PS130! Objective Exam 1

Which theory focuses on economic class conflict to explain state behavior?

radicalism.

A foundation of liberalism is that humans are...

rational and social beings

which model of foreign policy making focuses on a government's attempt to maximize its strategic objectives?

rational model

Which theoretical perspective places least importance on the individual level of analysis?

realism.

The authority of a state to govern matters within its own borders free from external interference is known as..

sovereignty.

Democratic Peace theorists argue that..

Democracies are less likely to fight other democracies, but are neither more nor less likely to fight other types of states.

________ is the annexation of distant territory and its inhabitants to an empire....

Imperialism.

At the height of colonialism, _______ was one of the only Asian countries that was not under direct European or U.S. influence

Japan

In the early 1900s, _____, a non-European power, defeated Russia, A European power, in a war.

Japan

The idea that political power ultimately rests with the people is a core part of the concept of...

Legitimacy

_________ Believe that diplomacy can succeed without the use of economic statecraft or force.

Liberals.

Liberalism posits that cooperation between states is...

Possible

In instances of groupthink, what tends to occur when new information unfolds that challenges a group's initial beliefs?

Pressure is placed on dissenters to conform to beliefs.

what does the period immediately following the Treaties of Westphalia represent to the study of international relations?

The Rise of Secular Authority

A relatively integrated set of images formed by perceptions is known as a...

belief system.

several liberal theorists believe that ______ can help prevent war.

Free trade.

Which of the following make a country a nation-state?

There is congruence between state and nation.

Realists argue that states' interests are defined in terms of...

a desire to gain power.

Caliphate

a religious territory headed by a caliph, a spiritual leader of Islam.

Theories that treat the state as a unitary actor argue that...

a state chooses its own actions base on its preferences.

which of the foreign policy decision-making models highlights the importance of a country's strategic culture?

constructivist model

Realists argue that power is determined primarily by..

military power.

Coordination amount several states is known as

multilateralism

A group of people who share a common history, language, and lifestyle is known as a....

nation

The attempt to enhance a country's overall imagine to achieve its diplomatic objectives is known as...

public diplomacy

The idea behind the balance of power is that..

states are less likely to go to war when their power is relatively symmetrical to that of their adversaries.

What are essential conditions for an entity to be called a state....

territorial base, stable population, allegiance of people, and diplomatic recognition.

What is an example of a bipolar period in world history?

the Cold War.

When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990

the Soviet Union/Russia supported a military UN mission to remove Iraq from Kuwait

Recent mass actions has led to significant government change in all of the following cases except...

China

according to radical theorists, which of the following reasons leads rich, capitalist states toward imperial expansion?

Under-consumption by the lower class.

Which country refused to join the League of Nations?

United States

Neoliberalism institutionalists and neorealists agree that the international system is _____ in nature but disagree on the potential for ____ outcomes.

anarchic; cooperative

What differentiates liberalism and neoliberal institutionalism?

beliefs about what causes states to cooperate.

which foreign policy model emphasizes how standard operating procedures and processes affect decisions?

bureaucratic/organizational

The _____ model focuses on actors that occupy key positions in governement, whereas the ____ model focuses on actors that occupy key positions both inside and outside goverment.

bureaucratic/organizational; pluralist

the tendency for individuals to accept information that is compatible with what has previously been accepted while discounting other information is known as...

cognitive consistency

Napoleon's army was defeated after invading which country?

Russia

in 2014, the Russian federation invaded...

Ukraine

Constructivists like Alexander Wendt argue that material structures, on their own, explain....

Very Little.

During the Cold War, the alliance between the Soviet Union and East European powers was known as the....

Warsaw Pact

Realism & liberalism are similar in that they both..

assume that actors are basically rational.

Constructivists characterize the national interest as..

constantly changing

The three levels of analysis in the study of international relations are....

individual, state, and system.

The central theoretical tenet of constructivism is

neither state nor international community interests are predetermined or fixed.

Which model of decision making focuses on the role of societal interests?

pluralist model

The nationalist reaction to economic and political globalization that became prominent in the mid 2010s is known as...

populism.

Diplomacy that involves individuals that are not directly linked to the government participating in the international negotiations is known as...

track-two diplomacy

Groups of people from different states that share a set of beliefs and work together to change the status quo are known as...

transnational movements.

According to realists, __________ is most often responsible for changes in power relationships among states.

war

In Seeking to explain the 2014 Russia-Urkaine conflict, a ___ would highlight Russia's security concerns about the encroachment of the West into its sphere of influence.

Realist

In the balance of power in Europe following the Napoleonic Wars, which state played the role of "builder of alliances"?

