PSY 111 MC Practice Exam 2

According to research published by Oldmeadow and colleagues (2013), people are most likely to use Facebook to connect with others when: a. they want to connect to do something together in person. b. they are going to travel and want to arrange to meet people in a new city. c. they have a life accomplishment that they want to share. d. they are experiencing negative emotions.

d. they are experiencing negative emotions.

________ refers to one's biological endowment, including the genes that we receive from our parents. a.discontinuity b.nature c.nurture d.continuity

b.nature

Persuasion is most effective when individuals are: a.intensely emotionally aroused b.not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened c.given strong messages to conform d.not given the freedom to make a choice

b.not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened

Playing Chutes and Ladders gives children opportunity to be exposed to spatial, kinesthetic, verbal, and time-based cues on the size of numbers. Understanding the properties that indicate the size of numbers is also known as what? a.hypothesized mathematics b.numerical magnitudes c.numerical varieties d.multisensory activity

b.numerical magnitudes

Eight-month old Jonathan was left by his mother at the baby-sitter's place. The minute his mother left and he could not see her, Jonathan started to cry. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development which concept would explain Jonathan's behavior? a.transformation b.object permanence c.egocentrism d.conservation

b.object permanence

Farrah is learning about _________. To track her progress, her teacher presents her with pairs of words and asks her which of them rhyme. a.phonetic deconstruction b.phonemic awareness c.linguistic relativity d.morphemic sensitivity

b.phonemic awareness

Adam is upset that his twin brother Ryan has two pieces of pie while he only has one. His Mom rightly states that it's the same amount of pie it's just that Ryan's piece fell apart into two pieces as it was transferred onto the plate. Still not satisfied, Adam begins to throw a temper tantrum. In a moment of desperation, Adam's Mom cuts his piece in half saying: "There, Adam, now you have two pieces!" This worked. Adam is now happy. What Piagetian Stage is Adam in? a.sensorimotor b.preoperational c.concrete operational d.formal operational

b.preoperational

According to the _________ law of effect, David is less likely to turn to drugs, sex, or alcohol for reinforcement since he has plenty of other sources of reinforcement such as good grades, soccer team wins, and parental praise. a.mathematical b.quantitative c.natural d.qualitative

b.quantitative

Which of the following is the most important aspect of a child's ability to develop depth perception (demonstrated by the fact that the absence of this factor can lead to depth perception problems later in life)? a.the presence of nictitating membranes over the corneas b.receiving patterned light c.the firing of mirror neurons d.protection from teratogens during the fetal stage of prenatal development

b.receiving patterned light

With so many different types of measures used to assess personality it is important to examine both the extent to which scores change over time and the consistency of test scores across repeated assessments. When completing test-retests like this, researchers are assessing measures' _____________. a.objectivity b.reliability c.individual differences d.validity

b.reliability

Researchers pointed out to participants how gullible they were in being influenced by advertisements. As a result the participants were less affected by ads. What is technique effect called? a.blocking b.stinging c.defending d.door-in-the-face

b.stinging

Yolanda is hosting a jewelry party during which her friends will come to her home and (hopefully) buy jewelry that she recommends. In this situation, there are many different ways in which perceptions of trustworthiness are being manipulated. Which of the following best describes why Yolanda might be successful in selling jewelry? a.social proof b.word of mouth c.maven endorsements d.authority compliance

b.word of mouth

___________is the desire to make significant accomplishments by mastering skills or meeting high standards. a. Need for achievement b. Sensation seeking c. Self-consciousness d. Need for cognition

a. Need for achievement

Walter Mischel (1968, 2009) pointed out this apparent fact about the predictability of individuals' behavior through personality tests: a. People's behavior varies greatly situation by situation, but tests can reveal their average behavior across many situations. b. Personality tests can be very accurate at assessing people's personality type, but not their behavior. c. People's behavior can vary so greatly due to situational influences that tests are of little to no value. d. Some tests are better than others at assessing or predicting individual behavior in a given situation.

a. People's behavior varies greatly situation by situation, but tests can reveal their average behavior across many situations.

