: Dr. Juran's cost of quality model suggests that complete elimination of all defects may not be cost-effective.

True

True or False: One of the primary reasons for the failure of quality circles is because management refuses to listen to the quality improvement ideas of subordinates.

True

Which of the following is not part of the generally accepted view of quality today? A. Defects should be highlighted and brought to the surface. B. We can inspect quality. C. Improved quality saves money and increases business. D. Quality is customer-focused.

We can inspect quality.