PS Final review
Having worked in the personnel department of a local retailer, Violet decided to give her informative speech on how to have a successful job interview. In moving from one of her main points to another, she said: Now that we've seen how important the handshake is in creating a first impression, let's move to the way eye contact can make or break your interview. What kind of connective did Violet use in this statement?
. transition
Although most people speak at a rate of 120 to 180 words a minute, the brain can process words at a rate of
A.200 to 400 words a minute. B.400 to 500 words a minute. C.600 to 900 words a minute. D.100 to 200 words a minute.
Even when we are listening carefully, we usually grasp only about __________ percent of what we hear.
A.30 B.40 C.50 D.20
Audience-centeredness means that public speakers should
A.All of these answers are correct B.use any means necessary to gain the assent of the audience. C.keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process. D.avoid choosing topics that are controversial
A catchy speech title is fine as long as it is
A.All of these answers are correct. B.relevant to the speech. C.written as a full sentence. D.phrased as a question.
Which of the following statements about real-time online speeches is (are) true?
A.All the answers are correct. B.The best distance to sit from the webcam is a foot away so your face will fill the audience's screen. C.You should talk directly into the webcam as if you were making eye contact with an audience right in front of you. D.Audiences are likely to be understanding if you haven't mastered the online presentation software for your speech.
Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?
A.Avoid making eye contact with your audience. B.Think of your speech as an act of communication. C.Try to generate extra adrenaline as you speak. D.Concentrate on thinking about your stage fright.
Which of the following is included among the four major causes of poor listening discussed in your textbook?
A.Both trying to remember everything the speaker says and jumping to conclusions about the speaker's ideas B.taking written notes while the speech is in progress C.jumping to conclusions about the speaker's ideas D.trying to remember everything the speaker says
According to your textbook, which of the following would be an effective backup plan for a real-time online speech?
A.Distribute an outline of your speech via email. B.Reschedule the speech once the technical problems are resolved. C.All the answers are correct. D.Share a text of your speech through a document collaboration program such as Google Docs.
Which of the following is mentioned in your textbook as a guideline for a preparation outline?
A.Label the introduction, body, and conclusion. B.Include a startling statement in the introduction to get attention. C.Use parallel wording for subpoints and sub-subpoints. D.Position the title so it appears immediately before the central idea.
Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?
A.Leadership: major types. B.There are two major types of leadership. C.Two major types of leadership. D.What are the major types of leadership
Which of the following statements about online public speaking is true?
A.Online speeches require less audience analysis than do in-person speeches. B.Online speakers should exaggerate their gestures to make sure they are visible. C.Online speakers should dress casually because the audience is not physically present. D.Online audiences have more sources of distraction than do in-person audiences.
Madison has to give a real-time speech of self-introduction as part of an online job interview. According to your textbook, which of the following should she remember to do?
A.Position her webcam so it's tilted up at her. B.Practice the speech just a couple of times to keep her delivery fresh. C.Both position her webcam so it's tilted up at her and dress as formally as she would for an in-person interview. D.Dress as formally as she would for an in-person interview.
All of the following are recommended by your textbook to help you deal with nervousness except:
A.Remember that most nervousness is not visible to the audience. B.Focus on achieving perfection. C.Acquire speaking experience. D.Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.
What does your textbook say is the first step to improving your listening skills?
A.Resist distractions during a speech. B.Take listening seriously. C.Focus on the speaker's message. D.Suspend judgment until the end of the speech
Which of the following is recommended by your textbook as a way to improve your listening?
A.Try to remember everything the speaker says. B.Concentrate solely on the speaker's gestures and eye contact. C.Pay close attention to feedback from other listeners. D.Suspend judgment until you hear all the speaker has to say.
which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with nervousness in your speeches?
A.Turn negative thoughts into positive thoughts. B.Stay up late the night before to finish preparing. C.Visualize the worst things that could happen. D.Avoid making direct eye contact with the audience.
Sky's specific purpose statement for his classroom informative speech is "To inform my audience how to change a tire." According to your textbook, are there any flaws in Sky's specific purpose?
A.Yes. Sky's specific purpose statement is too detailed. B.Yes. Sky's specific purpose statement is too general. C.Yes. Sky's specific purpose should have been expressed as a question. D.No. Sky has a strong specific purpose statement.
Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when she made a minor mistake by giving the wrong date for the opening of a campus building. She suddenly stopped speaking and said, "Oh, I messed up." Then she provided the correct date. The rest of her speech went well, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake. What is the major piece of advice from your textbook that Heather needs to be reminded about?
A.You should work especially hard on your introduction. B.You should take slow, deep breaths before you speak. C.There is no such thing as a perfect speech. D.Audiences usually can't tell how nervous a speaker is.
When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means that public speaking is
A.a way to demonstrate how clever we are. B.a way to make everyone see things through our frame of reference. C.a way to make a difference in something we care about. D.a way to manipulate people.
How much time does the average adult spend in conversation?
A.about 30 percent of waking hours B.about 20 percent of waking hours C.about 10 percent of waking hours D.about 50 percent of waking hours
Brad is listening to a speaker explain how some new computer software works so Brad can use it in his business. According to your textbook, Brad is engaged in __________ listening.
A.active B.comprehensive C.appreciative D.passive
In the midst of a speech about tsunamis, a speaker notices quizzical expressions on the faces of her listeners. In response, she says, "Let me explain that point again to make sure it's clear." When this happens, the speaker is
A.adapting to feedback. B.building her credibility. C.interpreting the audience's frame of reference. D.compensating for the situation.
Research has shown that the anxiety level of most speakers drops off significantly
A.after they reach the middle of the speech. B.when they are 30 to 60 seconds into the speech. C.as soon as they begin to speak. D.before they rise to speak.
Which of the following is an example of a real-time online speech?
A.an interview with your prospective employer over Skype. B.All the answers are correct. C.a video introduction you upload along with your online job application. D.a training video you record and post on the Internet as part of your job.
Outlining is an important part of public speaking because
A.an outline helps the speaker choose an interesting, sharply focused topic. B.an outline helps the speaker compile an organized preliminary bibliography. C.an outline helps ensure that ideas flow clearly from one to another. D.All of these answers are correct.
Natasha and Ramone are listening to a realtor who is encouraging them to buy a house they looked at earlier in the day. As they listen, they are trying to decide whether or not to purchase the house. According to your textbook, Natasha and Ramone are engaged in __________ listening
A.appreciative B.comprehensive C.critical D.empathic
Margaret is passionately committed to animal rights. At an evening lecture required for her biology class, she learned that the title of the speaker's talk was "The Importance of Animal Experimentation to Medical Advances." Offended and sure that the speaker had nothing ethical or interesting to say, Margaret ignored everything the speaker said and spent the whole lecture sending outraged tweets to other animal activists. According to your textbook, the primary cause of Margaret's poor listening was
A.being distracted by external interference. B.focusing on the speaker's topic C.jumping to conclusions. D.poor concentration.
As a specific purpose statement, "To inform my audience about computer technology" is too
A.broad. B.impersonal C.figurative. D.trivial.
As your textbook explains, the means by which a message is communicated is termed the
A.carrier. B.catalyst. C.channel. D.vehicle.
Julia is listening to her meteorology professor explain how to interpret images from Doppler radar. Because Julia's goal is to understand the information being presented, she is engaged in __________ listening.
A.comprehensive B.appreciative C.attentive D.empathic
Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener's
A.credibility. B.personal screen. C.frame of reference. D.feedback.
Nadia is listening to provide emotional support to her friend Sousan, who is talking about the health of her aging parents. According to your textbook, Nadia is engaged in __________ listening
A.critical B.appreciative C.empathic D.intimate
According to your textbook, when you listen to evaluate a speaker's message for purposes of accepting it or rejecting it, what kind of listening is involved?
A.critical B.reflective C.evaluative D.empathic
According to your textbook, brainstorming is especially helpful when you are having trouble
A.determining the specific purpose. B.phrasing the central idea. C.determining the general purpose. D.choosing a speech topic.
The two major kinds of online speeches discussed in your textbook are
A.digital speeches and uploaded speeches. B.prepared speeches and extemporaneous speeches. C.recorded speeches and real-time speeches. D.downloaded speeches and streaming speeches.
All of the following are necessary in a preparation outline except
A.directions for delivering the speech. B.transitions, internal previews, and internal summaries. C.a consistent pattern of indentation and symbolization. D.a specific purpose statement.
If you were giving a speech to a general audience on the topic of Elvis Presley, the most important demographic factor to consider in analyzing your audience would probably be its
A.education. B.gender. C.religion. D.age.
To say that people usually want to hear about things that are meaningful to them is to say that people are
A.egotistic. B.eclectic. C.empathetic. D.egocentric.
Sarah is listening to her roommate to provide emotional support in a time of distress. According to your textbook, Sarah is engaged in __________ listening.
A.empathic B.personal C.critical D.appreciative
Sosuke is from Japan and has decided to give his informative speech on Japanese marriage customs. Because he will be getting married back home the next summer, he is very excited about the topic. He is concerned, however, that his classmates, all of whom are from the United States, may think he is saying that marriage traditions in Japan are better than those in the United States. Sosuke's concern indicates that he is sensitive to the problem of
A.ethnocentrism. B.egoism. C.ethical relativism. D.All of these answers are correct.
"What should be done about the problem of identity theft?" is a poorly phrased central idea for a persuasive speech because it is
A.expressed in figurative language. B.All of these answers are correct. C.phrased as a question instead of as a statement. D.too technical.