In the study that Harry Harlow conducted examining the attachment patterns of macaque monkeys, which factor predicted the highest amount of attachment between a monkey and a surrogate "mother?" a. contact comfort b. the ability of the "mother" to feed the baby c. the resemblance of the "mother" to an actual monkey d. the number of "mothers" in the baby's cage

a. contact comfort

Research has repeatedly supported the notion that adult personality exists as a combination of the "big five" personality traits. Which of the following is NOT a big five personality trait? a. psychoticism b. openness to experience c. extraversion d. neuroticism

a. psychoticism

The "law of effect" states: a.Any behavior that leads to a positive state is likely to be repeated. b.Any behavior that leads to a negative state is likely to be repeated. c.The effect of a behavior has little or no relationship to the behavior itself. d.Behaviors that lead to positive states will not occur in an artificial cage environment.

a.Any behavior that leads to a positive state is likely to be repeated.

The researchers most closely associated with operant conditioning are: a.B.F. Skinner and Edward Thorndike b.Ivan Pavlov and John Watson c.David Premack and Albert Bandura d.Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung

a.B.F. Skinner and Edward Thorndike

In which of these scenarios has extinction occurred? a.Connor has quit smoking and no longer feels excited when he sees a cigarette. b.Connor has quit smoking, but still craves the nicotine buzz that he used to get in the past. c.Connor finds that he needs to smoke more cigarettes to get the same nicotine buzz as he used to. d.Connor finds that smoking cigarettes is no longer as rewarding as when he first started.

a.Connor has quit smoking and no longer feels excited when he sees a cigarette.

Participants were given a word list with the following words: table, restaurant, food, silverware, plate, service, and waiter. Later, when asked to recall the words, many participants accidentally included the word dinner, even though it was not on the list. This phenomena is referred to as: a.Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect b.distinctiveness c.retroactive interference d.proactive interference

a.Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect

Which of the following best captures how memory works? a.Memories are reconstructions of the event, which makes them susceptible to inaccuracy b.Our memories are like recordings: in storage until we need to play them c.Once we store something in long term memory, we can never forget it d.We remember stressful events vividly and accurately

a.Memories are reconstructions of the event, which makes them susceptible to inaccuracy

Which of the following examples is consistent with the Law of Effect? a.The more you win at soccer, the more likely you will continue to play soccer. b.The younger you are when you begin to play soccer, the more likely you will continue to play soccer. c.The more you play soccer, the more likely you will continue to play soccer. d.The more you watch soccer on TV, the more likely you will continue to play soccer.

a.The more you win at soccer, the more likely you will continue to play soccer.

Fear conditioning can play a role in creating __________ in humans. a.anxiety disorders b.learning disabilities c.depressive disorders d.personality disorders

a.anxiety disorders

While reading a magazine Juan notices an advertisement for tennis shoes. Juan is very interested in reading about the materials the shoes are made out of and logically concludes the tennis shoes would be a good purchase. Juan was likely in which persuasion route? a.central b.peripheral c.heuristic d.trigger

a.central

In the classic study by Hartshorne, May, Maller, and Shuttleworth (1928), the authors found that if they varied the situation, they could get children to behave honestly or dishonestly depending on the situation. This study supports the belief that ______. a.children's ethical behavior depends on the situation b.children's ethical behavior depends on their personality c.children's ethical behavior depends on their parents d.children's ethical behavior is genetically determined

a.children's ethical behavior depends on the situation

If a boy believed that the only variable that affected the distance a ball traveled when thrown was the force with which it was thrown and then conducted a biased "experiment" that proved his assumption which developmental phenomenon according to Piaget is involved? a.concrete operations b.object permanence c.conservation d.formal operations

a.concrete operations

To study development researchers want to know how changes in thinking occur. When a change is gradual, linear, and quantitative, such as a child's height, development is considered to be: a.continuous b.staged c.unstagedTitle Piagetian Theory (Factual) d.discontinuous

a.continuous

What do information processing theories focus on? a.describing the cognitive processes that underlie thinking at any one age and cognitive growth over time b.describing development that occurs sequentially and discontinuously that allows for strict quantitative measures when observing changes c.development that occurs through a sequence of discontinuous stages: the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages d.emphasizing how other people and the attitudes, values, and beliefs of the surrounding culture influence children's development

a.describing the cognitive processes that underlie thinking at any one age and cognitive growth over time

If Jack confiscates his son Joshua's video game console to stop him from misbehaving, what technique is Jack using to modify Joshua's behavior? a.negative punishment. b.passive aggressive behavior. c.negative reinforcement. d.positive reinforcement.

a.negative punishment.

