PS103

The core component of the Virginia Plan was that

it provided for a system of representation in the national legislature based on the population of each state or the proportion of each state's revenue contribution to the national government, or both.

Political knowledge

knowing the rules and strategies that govern political institutions and the principles on which they are based, and how they relate to one's own interests.

The articles of confederation

maintained state independence, freedom, and sovereignty.

Concerning limited government, the debates between the Federalists and the Antifederalists

more than any other issue continues to reverberate through contemporary American politics.

reserved powers

Government powers not provided to the national government in the U.S. Constitution but are rather given to the states by the Tenth Amendment

Constitutional governments

Governments whose powers are limited through a system of rules and institutions are known as ____ governments.

Judicial review

Proponents of the idea of the "living" Constitution would likely support the concept of

Affordable care act and trust

Public trust in government in the United States dipped to historically low levels during the fight

Hobby Lobby

Religious objections to the Affordable Care Act were allowed through a 2014 Supreme Court case involving a major company

Fighting words

Expressive speech is protected until it moves from the symbolic realm to the realm of actual conduct-to direct incitement of damaging conduct, which are not protected.

Which of the following was an original constitutional means of selecting one of the three major branches of government, but that has since changed?

Senate was chosen by state legislatures

Speech plus

Speech that is accompanied by conduct and that can be regulated by the government to preserve public order

separate but equal

permitted a system of segregated social facilities

Fifth amendment

plea the fifth-protects many of the rights of the criminally accused, including the protection against being tried twice for the same crime, or double jeopardy. Right to a grand jury

Maryland v King

police could perform DNA testing of arrestees without the need of individualized suspicion.

The preamble to the Constitution describes the purposes of government

promote justice maintain peace at home secure the blessings of equality for all Americans

Laissez-faire capitalism

refers to a system that allows very little room for the national government to regulate trade or restrict the use of private property, even in the public interest.

Three-fifths clause

seats in the House of Representatives would be apportioned according to a "population" in which five slaves would count as three free persons. Despite being counted, the slaves would not be allowed to vote.

Which two entities have responsibility for overseeing the appointment and approval of federal judges?

senate & president

Antifederalists' concerns about the Constitution

included a concern that the Constitution did not specifically enumerate protected civil liberties.

Which clause did Brown v Board of edu challenge

separate but equal

United States v. Windsor (2013)

successfully challenged the ban on interracial marriage.

establishment clause

the idea that government should pass no law that establishes religion or provides preference or support for a specific religion.

bourgeoisie

the middle class of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century France, and they sought to increase political participation for themselves by embracing the institution of Parliament.

the Tenth Amendment

to limit the powers of the central government by establishing reserved powers for states and individuals

Under the Great Compromise, the Senate

was an arena wherein large and small states would compete on equal footing.

unfunded mandates

"Regulations or new conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the national government"

What type of situation in American federalism has often resulted in the act of preemption?

A state action is found to be inconsistent with a federal requirement.

Direct Democracy

A system that permits citizens to vote directly on laws and policies is often called a(n) ____ democracy.

Over the last century, which of the following statements is accurate concerning age in America?

America's median age tends to be lower than that of many other industrialized countries.

majority rule, minority rights

American democracy rests on the principle of 2

The Fugitive Slave Act

As a condition of admitting California to the United States as a free state, representatives from southern states demanded Congress pass what law?

United states v. Lopez

Supreme Court struck down a federal law that barred handguns near schools. This was a landmark decision, as it was the first time since the New Deal that the Court had limited the commerce clause powers of the federal government.

eminent domain

The 1945 case, brought against the city government of Washington, D.C., found the Supreme Court ruling that the "public interest" can mean virtually anything a legislature says it means when justifying the taking of property.

Mapp v Ohio

The 1961 case of illustrates the exclusionary rule, a protection that grew from the Fourth Amendment and prohibits evidence obtained during an illegal search from being introduced in a trial.

Due process laws

The Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth amendments, taken together, even though these precise words for this fundamental concept do not appear until the end of the Fifth

Exclusionary rule

The MOST dramatic restraint imposed on police by the Bill of Rights, which can free those people who are known to have committed the crime of which they have been accused,

political efficacy

The belief that citizens can affect government is

McDonald v chicago

The case concerned a Chicago ordinance that made it extremely difficult to own a gun within city limits, and the Court's ruling had the effect of overturning the law.

Popular sovereignty

The idea that political authority ultimately rests in the hands of the people

Liberty democracy equality

The key American political values are easy for most Americans to affirm in principle, though in practice they can be much more difficult to agree on and implement.

Implied powers

The power to charter national banks

Concurrent powers

They are shared by the federal and state governments.

elastic clause

What is the name of the clause that is understood to give Congress the power to pass any law that is necessary for carrying out its expressed powers? Antifederalists did not approve.

Government

Which of the following is the term generally used to describe the institutions and procedures through which a territory and its people are ruled?

Autocracy

a form of government in which a single individual rules.

strict scrutiny standard,

a law that discriminates based on race must be shown to serve some compelling state interest in order to be upheld.

Cooperative federalism

a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defined goals.

Gonzales v Oregon

allows doctors to use drugs to facilitate the death of terminally ill patients who make such a request.

Selective incorporation

considers the provisions of the Bill of Rights one by one and selectively applies them as limits on the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. Question 8 Correct Mark 1.00 out of 1.00 Not flaggedFlag question Question text

block grants

consist of federal aid to state or local governments that is to be spent within a specified policy area, though without the narrow regulations of categorical grants.

Totalitarianism

entails government having unlimited political power

New federalism

granting state and local governments greater control of nationally funded programs.

Political equality

has one, and only one, vote. Political equality is the right to participate in politics equally, based on the principle of "one person, one vote."

Bowers v Hardwick

he Supreme Court ruled that homosexual behavior was not protected by the Constitution, but overruled this decision nearly twenty years later.

McCulloch v. Maryland

in this case, the U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the delegated powers of Congress broadly, creating the potential for increased national powers.