As Jenell listened to her classmate's speech explaining the differences between collision insurance and comprehensive insurance, it reminded her that she needed to pay her insurance bill before the end of the day. Then, rather than listening to the speaker, she started thinking about all the other things she had to do that day. According to your textbook, the primary cause of Jenell's poor listening is
A.focusing on the speaker's topic. B.personalizing the topic. C.not concentrating. D.being distracted by external interference.
According to your textbook, rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright, you should aim at transforming it into
A.general tension. B.visualized adrenaline. C.positive nervousness. D.professional stage fright.
When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra _________, a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress
A.glauconite B.potassium C.adrenaline D.serotonin
As defined in your textbook, the _________ consists of the onscreen elements seen by the audience during an online speech.
A.graphic representation B.optical framing C.visual environment D.user interface
According to your textbook, a speaking outline
A.includes the bibliography. B.is written completely in full sentences. C.contains delivery cues for the speaker. D.All of these answers are correct.
According to your textbook, a speaking outline usually
A.includes the quotations a speaker plans to use. B.includes the speech introduction written out word-for-word. C.includes a preliminary bibliography. D.fills more than five note cards.
"Benefits of cycling" is a poorly phrased central idea for an informative speech because it
A.is expressed as a fragment instead of a full sentence. B.is too general. C.fails to refer to the audience. D.Both is expressed as a fragment instead of a full sentence and is too general.
As your textbook explains, the primary purpose of speechmaking is to
A.learn more about the speech topic. B.gain experience as a speaker. C.try out new ideas with an audience. D.gain a desired response from listeners.
All of the following are discussed in your textbook as elements of the visual environment of an online speech except
A.lighting. B.setting. C.editing. D.eye contact.
According to your textbook, one way to focus your listening is to
A.listen for the speaker's main points. B.try to remember every word the speaker utters. C.engage in mental arguments with the speaker. D.concentrate on what the speaker is wearing.
The fact that audiences are egocentric means that
A.listeners interpret the speech through the speaker's frame of reference. B.listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them. C.listeners believe their cultural group is superior to all other groups. D.All of these answers are correct.
Giving excessive attention to the details of a speech is an example of
A.listening for technique. B.listening too hard. C.jumping to conclusions. D.giving in to distractions.
The main points in a preparation outline are
A.located farthest to the left. B.written as key-word phrases. C.identified by capital letters. D.All of these answers are correct
Your textbook recommends __________ as the most effective method of note taking for listening to a speech.
A.making a full-sentence outline B.writing down a speaker's most interesting ideas C.using the Harvard listening system D.creating a key-word outline
Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else is termed the
A.message. B.code. C.feedback D.channel
As Benita approached the podium, loud voices from the hallway filled the room. Before beginning her speech, she asked someone in the back of the room to close the door. In this case, Benita was dealing with
A.nonverbal communication. B.interference. C.stage fright. D.audience attitudes
Dealing with such matters as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion are all part of what your textbook calls
A.rational communication. B.critical thinking. C.oral deliberation. D.deduction.
Fletcher is listening for pleasure as a friend discusses her trip to Australia. According to your textbook, Fletcher is engaged in __________ listening.
A.receptive B.comprehensive C.appreciative D.personal
Which of the following is inappropriate in a speech to inform?
A.reporting B.demonstrating C.explaining D.advocating
According to your textbook, you should always combine demographic audience analysis with _____________ audience analysis.
A.scientific B.situational C.informational D.educational
After choosing a topic, what is the next step of speech preparation?
A.selecting the specific purpose B.determining the general purpose C.analyzing the occasion D.phrasing the central idea
Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people or assuming that all members of the group are alike is called
A.sensationalism. B.stereotyping. C.egocentrism. D.genotyping.
In a speaking outline, subpoints are
A.set off in parentheses. B.identified by capital letters. C.written in full sentences. D.Both set off in parentheses and written in full sentences
As Amanda analyzed the audience for her speech about organic foods, she focused on such things as their gender, age, and cultural background. In doing so, she was engaging in ____________ audience analysis.
A.situational B.preliminary C.demographic D.psychological
Two types of speech outlines discussed in your textbook are the
A.speaking outline and the audience outline. B.audience outline and the preparation outline. C.preparation outline and the speaking outline. D.rough draft outline and the polished outline
"To inform my audience about the development, technology, and benefits of hydrogen fuel cells" is an example of a
A.specific purpose. B.transition C.central idea. . D.topic sentence.
"The three kinds of bait used to attract fish are live bait, prepared bait, and artificial bait" is an example of a
A.specific purpose. B.transition. C.central idea. D.topic statement.
As your textbook explains, in an online speech almost every aspect of the speech communication process can be affected by the
A.speech presentation software. B.user interface. C.computer literacy of the speaker. D.online environment.