Kelly is grounded by her father, until she sits down and completes an important homework assignment. Which technique has her father used to try to alter her behavior? a.negative reinforcement. b.parental reinforcement. c.positive punishment. d.positive reinforcement.

a.negative reinforcement.

When trying to remember a list of words, a person may choose a word to which they "hang" their memories on. This type of mnemonic device is called the ___________ __________ technique. a.peg word b.retrieval language c.mnemonic word d.word aid

a.peg word

Imagine that you are trying to teach your friend a new language. In order to make sure they are learning the vocabulary, you have them write down, from memory, every word they can think of that has to do with clothes (i.e., you have them write down words like dress, pants, shoes, shorts, t-shirt, etc.). This type of memory performance is referred to as: a.production test b.mnemonic performance c.recall test d.cue overload

a.production test

A __________ narrative is a life story that affirms one's transformation from suffering to an elevated status or state. a.redemptive b.actualizing c.transactional d.developmental

a.redemptive

Cory's dad hides his keys under her blanket. Cory quickly retrieves and starts playing with them. What Piagetian stage has Cory mastered? a.sensorimotor b.formal operational c.concrete operational d.preoperational

a.sensorimotor

When you were 10 years old, you were REALLY into Pokémon. You knew all the characters, their families, and their evolutionary history. However, you quit playing Pokémon when you got to junior high because your friends made fun of you. Now, you can still remember some of the characters, but you can't remember all the details. This is an example of: a.storage decay b.misinformation effect c.encoding failure d.source amnesia

a.storage decay

When people reflect on the ways in which their past experiences have informed their sense of identity and wonder about how they might change in the future they are considering _________. a.temporal continuity b.self-actualization c.self-esteem d.mortality salience

a.temporal continuity

Gordon Allport and his colleagues' approach to personality led to the development of the five-factor model. Their approach, called the __________________, theorized that all important personality characteristics should be reflected in the language that we use to describe other people a. common-adjective-use approach b. lexical hypothesis c. vocabulary premise d. Allport Postulate

b. lexical hypothesis

According to __________, the study of child development should focus on whether children progress through qualitatively different stages of development. a.Vygotsky b.Piaget c.Bronfenbrenner d.Perry

b.Piaget

The finding that an animal will stop performing an instrumental response that once led to a reinforcer if the reinforcer is separately made aversive or undesirable is known as what? a.Preparedness b.Reinforcer devaluation effect c.Renewal effect d.Law of effect

b.Reinforcer devaluation effect

Which of the following best captures the idea of cue overload? a.Cue overload occurs when people try to use too many cues to remember one piece of information. b.To be effective, a retrieval cue has to be unique. c.To avoid cue overload, retrieval cues should be consistent (e.g., all visual, auditory, etc.). d.To avoid cue overload, retrieval cues should be limited to one per memory.

b.To be effective, a retrieval cue has to be unique.

A Pavlovian conditioned response elicits: a.salivation b.a whole system of responses in which some are more easily measured or observed c.a voluntary response d.the single reflex that is measured

b.a whole system of responses in which some are more easily measured or observed

Simon's rabbit gets a treat every night. The treats come in a plastic bag that makes a crinkling sound. When the rabbit hears the bag he runs to the door of his cage to await the treat. One night Simon when Simon is eating chips the rabbit hears the sound of the bag and runs to his cage door. The sound of the bag is the: a.conditioned response b.conditioned stimulus c.unconditioned response d.unconditioned stimulus

