PS1 Ch 10,11 Vocab and Exam

The United States has had ________ party systems since 1790. 50 12 24 6 2

6

About ________ percent of African Americans voted for Barack Obama in 2012. 95 80 33 50 66

95

In 1964, the Republican Party presidential nominee, ________, espoused a number of ideas, such as less taxation and less government regulation of the economy, that became major themes for the modern Republican Party. Dwight Eisenhower Ronald Reagan Barry Goldwater Richard Nixon Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Barry Goldwater

The two major parties in the United States during the 1830s and 1840s were the ________ and the ________. Federalists; Jeffersonians Federalists; Whigs Federalists; Democrats Democrats; Whigs Democrats; Republicans

Democrats; Whigs

The first party system was characterized by conflict between the ________ and the ________. Whigs; Federalists Whigs; Jeffersonian Republicans Democrats; Republicans Whigs; Democrats Federalists; Jeffersonian Republicans

Federalists; Jeffersonian Republicans

From 1896 to 1932, the ________ Party was the nation's majority party. Republican Democratic Whig Populist Federalist

Republican

From the end of the Civil War to the 1890s, the ________ Party was the party of the North, while the ________ Party was the party of the South. Socialist; Republican Whig; Federalist Republican; Democratic Democratic; Republican Federalist; Whig

Republican; Democratic

Describe third parties in American politics. Why has there never been a party system of three or more parties in the United States? How do third parties arise? Describe some notable third-party candidates for president.

Third parties in american politics are members of political parties that failed to gain enough votes against their opponents. Third parties also usually hold ideals that are not commonly held in either Democratic or Republican parties. Having a political system of three or more parties in the United States would be too difficult and messy, and many third parties often have too small of a supporting. If we had three parties, no group would have the majority of followers or influence, there would be no group with more than 50 percent of citizens support. Third parties can arise from a defeated in a primary election but a candidate hopes that they may still have enough support to run in later elections, as a third party. Notable third party candidates in the most recent presidential elections include Jill Stein and Gary Johnson, the received a large number of votes, but not anywhere near what was necessary to win the election.

The New Deal coalition was severely strained and ultimately broken apart by the ________. Vietnam War and the issue of civil rights end of the Cold War popularity of Dwight Eisenhower political views of Ronald Reagan end of the Great Depression

Vietnam War and the issue of civil rights

grassroots mobilization

a lobbying campaign in which a group mobilizes its membership to contact government officials in support of the group's position

Compared with western Europe, the United States has ________ turnout in elections. a lower a higher unstudied a roughly equivalent noncomparable

a lower

new politics movement

a political movement that began in the 1960s and '70s, made up of professionals and intellectuals for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements were formative experiences. The New Politics movement strengthened public interest groups

Political Action Committee (PAC)

a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns

lobbying

a strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation or other public policy by exerting direct pressure on members of the legislature

institutional advertising

advertising designed to create a positive image of an organization

During the late 1840s and early 1850s, both the Democratic and Whig parties were divided by lingering conflict concerning the War of 1812. the westward expansion of the United States. fiscal policies imposed during the tariff crisis. the appropriate amount of government regulation of the economy. conflicts over slavery.

conflicts over slavery.

netroots

grassroots online activist organizations that have redefined membership and fund-raising practices and streamlined staff structure

public interest group

groups that claim they serve the general good rather than only their own particular interest

interest group

individuals who organize to influence the government's programs and policies

Third-party candidates are better off under ________. proportional representation the spoils system the winner-take-all system the majority system the plurality system

proportional representation

During the 1980s, the Republicans added ________to their coalition. Jews and unionized workers African Americans and upper-class intellectuals Latinos and the business community religious conservatives and working-class whites gays and lesbians and southern farmers

religious conservatives and working-class whites

solidary benefits

selective benefits of group membership that emphasize friendship, networking, and consciousness raising

purposive benefits

selective benefits of group membership that emphasize the purpose and accomplishments of the group

Third parties in the United States typically represent the political interests of America's allies who attempt to influence the American decision-making process because U.S. policies can affect their futures. social and economic interests that are disregarded by the two major parties for certain reasons. women's interests. extremist religious groups. recent immigrants.

social and economic interests that are disregarded by the two major parties for certain reasons.

material benefits

special goods, services, or money provided to members of groups to entice others to join

informational benefits

special newsletters, periodicals, training programs, conferences, and other information provided to members of groups to entice others to join

Under the Constitution, ________ has/have the power to regulate elections. none of the above Congress the Federal Election Commission state legislatures the president

state legislatures

A political party is an organization that was considered seditious until the twentieth century. that collects fees from its members in order to pay the salaries of government officials. that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office. established by the Constitution to nominate candidates. that influences the government through fund-raising.

that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office.

The Federalist Party disappeared forever as a result of ________. the Louisiana Purchase the Civil War Alexander Hamilton being killed by Aaron Burr the War of 1812 Jefferson's election in 1800

the War of 1812

Dealignment refers to conflicts within the government that create divided factions, each of which tries to mobilize popular support. the decline of partisan attachment within the electorate, the growth in the number of voters identifying themselves as independents, and the rise of split-ticket voting. attempts by politicians outside of government to mobilize popular support in order to win governmental power. the condition in American government wherein the presidency is controlled by one party while the opposing party controls one or both houses of Congress. the point in history where a new party becomes the dominant political force by supplanting the ruling party.

the decline of partisan attachment within the electorate, the growth in the number of voters identifying themselves as independents, and the rise of split-ticket voting.

iron triangle

the stable, cooperative relationships that often develop among a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups. Not all of these relationships are triangular, but the iron triangle is the most typical

pluralism

the theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation

The United States began its tradition of ________ during the early nineteenth century. the two-party system proportional representation the multiparty system the single-party mandate 527 committees

the two-party system

free riders

those who enjoy the benefits of collective goods but did not participate in acquiring them

Throughout its history, American politics has been dominated by ________ major political party/parties. four five two three one

two

staff organization

type of membership group in which a professional staff conducts most of the group's activities

Historically, realignments occur approximately every 10 years. only when the Constitution is amended. when Congress approves of them. after midterm congressional elections but not after presidential elections. when new issues combine with economic or political crises to mobilize new voters and persuade large numbers of voters to reexamine their traditional partisan loyalties.

when new issues combine with economic or political crises to mobilize new voters and persuade large numbers of voters to reexamine their traditional partisan loyalties.

In which of the following was there NOT an electoral realignment? 1932 1828 1800 1994 1896

1994

As a third-party candidate, Ross Perot captured approximately ________ percent of the popular vote in the 1992 presidential election. 40 5 30 10 20

20

About ________ percent of eligible voters turn out for midterm congressional elections. 76 61 33 50 10

33

The Tea Party movement is an official third party that challenges both Democrats and Republicans in national elections. an organized challenge to incumbents in the Republican Party by the most conservative wing of the Republican Party. an offspring of the Green Party that runs for state and local office in many Midwestern states. an organized challenge to incumbents in the Democratic Party by the most liberal wing of the Democratic Party. the now-defunct party that gave way to the Republican Party at the end of the "Second Party System."

an organized challenge to incumbents in the Republican Party by the most conservative wing of the Republican Party.

membership association

an organized group in which members actually play a substantial role, sitting on committees and engaging in group projects

collective goods

benefits, sought by groups, that are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers