Pscy Chapters 15 & 16
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.
Anxiety
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?
Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.
In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites.
Hispanic and African American
Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?
How you think determines how you feel
How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?
In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.
Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?
Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.
Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?
Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.
Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?
Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.
Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?
Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.
Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.
a token economy
Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
active listening
Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.
agoraphobia
Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?
aversive conditioning
Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?
episodic
Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.
free association
Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.
fugue
A particular benefit of ________ therapy is the possibility of decreasing a client's sense of shame and isolation about the problem they face, while also letting them offer support to others.
group
Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________.
manic episodes
Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder.
narcissistic
The amount of time a client spends in psychotherapy is determined by the client's needs as well as his or her ________.
personal goals
Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
play therapy
Dr. Kaplan is working with a Japanese-American client, and regards the client's silence as an indication that he is not happy to be in therapy. He fails to consider that his client has learned that authority figures should be shown deference and that his silence is a sign of respect. Dr. Kaplan is demonstrating ________.
poor cultural competence
At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.
psychotic
Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.
race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.
severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy
Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?
somatic
On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a hierarchy of stimuli related to her phobia. Which form of therapy is she using?
systematic desensitization
Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.
that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy
What is meant by the term etiology?
the cause of a disorder
In the African American community, what has been found to play a significant role as an alternate source of support to mental health services?
the church
Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
unconditonal positive regard
Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?
. becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self
What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?
. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts
Dr. Piccolo is working with a family and determines that the parents do not make rules together and often contradict each other. This leads to confusion among the children who act out because they don't understand what is expected of them in the home. She helps them to get "on the same page" with regard to each family member's place in the home and helps the parents work on their own relationship as co-parents. This is called ________ family therapy.
. structural
The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits.
. supernatural
Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?
avoidant personality disorder
Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?
being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)
The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.
biological
Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?
borderline personality disorder
Among older Korean Americans, approximately 14% polled felt that having a mentally ill family member would
bring shame to the family
What is comorbidity?
co-occurrence of two disorders
A psychological disorder is a ________.
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?
confidentiality
Christine and Susan have been together for 3 years and are thinking about getting married. Lately all they seem to do is fight, as they have trouble communicating over the slightest issue. Both are unhappy and are each thinking that they may need to call off the wedding. They go to see a(n) ________ therapist who might help them work through these communication issues and to help them build collaborative problem-solving strategies.
couples
Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.
depressing central nervous system activity
Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?
dopamine and serotonin