Psy 101 Test 3 study guide

galtons assessment battery included measurements of sensory abilities and reaction time, as well as measurement of __ N ___

A, head size and muscular strength

research suggests that most people tend to be most productive and creative when they are -- motivated

A, intrinsically

which of the following is a brain disorder characterized by impaired communication and social interaction which may be partly caused by malfuctioning mirror neurons?

A. Autism

how many phonemes are contained in the word table?

A. Four

which type of tests are designed to predict a persons capacity for learning?

A. aptitude tests

why is it that the babbles of young children sound the same no matter where in the world they are raised?

A. because early babbling includes the phonemes in all existing languages.

Deaf infants pay more attention to ___ than to the more rapid, fluid signing typically used between adults.

A. child-directed signing

a problem solving strategy that involves following a general rule of thumb to reduce the number of solution is known as

A. heuristic

the drive reduction theory is based on what concept

A. homeostasis

which approach to understanding motives developed out of the humanistic veiw?

A. the hierarchy of needs

of the following which is a term used to describe the mental capacity to learn or invent new strategies for dealing with new kinds of problems

A< fluid intelligence

working in the homeless shelter bc it looks good on your college application even though you don't really want to spend time doing this is an example of what type of motivation ?

A> extrinsic

how many morphemes are contained in the word gentlemanly?

A> four

the tendency to think of objects as operating in constant and unchanging ways and ignoring other less obvious ways in which they might be used is known as

A> functional fixedness

what does factor analysis of a statistical technique allow researchers to do?

B identify clusters of variables or test items that correlate with one another?

" street smarts" is another name for robert sternbergs

C practical intelligence

once children reach the age ---- years, IQ scores start to become good predictors of future IQ

D 12 or 13

intellectual disability is diagnosed in people who not only have an IQ score below --- but also have difficulty adapting to the routine demands of independent living

D. 70

according to the text what is the term for the process of using existing schemas to deal with information encountered in the world?

D. assimilation

the nine intelligences proposed by gardner include linguistic, logical- mathematical, spatial , musical, naturalist, interpersonal, intrapersonal, existential and

D. bodily-kinesthetic

what do howard gardner and roberts sternberg hsve in common

D. both believe that there are multiple intelligences

the degree to which a test predicts what it supposedly measures is referred to as the ---- of a test

D. predictive validity

what is the verbal use of language called ?

D. speech

what does research indicate that we pay close attention to when we believe that others are trying to deceive us?

D. their nonverbal gestures

neuroscientists have shown that the brains of intelligent people are different than those of the less intelliegent in which of the following ways?

D. they have larger ventricles

about which of the following did charles spearman and louis thurstone disagreed?

D< whether intelligence is made up of one predominant factor pr several factors.

the text defines intelligence as the mental abilities necessary to do which of the following

D> adapt to and shape the environment

the tendency to judge the frequency or probability of an event in terms of how easy it is to think of examples of that event is called the

a. Availability heuristic

which of the following best supports the position that gender socialization is responsible for the differences in verbal ability between females and males

a. girls receive more encouragement to talk during infancy

a distribution of scores that clusters around the average test scores, with fewer scores found far from the average describes

a. the normal distribution

although the goal of ---- in schools is to integrate students with intellectual problems into a normal classroom environment the reality is that such students are often teased and ridiculed by other students in such settings

b. mainstreaming

using his test, joseph fagan found that babies between the ages of 2 ans 7 months tended to score higher on intelligence tests when they were older if they did which of the following

b. spent more time looking at novel stimuli

you are african american student fully aware of the negative culture stereotypes about your races intellectual abilities. you feel extra pressure while taking the sat because you realize that if you fail to perform well, you might confirm these negative stereotypes. you are experiencing what psychologists call

c. stereotype threat

finding something that you love to do is one of the six steps recommended in the text for increasing your

creativity

which type of intelligence identifies the ability to interact well socially and to reliably predict others motives and behavior

interpersonal

after reviewing all the evidence psychologists have estimated that heredity accounts for ---- % of the variation in intelligence and environment accounts for ---- %

just over 50 and just under 50

individuals who demonstrate exceptional ability in one specific intellectual area while being relatively limited in all other areas are known as

savants

sometimes sat scores are reported as percentiles. what do percentiles tell you?

B, the percentage of people in the standard group who scored at or below your score

which of the following is the brain condition that impairs ones ability to speak and use words, phrases, and sentences to convey info ?

B. Broca's aphasia

the claims made richard herrnstein and charles murray in their book the bell curve: intelligence and class structure in american life are very similar to the ideas advanced in which movement

B. Eugenics

If you were arguing with a friend about the major difference between the communications used by human beings and that by animals, which of the following would be your strongest point?

B. Humans can discuss what happened long ago, in the future, or what is currently happening far away

the use of the word piggy to refer to not only pigs but also other animals, such as cows or horses is an example of which of the following?

B. assimilation

according to the whorf-sapir hypothesis

B. language determines thinking

the smallest significant sound units in speech are known as which of the following ?

B. phonemes

the sentences "the waiter brought the dessert tray" and " the dessert tray was brought by the waiter" have different ___

B. surface structures

afred binet did not believe which of the following

B. that lower performing children are incapable of learning

what is a major communication difference between collectivist and individualist cultures?

B. the direct versus indirect expression of personal needs and feelings

Genetic testing of different click-speaking East African tribes who live thousands of miles apart reveals that although these click languages appear to derive from a common language, which of the following is true?

B. there is no evidence of any interbreeding over tens of thousands of years

what is a major disadvantage to the problem solving techniques of trail and error and algorithms

B. they are time intensive

when sir frances galton devised the concept of eugenics and attempted to put it into practice by way of intelligence testing, what was hos ultimate goal?

B. to improve the hereditary characteristics in society

which type of intelligence is required to solve familiar problems and to judge the quality of ideas

B> analytical

if your test retest reliability study resulted in a correlation of -.17 which of the following would you probably conclude?

B> the reliability of the measure you are testing is extremely low

the smallest unit of language that carries meaning is known as which of the following?

C. A morpheme

very few of the gifted individuals in lewis termans study did which of the following

C. became the best and brightest memebrs of their generation

at what age would you expect your child to start verbalizing morpheme sounds?

C. by 1 year of age

the tendency to seek information that supports our beliefs while ignoring disconfirming information is known as the

C. confirmation bias

which of the following is a possible explanation for why the japanese children outscore us children academically

C. doing well in school is a higher priority in japan

the rules used in language to communicate the meaning if words, phrases and sentences are known as

C. semantics

a statistical measure of the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two variables is called

C> a correlation coefficient

the tendency for peoples performace on IQ tests to improve from one generation to the next is referred to as

C> the flynn effect

the framed behaviorist B.F Skinner believed that people develop language skills primarily because of which reason?

C> they have been reinforced for doing so

the study of motivationb is essentially the study of

C_ motion