b.conditioned stimulus

In the study that Harry Harlow conducted examining the attachment patterns of macaque monkeys, which factor predicted the highest amount of attachment between a monkey and a surrogate "mother?" a.the ability of the "mother" to feed the baby b.contact comfort c.the number of "mothers" in the baby's cage d.the resemblance of the "mother" to an actual monkey

b.contact comfort

According to Erickson, which is one of the greatest achievements for the self as a motivated agent? a.creating a self-narrative b.developing an identity c.developing theory of mind d.creating a social reputation

b.developing an identity

Which principle describes when an unusual event, typically in the context of similar events, will be recalled and recognized better than uniform events? a.misinformation b.distinctiveness c.recoding d.cue overload

b.distinctiveness

The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage "trigger features" that activate sequential behavior in animals and humans. What is this sequence of behavior called? a.reciprocity b.fixed action patterns (FAPs) c.social proof d.inoculation

b.fixed action patterns (FAPs)

Using informant ratings can lead to biased personality scores, specifically providing unrealistically positive assessments. This is because of the _________________________ effect where informants are usually individuals who like the person they are rating and therefore are motivated to depict them in a socially desirable way. a.sibling contrast effect b.letter of recommendation c.reference group effect d.high-stakes testing effect

b.letter of recommendation

"Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally" (PEMDAS) is a popular way for math teachers to help their students remember the order of operations (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction). This is an example of: a.misinformation effect b.mnemonic devices c.Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect d.testing Effect

b.mnemonic devices

Pin-ya raises her hand when she wants to speak in the classroom; however, she does not need to do so at home. This is because at school, her operant behavior is under _________ control. a.learning b.teacher c.stimulus d.reinforcement

c. stimulus

Which of the following best describes a flashbulb memory? a.A person will have greater memory for a typical event than an unusual event b.A person will have worse memory of some momentous and emotional event c.A person will have greater memory of some momentous and emotional event d.A person will have worse memory for an unusual event than typical events

c.A person will have greater memory of some momentous and emotional event

__________ testing refers to a situations in which test scores are used to make important decisions about individuals, such as being hired for a job. a.Placement b.Criterion-related c.High-stakes d.Predictive

c.High-stakes

What resolution have developmental psychologists come to when it comes to the nature vs. nurture debate? a.Our biological endowments have a much larger effect on our growth and behavior than our current environment. b.Our environments and genes are still under investigation to resolve the debate of which is more influential in our development. c.Our biological endowment, along with our social and physical environments, interact to determine developmental outcomes. d.Our social and physical worlds cannot match the developmental factors preset by our heritable characteristics.

c.Our biological endowment, along with our social and physical environments, interact to determine developmental outcomes.

The technical definition of a reinforcer is: a.a stimulus that increases the likelihood of good behaviors b.any consequence that follows a behavior c.any consequence of a behavior that strengthens the behavior or increases the likelihood that it will be performed again d.any consequence of a behavior that decreases the likelihood that it will be performed again.

c.any consequence of a behavior that strengthens the behavior or increases the likelihood that it will be performed again

The ________ route to persuasion employs direct, relevant, and logical messages to convince a listener to make a specific change. a.unilateral b.proximal c.central d.distal

c.central

Andre grew up in New Orleans and was present when Hurricane Katrina occurred. His family, his community, and Andre share a ________ memory of this event. a.short-term b.semantic c.collective d.working

c.collective

During the preoperational stage, children struggle with ________ problems as they focus on one dimension and ignore changes in other dimensions. For example, laying out five candies close together versus spread out will likely lead a 2- to 7-year-old to state that the second layout has more candy (even though the actual number of candies is the same). a.permanence b.management c.conservation d.stationary

c.conservation

Clues to the important roles both nature and nurture play in development is seen in infants as they begin to gain the ability to actively perceive the distance from themselves to objects in the environment. This ability is also known as what term? a.ocular maturation b.light pattern response c.depth perception d.parietal brain activity

c.depth perception

Which of the following is not a part of the proposed "triad of trustworthiness?" a.authority b.honesty c.expertise d.likability

c.expertise

Marcela can clearly remember the moment she learned about the events of Sept. 11, 2001. She vividly recalls when her teacher walked in and turned on the news - the face of the firefighter she saw is permanently etched in her brain. She remembers who was sitting next to her and what she was wearing. This scenario describes what phenomenon? a.misinformation effect b.retroactive interference c.flashbulb memory d.proactive interference

c.flashbulb memory

According to Piaget, the developmental processes that explain children's cognitive development are measured by: a.the answers children give to each problem b.how well they work together to solve a problem c.how children reason, with fundamental changes tin thinking occurring in each stage d.a child's age

c.how children reason, with fundamental changes tin thinking occurring in each stage

Which of the following describes a situation where a person goes beyond available evidence to form a conclusion that is likely to be true? For example, Romeo might infer from his smart older sister that when she said, "I finished the test" that meant that she passed the test. a.having selective attention b.engaging in incorrect encoding c.making a pragmatic inference d.succumbing to social influence

c.making a pragmatic inference

Dr. Reichl is a psychoanalyst who believes that analyzing his patients' dreams is one of the best ways to access this part of their mind. a.preconscious b.conscious c.nonconscious d.subconscious

c.nonconscious

Social psychologists are often interested in the phenomena of _________, in which one person influences the thoughts or actions of another. a.altruism b.love c.persuasion d.empathy

c.persuasion

When people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they tend to: a.rate themselves lower on the trait compared to others b.rate themselves inconsistently on the trait compared to others c.rate themselves higher on the trait compared to others d.rate themselves consistently on the trait compared to others

c.rate themselves higher on the trait compared to others

When Chloe was trying to learn about the stages of memory, she used a personal example to help her transform the information as it was given into something that made sense to her. This process is known as what? a.mnemonics b.distinctiveness c.recoding d.retrieval

c.recoding

When exposed to adults who say one thing and do another, children will tend to: a.say the same things but do the opposite of what the adults did b.behave with no predictability as to what they say or do c.say the same things and do what they observed the adults did d.neither say nor do what they heard or observed the adults did

c.say the same things and do what they observed the adults did

According to Piaget, a child who is in the __________ stage of cognitive development would fail a task of object permanence. a.concrete operational reasoning b.preoperational reasoning c.sensorimotor d.formal operational reasoning

c.sensorimotor

Specific, sometimes minute, aspects of a situation that activate fixed action patterns are called __________ features. a.peripheral b.central c.trigger d.persuasion

c.trigger

Jessie is interested in the cultural differences in respectfulness. To measure this she records how far away a person sits down when invited for an interview. The ability of Jessie's measure to predict her interest in respectfulness is known as the study's: a.directness b.reliability c.validity d.objectivity

c.validity

Levi met a cute girl on the street. The girl gave Levi her number and Levi is trying to remember the digits until he can write it down when he finds a paper and pencil. Levi is using what type of memory to remember the girl's phone number? a.collective memory b.episodic memory c.working memory d.semantic memory

c.working memory

Factor analysis allowed personality theorists to: a. generate statistically significant descriptions of personality traits b. assess the ability of specific personality tests to predict behavior c. measure the contribution of genetics to personality characteristics d. analyze the correlations among traits and identify the most important ones

d. analyze the correlations among traits and identify the most important ones

In what important way is the development of social media, such as Facebook, important in its relationship to attachment relationships? a. it creates a medium for multiple people to converse on similar topics of interest b. it gives people an opportunity to "research" others without actually interacting with them c. it provides a medium for people to form romances without the threat of in-person interaction d. it allows people to stay connected despite physical distance between them

d. it allows people to stay connected despite physical distance between them

Lilly is having a conversation with her grandmother about her school, friends, and various activities and interests. Lilly also says, "Grandma, I think that I'm a good person. I like making other people feel happy!" Lilly's feeling that she is worthy and good reflects her _________. a. self-schema b. self-efficacy c. self-concept d. self-esteem

d. self-esteem

How do attachment figures tend to differ from children to adults? a.Children's primary attachment figures are usually parents; adults' primary attachment figures are usually themselves. b.Children tend to switch attachment figures on a regular basis, while adults tend to have only one attachment figure. c.Children tend to have only one attachment figure, while adults tend to switch attachment figures on a regular basis. d.Children's primary attachment figures are usually parents; adults' primary attachment figures are usually a romantic partner.

d.Children's primary attachment figures are usually parents; adults' primary attachment figures are usually a romantic partner.