According to the advice given in your textbook, if you make a mistake when you are giving a speech, the best thing to do is
A.start that part of the speech over and deliver it the way you had planned. B.stop and tell your audience that you messed up because you are so nervous. C.assume that your speech is a failure because you made a mistake. D.keep going because your audience doesn't know what you had planned to say
As your textbook explains, many of the skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills include
A.tailoring your message to your audience. B.All of these answers are correct. C.organizing your thoughts logically. D.telling a story for maximum impact
Which of the following is one of the four major causes of poor listening discussed in your textbook?
A.taking key-word notes during a speech B.concentrating on a speaker's evidence and reasoning C.focusing on a speaker's appearance or delivery D.suspending judgment about a speaker's ideas
According to your textbook, skilled listeners do not try to absorb a speaker's every word. Rather, they focus on three major aspects of a speech. Those aspects include
A.technique. B.main points. C.evidence. D.All of these answers are correct.
Which of the following aspects of public speaking is least likely to help strengthen your skills as a critical thinker?
A.testing the logic of your arguments B.practicing the delivery of your speech C.researching your speech D.outlining and organizing your speech
According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis?
A.the audience's group membership B.the audience's cultural background C.the audience's religious beliefs D.the audience's attitude toward the topic
Fran Breit, the golf pro at a local municipal course, has been asked by a social club to give a talk about how to play golf. What is probably the most important factor for Fran to consider in preparing her presentation?
A.the audience's knowledge of the topic B.the age of the audience C.the racial background of the audience D.the time of day the talk will be given
As defined in your textbook, the visual environment of an online speech refers to
A.the interference caused by technological glitches. B.the speaker's presentation of visual aids. C.the onscreen elements seen by the audience. D.the speaker's choice of presentation technology.
"Improving our sleep habits" is a poorly phrased specific purpose for a speech because it is
A.too technical for a classroom speech. B.expressed in figurative language. C.written as a sentence rather than as a declarative phrase. D.written as a fragment rather than as a full infinitive phrase.
When focusing your listening, you should listen for ______________, ______________, and ______________.
A.topic; questions; transitions B.claims; issues; terminology C.main points; evidence; technique D.complaints; questions; vocabulary
One way to build confidence as a speaker is to create a vivid mental blueprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speech. According to your textbook, this process is called
A.visualization. B.anticipatory rehearsal. C.imagistic practice. D.foreshadowing.
Which of the following does your textbook recommend that you do when rehearsing your first speech?
Ask family members or friends for feedback
According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech?
It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points
What does your textbook say about preparing effective speech introductions?
Make your introduction no more than 10 to 20 percent of the entire speech
Which of the following is least likely to gain the attention and interest of the audience?
a lengthy quotation
Which of the following would you most likely find in a well-constructed speech introduction?
a preview statement
The __________ is the longest and most important part of the speech.
body
For her first speech, Rebekah plans to explain her interest in gymnastics beginning with her childhood and continuing through her days in high school. Which pattern of organization discussed in your textbook will she use in her speech?
chronological
Here are the main points for an informative speech about the history of the @ symbol. I. The first recorded use of the @ symbol was in 1536 to represent units of wine. II. In later centuries, the @ symbol was used to mean "at the rate of" or "at the cost of." III. Today's @ symbol came into use in 1971 in the first e-mail ever sent. These main points are arranged in __________ order.
chronological
A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes is called a(n) __________ speech.
extemporaneous
Which of the following is appropriate when using humor in a public speech?
gently making fun of common human quirks
According to your textbook, __________ is the audience's perception of whether a speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind.
goodwill
According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? In discussing the extent of the problem, we will look at the number of parents who don't vaccinate their children, the reasons they give for their decision, and the number of children who have become sick or died as a result.
internal preview
According to your textbook, when you are in a formal speaking situation the most effective way of gaining the initial attention of your audience after you walk to the front of the room is
looking directly at the audience without saying a word.
According to your textbook, when you prepare speaking notes for your first speech, you should
make sure the notes can be read at arm's length
Here are the main points for a persuasive speech on the dangers of a cyber attack on the U.S. power grid. I. The nation's electrical power grid is in increasing danger of a cyber attack that would shut down the country. II. This problem can only be solved by extensive cooperation between government and industry. These main points are arranged in __________ order.
problem-solution
When main ideas follow a directional pattern, they are organized in
spatial order
As explained in your textbook, the three main parts of a speech are called
the introduction, the body, and the conclusion
According to your textbook, a common mistake students make when developing their first speech is
trying to cover too much material.
Damon began his persuasive speech about wildfires in the western United States by giving examples of destructive fires in recent years. As he described the fires, he used PowerPoint to display images that enhanced the impact of his words. What method for gaining attention and interest did Damon use?
using visual aids
