Psy 1010 Ch 1

A(n) ________ psychologist is likely to study attention and information processing.

=a. cognitive b. clinical c. educational d. behavioral

__________ and Educational psychologists work in the elementary and secondary academic systems where they test children and make recommendations about educational placement.

School

Formally defined, psychology is the scientific study of human ______ and mental processes.

behavior

What approach studies how a person's behavior may be affected by the area in which the behavior occurs?

=a. Sociocultural b. Cognitive c. Biological d. Psychodynamic

A psychologist is using the _________ approach to study how a child will act under conditions of reward or punishment.

=a. behavioral b. biological c. humanistic d. cognitive

A psychologist is conducting a survey of citizens to ascertain their knowledge of local mental health resources. This is an example of how ________ psychologists study people.

=a. community b. clinical c. developmental d. behavioral

Positive psychology is concerned with such topics as

=a. forgiveness. b. psychological disorders. =c. resilience. d. psycho-pharmacological treatment

Organisms have certain ____ which make production and survival more likely and are passed down through generations.

=a. genetic characteristics b. genetic material c. natural traits d. natural talents

June decides to consider the structure of her mind by thinking about her experience when sunlight hits her skin. June is practicing ___________.

=a. introspection b. behaviorism c. functionalism d. psychoanalysis

Sarah studies how rewards affect behavior. She is studying

=a. motivation and emotion. b. counseling. c. forensics. d. health and sensation.

_________ is the intricate process by which behavior changes to adapt to the different circumstances.

Learning

________ is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Psychology

Which of the following professionals might employ the expertise of a sport psychologist?

a. A sports broadcaster b. A clinician c. A forensic pathologist =d. An elite athlete e. A trial lawyer

Select all the behaviors that can NOT be directly observed.

a. Actions =b. Feelings =c. Thoughts =d. Motives

Which psychological perspective emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between the biological instincts and society's demands, and early family experiences?

a. Biological approach b. Behavioral approach c. Sociocultural approach =d. Psychodynamic approach

Which field of psychology studies the relatively enduring qualities of individuals?

a. Clinical psychology b. Health psychology c. Community psychology =d. Personality psychology

Which of the following statements are true regarding controversies in the field of psychology?

a. Controversies force psychologists to draw inaccurate conclusions about the mind and behavior. =b. Psychology fosters controversies c. Controversies prevent psychologists from developing consistent scientific theories =d. Controversies help psychologists by allowing them to examine evidence on all sides

________ is the scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system. a. Environmental psychology b. Environmental science c. Neuroscience d. Forensic psychology e. Clinical psychology

a. Environmental psychology b. Environmental science =c. Neuroscience d. Forensic psychology e. Clinical psychology

Identify the two key early proponents of the behavioral approach.

a. Frued b. James =c. Skinner =d. Watson

_______ is a field of psychology that uses a multidimensional approach that emphasizes psychological factors, lifestyle, and the nature of the healthcare system.

a. Industrial and organizational psychology b. Behavioral psychology =c. Health psychology d. Personality psychology

Which field of psychology is interested in lifespan growth and changes? a. Industrial and organizational psychology b. Environmental psychology c. Forensic psychology =d. Developmental psychology

a. Industrial and organizational psychology b. Environmental psychology c. Forensic psychology =d. Developmental psychology

According to the definition of environmental psychology, which area of psychology is NOT affected by physical settings?

a. Learning b. Cognition c. Abnormal behavior =c. Sexuality d. Social relations e. Perception f. Development

The psychology of women and gender emphasizes the importance of which of the following?

a. People's interactions with women and their relationships, social perceptions, social cognition, and attitudes =b. The psychological influences on women's behavior c. The effects of rewards and punishments on female psyches =d. The social and cultural influences on women's development

What is a psychological perspective that uses concepts such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors?

a. Socioculture approach b. Neuroscience approach =c. Evolutionary approach d. Behavioral approach

Contemporary behaviorists do NOT emphasize which of the following?

a. The observation of behavior b. The methods of Watson and Skinner c. Actions =d. Sexual drives

Who is associated with the functionalist movement?

a. Willhelm Wundt b. Sigmund Freud =c. William James d. Abraham Maslow

Darwin's concept of natural selection is related to ________ theory, as both consider how species change over time.

a. biological b. cognitive =c. evolutionary d. psychological

Juan is a psychologist studying how changes in ambient lighting affect people's performance on a vision test. Juan studies

a. clinical psychology b. developmental psychology =c. sensation and perception d. cognition and performance

Johnathan is a psychologist working with rats to identify the physical processes that fuel mental processes. He is probably a

a. community psychologist. =b. physiological psychologist. c. forensic psychologist. d. counseling psychologist.