Which of the following is not one of the advantages of a self-report personality test? a.It is a simple approach to assessing personality. b.It is a very cost-effective practice. c.It is an easy method of assessing personality. d.It is the only truly valid way to assess personality.

d.It is the only truly valid way to assess personality.

With regard to the 'Nature versus Nurture' debate, which of the following outcomes seems to be the final conclusion to this age-old question? a.Nature is the essential factor in cognitive development, while nurture is relatively unimportant. b.Neither nature nor nurture are essential factors in cognitive development. c.Nurture is the essential factor in cognitive development, while nature is relatively unimportant. d.Nature and nurture both work together to produce cognitive development.

d.Nature and nurture both work together to produce cognitive development.

__________ is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors. a.Conformity b.Compliance c.Obedience d.Persuasion

d.Persuasion

Emily naturally blinks whenever her sister pretends she's going to poke her in the eye. Her sister, a psychology major, then decides to have a little fun. She pairs the word "psychology" (conditioned stimulus) with pretending to poke Emily in the eye (unconditioned stimulus). Soon, Emily blinks as soon as she hears the word "psychology." According to the concept of blocking, what would happen in this scenario if Emily's sister also started snapping her fingers when she said the word psychology? a.Snapping her fingers will become a second conditioned stimulus causing Emily to blink b.Emily will stop blinking because she is getting too many conditioned stimuli than classical conditioning can account for c.Emily will blink twice, one for each conditioned stimulus that causes the conditioned response d.Snapping her fingers will not have any additional effects because it is not adding any surprise to predict the unconditi

d.Snapping her fingers will not have any additional effects because it is not adding any surprise to predict the unconditioned stimulus

Three years ago, Nasim ate a burger and was violently sick a few hours afterwards. Even though it was the only time up to that point that he had had this reaction to burgers, he cannot even look at a burger without feeling sick. Why is his conditioned taste aversion puzzling from the perspective of the general principles of classical conditioning? a.Burgers are not ecologically relevant stimuli, and so should not elicit such strong responses. b.Nasim had enjoyed many burgers in the past, and so this conditioning should not have occurred. c.The interval between Nasim eating the burger and him being sick was not long enough to result in classical conditioning. d.The association that Nasim made between eating the burger and feeling sick required only a single US-CS pairing.

d.The association that Nasim made between eating the burger and feeling sick required only a single US-CS pairing.

The encoding specificity principle is a hypothesis that states: a.a retrieval cue will be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue is distinct or does not match information in the engram/memory trace. b.a retrieval cue will be effective to the extent that information retrieved from the cue is distinct or does not match information in memory. c.a retrieval cue will NOT be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue overlaps or matches information in the engram/memory trace. d.a retrieval cue will be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue overlaps or matches information in the engram/memory trace.

d.a retrieval cue will be effective to the extent that information encoded from the cue overlaps or matches information in the engram/memory trace.

At which stage does memory failure typically occur? a.storage b.retrieval c.encoding d.any stage

d.any stage

Sidney Crosby, a famous hockey player, is paid $10 million to wear Reebok ice-skates. Reebok hopes this will increase sales of their skates due to: a.observational learning b.positive reinforcement c.avoidance conditioning d.classical conditioning

d.classical conditioning

In Pavlov's experiments, what type of stimulus was the bell, generally? a.unconditioned. b.discriminative. c.neutral. d.conditioned.

d.conditioned.

