protein

Which of the following best describes Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer's is a neurological disease with loss of memory and motor skills.

Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The _____ level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.

fourth

The secondary structure of a protein results from _____.

hydrogen bond

Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system.

immune

Peptide bonds

link amino acids.

Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein?

ovalbumin

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?

peptide

Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____.

peptide bonds

A protein containing more than one polypeptide chain exhibits the ________ level of protein structure.

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

Arrow D is indicating a _____ protein.

receptor

Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its _____.

shape

All proteins can be made from varying combinations of ___________amino acids.

20

Which of the following is an example of secondary structure in a protein?

an alpha helix

A protein's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the _____ level of protein structure.

third

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding proteins?

Alzheimer's disease causes proteins in the brain to become improperly folded.

Which of the following is a difficult ethical consideration in a drug trial like the one described here, and accurately describes Natasha's (Marta's daughter's) perspective in the video?

Not everyone wants to know if they are carrying a gene that will eventually cause a horrible disease.

Which statement correctly describes bonds of the secondary structure of proteins?

Secondary structure involves hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone.

What could happen if a mutation in a gene caused a hydrophobic amino acid in a polypeptide to be replaced by a hydrophilic amino acid?

The new amino acid would not form the same interactions with hydrophobic R groups, and the protein's shape would likely be affected.

Two proteins have the same number and type of amino acids. How is it that they can have different shapes and therefore different functions?

The order in which the amino acids are arranged differs between the two proteins.

The unique three-dimensional shape of each of these diverse proteins is based on several superimposed levels of structure.

The primary structure of a protein is the order of amino acids in a polypeptide, as coded for in the DNA of a gene.

The pH of the stomach is extremely acidic (~ pH 2). If you ate a Yummie cake, what do you think would happen to the protein that you ingested as it passes through the stomach?

The protein would become denatured due to the acidic environment.

Which of the following statements is correct?

There is a correlation between beta-amyloid plaques and the severity of Alzheimer's disease.

Why does the story in the video start in Columbia?

There is an extended family with inherited early onset Alzheimer's in Columbia, and family members with the gene can be participants in a drug trial to reduce plaques.

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?

They are monomers used to build proteins.

When calorie intake is low, proteins are the last resource the body uses for fuel. Which statement below gives the best reason for this?

When the body uses proteins as fuel, it is breaking down substances vital to its structure and essential functions.

Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins

amino acids

Proteins are polymers of _____.

amino acids

The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.

amino acids

Which of the following would be correctly classified as a protein?

an enzyme

Arrow A is indicating a(n) _____ protein.

structural

Do you think that the mutant lysozyme will function similarly to the normal lysozyme?

yes, because both lysine and arginine are positively charged so the tertiary structure and therefore function should be similar

What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?

It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function.

According to the video, which of the following describes the impact of Alzheimer's in the United States by the year 2050?

It is projected that there will be 16 million cases by 2050, with an annual health care cost of $1 trillion.

Proteins are an important class of molecules because of the functions they perform. Proteins can _____.

act as signal receptors to receive signals in cell communication

Identify the level(s) of protein structure present in this molecule. Select all that apply:

all of them; primary+ secondary+tertiary+quaternary

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein.

structure; function

The primary structure of a protein is

the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain.

Suppose that the team of scientists conducted the following experiment: They mixed the PR proteins with DNA in a test tube and measured the amount of protein that bound to the DNA after 10 minutes under variable amounts of light. What was the independent variable in their experiment?

the amount of light that they exposed the test tube to

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

the chemical properties of their R groups.

A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis?

the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem

Which of the following characteristics of a protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured?

the number of amino acids in the protein

when microbes are in the dark, they do not produce molecules called carotenoids because the PR proteins are bound to DNA. In the light, however, carotenoids are produced because the PR proteins unbind the DNA. Which of the following graphs best summarizes these statements about carotenoid production in microbes?

the only bar graph

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to

the overall three-dimensional structure.

Proteins differ from one another because

the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein.