PSIO 201: quiz 2A and 2B questions

Which of the following best describes the resorption step of bone remodeling? A) Osteoblasts actively secreting new bone matrix B) Osteoblasts quieting their activity and entering an idle state C) Osteocytes sensing damaged bone and recruiting osteoclasts D) Osteoblasts being recruited in place of osteoclasts E) Osteoclasts breaking down bone

E) Osteoclasts breaking down bone

Select all that apply: In order to side any bone, you need... - a medial/lateral reference - a proximal/distal reference - a superior/inferior reference - an anterior/posterior reference

a medial/lateral reference and an anterior/posterior reference

The head of each rib articulates with bodies of thoracic vertebrae. On a thoracic vertebral body, with which specific feature(s) can the head of a rib articulate? - transverse process - pedicle - facet - demifacet

facet and demifacet

Osteoporosis is typically associated with achy bone pain

false

The greater sciatic notch of the ilium is wider in males than it is in females.

false

When placed under stress (e.g., exercise), bone tissue becomes weaker and is broken down.

false

Which of the following statements are true of Scurvy: - It leads to brittle bones - It leads to flexible bones - It is caused by poor collagen synthesis due to a lack of Vitamin C - It is caused by a calcium deficiency due to a lack of Vitamin D - It can be prevented by consuming citrus juice

it leads to brittle bones, it is caused by poor collagen synthesis due to a lack of Vitamin C, it can be prevented by consuming citrus juice

Generally speaking, for rib-vertebrae articulations, the head of a rib articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebrae, and the tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebrae. A good way to remember this is the head articulates with the body and 't' articulates with 't'.

true

In the absence of stress, bone strength diminishes because of the loss of bone minerals and decreased numbers of collagen fibers

true

The greater sciatic notch of the ilium is wider in females than it is in males

true

Which of the following are NOT true of spongy bone? A) It can withstand force from many directions B) Red bone marrow fills the space between trabeculae C) It lightens the skeleton D) It is made up of osteons

D) It is made up of osteons

With respect to bone, minerals provide _____, whereas collagen provides _____. A) flexibility; firmness B) flexibility; strength C) strength; cushion D) firmness; flexibility

D) firmness; flexibility

Vitamin D becomes fully activated at the ____________________ when __________________ levels are low. A) liver; blood calcium B) kidney; PTH C) skin; Vitamin C D) kidney; blood calcium

D) kidney; blood calcium

Which thoracic vertebrae have both a superior demifacet and an inferior demifacet?

T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8

Which of the following best describes the function of osteogenic cells? A) Bone stem cells that differentiate into more specialized cells with a certain function B) Immature cells that build bone by synthesizing and secreting collagen fibers into the ECM C) Mature cells that sense bone damage and send signals for repair D) Cells that resorb bone by digesting and degrading damaged portions so they can be remodeled

A) Bone stem cells that differentiate into more specialized cells with a certain function

In an adult who consumes 1500 mg of calcium per day, which of the following would occur? A) Calcitonin levels would be high B) Blood calcium would fall below 8.5 mg/dL C) Osteoclasts would be activated D) Blood calcium would rise above 11 mg/dL

A) Calcitonin levels would be high

Your patient has a condition that makes their bones more vulnerable to fractures. They lift their backpack off the ground and as a result, break their humerus. How would this fracture be classified? A) Pathologic B) Traumatic C) Normal D) Abnormal

A) Pathologic

If blood calcium levels are low, which of the following responses would act to maintain homeostasis? A) increased Ca2+ absorption at the gut B) release of calcitonin from thyroid gland C) increased Ca2+ excretion at the kidney D) inhibition of osteoclasts in bone

A) increased Ca2+ absorption at the gut

Hypersecretion of growth hormone in childhood causes A) lengthening of bones and gigantism B) impaired growth of long bones and dwarfism C) thickening of bones and growth of cartilage D) insulin resistance and diabetes

A) lengthening of bones and gigantism

In endochondral ossification, what tissue type replaces cartilage in the epiphyses of a long bone? A) spongy bone B) mesenchyme C) compact bone D) hyaline cartilage

A) spongy bone

Where is calcitonin produced? A) thyroid gland B) kidney C) parathyroid gland D) liver

A) thyroid gland

What features are unique to thoracic vertebrae? A) Superior and inferior articular facets B) Demifacets and/or facets on vertebral body C) Wide vertebral body D) Spinous process

B) Demifacets and/or facets on vertebral body

Which of the following best describes the function of osteocytes? A) Bone stem cells that differentiate into more specialized cells with a certain function B) Mature cells that sense bone damage and send signals for repair C) Cells that resorb bone by digesting and degrading damaged portions so they can be remodeled D) Immature cells that build bone by synthesizing and secreting collagen fibers into the ECM

B) Mature cells that sense bone damage and send signals for repair

The final step of intramembranous ossification involves formation of A) an ossification center B) compact bone C) trabeculae D) spongy bone

B) compact bone

During which process is a marrow cavity formed? A) reversal phase B) primary ossification C) secondary ossification D) intramembranous ossification

B) primary ossification

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoblasts? A) Cells that resorb bone by digesting and degrading damaged portions so they can be remodeled B) Bone stem cells that differentiate into more specialized cells with a certain function C) Immature cells that build bone by synthesizing and secreting collagen fibers into the ECM D) Mature cells that sense bone damage and send signals for repair

C) Immature cells that build bone by synthesizing and secreting collagen fibers into the ECM

Why doesn't acromegaly cause gigantism? A) Acromegaly causes only cartilage to expand. B) Acromegaly does cause gigantism. C) In adulthood, there is no cartilage remaining to allow long bones to grow in length. D) In adulthood, there are no osteoblasts remaining to allow long bones to grow in length.

C) In adulthood, there is no cartilage remaining to allow long bones to grow in length.

Which of the following best describes the formation step of bone remodeling? A) Osteoclasts breaking down bone B) Osteoblasts quieting their activity and entering an idle state C) Osteoblasts actively secreting new bone matrix D) Osteoblasts being recruited in place of osteoclasts E) Osteocytes sensing damaged bone and recruiting osteoclasts

C) Osteoblasts actively secreting new bone matrix

Rickets is caused by _____, whereas Scurvy is caused by _____. A) lack of inorganic bone components; lack of organic bone components B) poor collagen synthesis; calcium deficiency C) calcium deficiency; poor collagen synthesis D) lack of Vitamin C; lack of Vitamin D

C) calcium deficiency; poor collagen synthesis

If blood calcium levels are high, which of the following responses would act to maintain homeostasis? A) release of PTH from parathyroid gland B) activation of osteoclasts in bone C) increased Ca2+ excretion at the kidney D) increased Ca2+ absorption at the gut

C) increased Ca2+ excretion at the kidney