The night before a midterm exam, Kurt is invited to a party by his friends. He decides not to go to the party because doing well in the course is important to his career goals. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Wayne likely score high in? a.neuroticism b.agreeableness c.openness d.conscientiousness

d.conscientiousness

Oscar would like to go to a movie without supervision. To try and get what he wants, he starts by asking his mom if he can go on a trip to the Rollercoaster Park with just his friends. When his mom says no, like he predicted, he goes on to ask if he can at least go to the movies by himself. Oscar's strategy in asking to go to the movies is an example of what persuasion trick? a.sunk costs b.reactance c.foot-in-the-door d.door-in-the-face

d.door-in-the-face

According to research by Langlois et al. (1995) and van den Boom & Hoeksma (1994), babies who are ________ tend to elicit more sensitive and affectionate care from their parents then babies who lack these attributes. a.premature or low-birthweight b.first-born children c.identical twins d.easygoing and attractive

d.easygoing and attractive

Davina attends school regularly and has made great strides in her understanding of material in her science classes. Being able to reason more like a mature adult, Davina is in which of Piaget's developmental stages? a.preoperational b.sensorimotor c.concrete operational d.formal operational

d.formal operational

In a study, researchers asked one group of participants to watch a video about two friends in an unpleasant argument. They asked another group of participants to watch the same video, but told participants that it was a video of two friends enjoying a lively discussion. Afterwards, the researchers notice that participants who were told the discussion was an argument were more likely to falsely report that the people in the video were yelling, frowning, and getting angry. This is an example of: a.source Amnesia b.misattribution effect c.cue overload d.misinformation effect

d.misinformation effect

Kyle has a reputation for being very calm during an emergency. He copes very well with stress and is able to think clearly and make effective decisions. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Wayne likely score low in? a.conscientiousness b.openness c.agreeableness d.neuroticism

d.neuroticism

The fact that the psychologist administering a given personality test does not need to rely on judgment to classify or interpret the test-taker's response is the hallmark of a __________ test. a.parametric b.nomothetic c.subjective d.objective

d.objective

The ________ route to persuasion relies on superficial cues that have little to do with logic. It requires a target who is not thinking carefully about what you are saying. a.proximal b.convergent c.central d.peripheral

d.peripheral

At your old apartment, you had to take out the trash every Friday. However, at your new apartment, the trash comes on Wednesdays. Now, you can never seem to remember to take the trash out in time (you keep thinking it needs to be taken out on Friday). This is an example of what type of forgetting? a.memory traces/engrams b.cue overload c.retroactive interference d.proactive interference

d.proactive interference

As he grows up, Jonah puts on weight each year. At his annual checkup his doctor informs him that, at age 10, he weighs 22% more than he did at age seven. What kind of change does this reflect? a.continuous b.discontinuous c.qualitative d.quantitative

d.quantitative

Cues that work best to evoke retrieval are those that recreate the event or name to be remembered and sometimes the target itself. However, sometimes these cues do not work and people are unsuccessful in identifying the correct answer. For example, if I am trying to cue someone to think of their home-phone, I might give the cue "phone". However, this could also prompt the individual to recall words like work-phone or cell-phone, thus failing to recall home-phone. Which phenomenon describes this failure? a.false consolidation processes b.misinformation of cues c.false storage of information d.recognition failure of recallable words

d.recognition failure of recallable words

Dr. Peters gives the same personality test to a client three times over the course of 6 months, and finds that the results are very similar. This test would be described as having high ________ due to the consistency of its findings. a.norms b.standardization c.validity d.reliability

d.reliability

In classical conditioning, the animal behaves as if it has learned to associate a ________with a significant event. In operant conditioning, the animal behaves as if it has learned to associate a ________with a significant event. a.command; reflex b.behavior; stimulus c.reward; punishment d.stimulus; behavior

d.stimulus; behavior

Every time you eat cotton candy, you are reminded of the time you went to a carnival with your best friend and ate cotton candy until you were sick. In this scenario, the cotton candy represents: a.the memory trace b.the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) effect c.cue overload d.the retrieval cue

d.the retrieval cue

If a tone is sometimes preceded by a light, and always followed by a shock, an animal will likely learn to fear: a.only the tone and light if paired together b.the tone absolutely and the light to a lesser degree c.the tone and the light equally d.the tone, but not the light

d.the tone, but not the light

_________ an attachment figure would be considered to fall at the low extreme end of attachment behaviors? (Conceptual) a.active searching for b.following c.vocal signaling for an attachment figure d.visual searching for

d.visual searching for