Empirical method involves all of the following except:

a. data collection =b. subjection thinking c. logical reasoning d. gaining knowledge through observation

Psychologists who attempt to connect our decision making processes to those of other animals and early humans practice the _________ approach.

a. environmental b. sociocultural =c. evolutionary d. psychodynamic

_______ is a process used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when exposed to a stimulus.

a. functionalism =b. introspection c. behavioralism d. structuralism

If you think you might have a psychological disorder such as bipolar disorder, you should likely see a ________ psychologist; whereas if you are having difficulty adjusting to a new school or job or having a relationship problem you should see a _________ psychologist.

a. health; counseling b. counseling; health c. counseling; clinical =d. clinical; counseling

Positive psychology is a movement that emphasizes

a. human weaknesses b. physical health c. mental illness =d. human strengths

The technique that Freud developed is called

a. laboratory study b. introspection =c. psychoanalysis d. neuroscience

Psychology seeks to understand

a. mental illnesses only =b. people's worst experiences =c. people's best experiences

According to evolutionary theory, species

a. migrate to the environment that best suits their physical characteristics. =b. change through random mutation. c. pass a consistent heredity from mother to child. d. change as a result of constant competition with subsequent generations.

A psychologist is interested in studying the role of stress and coping in people's lives. This psychologist is probably a

a. neuropsychologist. b. social psychologist. c. forensic psychologist. =d. health psychologist.

Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of a. physical health and wellness. b. mood and emotions. c. individual differences. =d. behavior and mental processes

a. physical health and wellness. b. mood and emotions. c. individual differences. =d. behavior and mental processes

Community psychology concentrates on

a. providing a multidimensional approach to human health. b. interactions between people, relationships, social perceptions, social cognition, and attitudes. c. diagnosing and treating people with psychological problems. =d. improving the quality of relationships among individuals and society.

Alan is studying heart rate variability in response to anxiety. He is using a(n) _______ approach to study a psychological phenomenon.

a. psychodynamic b. humanistic c. evolutionary =d. biological

A cognitive psychologist might study how the brain solves problems by considering a mental process such as

a. psychopathology =b. imagination =c. memory d. unconscious ideas

Sigmund Freud theorized that

a. the human brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow us to remember, make decisions, plan, set goals, and be creative. =b. early relationships with parents shaped an individual's personality. c. understanding a person's behavior requires knowing about the cultural context in which the behavior occurs. d. evolutionary ideas formed the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.

Introspection includes the _______ the one's own thoughts and perceptions.

a. unconscious thoughts b. religious analysis =c. careful consideration

The __________ approach focuses on an organism's observable behavior as opposed to thoughts or feelings.

behavioral

Psychologists who focus on the brain and nervous system are adhering to the ________ approach.

biological

Many ________ psychologists focus on the way that the mind interprets incoming information, evaluates it, stores it, and applies it to decision making.

cognitive

Psychologists who are primarily therapists use therapeutic tools that have been proven as effective by empirical research. This means that they engage in ________ _______ _________.

evidence-based practice

Darwin's principle of _______ _______ is an evolutionary process in which organisms best adapted to their surroundings will survive and produce offspring.

natural selection

Biological processes, such as the role the brain has in behavior, is the focus of the field of behavioral ___________.

neuroscience

A(n) _______ psychologist would be interested in social perception, cognition, and attitudes.

social

The ___ approach examines the ways in which social and cultural factors influence behavior.

sociocultural

Wundt and his collaborators believed that the key method of study for their theory of ____ was introspection.

structuralism

__________ is concerned with the components of the mind; while ________ is concerned with the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.

structuralism; functionalism

Cross-cultural psychology is the study of a culture's role in understanding which of the following?

=a. Behavior =b. Thought =c. Emotion d. Environment

Which of the following categories are considered perspectives or approaches to psychology? (Select all that apply)

=a. Behavioral =b. Psychodynamic c. Philosophical =d. Biological

Which of the following are among the main concerns of industrial and organizational psychology?

=a. Human resource concerns =b. Personnel matters c. Personality traits d. Lifestyle choices

_______ created the first psychology laboratory.

=a. Wundt b. Freud c. Hall

___________ believed that the mind and body were linked, while _________ believed that they were two separate entities.

Aristotle, Descartes

True or false: A psychiatrist typically has a doctoral degree in psychology, while a clinical psychologist is a physician with a medical degree who specializes in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy.

False

True or false: Humanistic psychologists theorize that people are driven by unconscious impulses and external rewards.

False

________ psychology is the field that applies psychological concepts to the legal system.

Forensic

A social psychologist might study how people

a. persist to attain a goal. =b. behave differently depending on if they are alone or around other people. c. change physically in relation to how old they are. d. cope with depression.

A ________ is able to prescribe psychoactive medications to treat psychopathology.

a. personality psychologist b. clinical psychologist =c. psychiatrist d. counseling psychologist