Russia

the bureaucratic/organizational and pluralist models of decision making stem from which theoretical perspective?

liberalism.

which of the following perspectives view states as pluralist arenas used to oversee the competition of various governmental and societal interests?

liberalism.

When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, The League of Nations....

placed sanctions on Italy, but those sanctions were not enforced.

An example of negative sanctions is...

placing an arms embargo on a target state.

Which of the following statements was most likely made by a realists?

states manage insecurity by building up military strength or making alliances.

Neoliberal insititutionalists explain state cooperation..

Int'l institutions provide the structure necessary to facilitate cooperation, but do not necessarily guarantee that states will cooperate.

In which countries did the Islamic State control large swaths of territory at the height of its power in 2016?

Iraq and Syria

A threat to use force to try to get another state to do something is known as...

compellence

Which perspective puts significant weight on the importance of norms and ideas?

constructivism.

The strategic idea help during the Cold War that aimed to protect the status quo from further Soviet expansion is known as..

containment

In the nineteenth century, under the balance-of-power system, states formed alliances on what basis?

counteracting powerful factions.

A realist explanation for the democratic peace is that...

democracies often share alliances.

a strategy that involves a commitment by one state to punish another state if it take an undesired action is known as...

deterrence

The idea that a threat of punishment can keep another state from taking an undesirable action is known as....

deterrence.

a state that fails to perform one of a state's vital functions is known as a

fragile state

One idea that emerged after the American and French revolutions was that..

government legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed.

A specific statement positing a particular relationship between two or ore variables is known as a...

hypothesis

Soft powers refers to the ability to...

influence others by example.

which of the following are examples of intangible sources of power?

national image and public support.

Trade limits against South Africa are an example of

negative sanctions

Collective expectations for the proper behavior of actors with a given identity are known as..

norms.

According to Margaret Hermann's typology, a ______ leader is one who has a low level of nationalism, has little belief in his or her ability to control events, and wants to maintain friendly relationships with others.

participatory.

Offensive Realists argue that...

periodically fighting a war can intimidate potential rivals into bandwagoning.

The ability to influence an outcome that would not have otherwise occurred is known as...

power

According to realists, how does a focus on relative gains influence the possibilities for cooperation?

states are reluctant to cooperate even for mutual gain, because their partners may benefit more.

An assemblage of Units united by some form of regular interaction is called a....

system

Geographic size and location, population, and natural resources are all sources of _______ and reflect the ____ of a state.

tangible power; autonomy

Capitalism

the economic system in which the ownership of the means of production is in private hands; the system operates according to mark forces whereby capital and labor move freely.

Which of the following concepts highlights the importance of negotiations between a negotiator and domestic constituencies as well as negotiations between states for understanding foreign policy?

two-level game

The settling of people from a home country among indigenous peoples of a distant territory is known as

Colonialism.

In seeking to explain the 2014 Russia-Ukraine conflict, a ______ would highlight Putin's framing of the threat posed by the West when addressing the people.

Constructivist.

Which of the following is an effect that has stemmed from Globalization?

It has challenge the state as the primary actor in international affairs.

The congress of Berlin in 1855 divided _______ between the major powers...

Africa

Balance of Power

Any system in which actors (e.g. states) enjoy relatively equal power, such that no single state or coalition of states is able to dominate other actors in the system

Which Countries made up the Concert of Europe in the nineteenth century?

Austria, Britain, France, Prussia, and Russia

Which of the following is considered an international institution by IR scholars?

BOTH the Law of the Sea Treaty and the United Nations

The fact that spontaneous movement of people from Vietnam, Cuba, and Haiti led to changes in U.S. immigration policy is an example of...

Mass action.

Dependency theorists attribute primary importance to the role of _____ in exerting control over developing states.

Mulinational corporations.

During the Cold war, the alliance between the US & the Western European powers was known as the.....

NATO; North Atlantic Treaty Organization

When a people come to identify with a common past, language, customs and practices it is termed..

Nationalism

According to Jean Bodin, sovereignty is not without limits. Which of the following can limit a leader's practice of sovereignty?

Natural Law

The treaties of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), which of the following resulted from this experience?

The notion of Sovereignty

Which of the following is true of transnational movements?

They can sometimes pose a direct threat to the state.

Individual leaders in power often evaluate the current world by the lessons they have learned from the past. This is known as

Using an evoked set.

An individual can later the course of events under certain external conditions. which of the following circumstances correctly captures when an individual is more likely to have a great impact on a country?

when an individual leader is faced with an economic crisis.

The credibility of a commitment depends on a state's...

willingness and ability to carry it out.

Some Feminist theorists argue that...

women have been absent from International politics

Which statement best captures the difference between a state and a nation?

A nation is a sense of cultural belonging that can exist without affiliation to a particular state.