PSY 150 chapter 13If you take a class in personality psychology, which of the following topics is most likely to come up? Multiple choice question. The influence of conscientiousness on grades The cause of developmental disorders such as autism The

What criterion is used to determine if raters have good inter-rater reliability? A correlation of .80 or higher A correlation of .50 or higher A correlation of .90 or higher A correlation of .65 or higher

A correlation of .80 or higher

Western cultures tend to be more _____, where as Eastern cultures tend to be more _____. collectivistic; individualistic environmentally determined; genetically determined individualistic; collectivistic genetically determined; environmentally determined

individualistic; collectivistic

Freud suggested that a person with the personality structure in the image (large id, small superego) would be over controlled. overly impulsive. healthy. excessively guilty.

overly impulsive.

Someone interested in _____ psychology might be interested in how introverted people behave differently from extroverted people. personality developmental clinical organizational

personality

According to Freud, the three layers of consciousness are conscious, unconscious, and ________

preconscious

The _____ layer is just below the surface of awareness whereas the _____ layer is simply what we are aware of at any given moment in time. preconscious; conscious conscious; preconscious unconscious; preconscious conscious; subconscious

preconscious; conscious

According to _____ theory, the unconscious mind must be exposed to understand personality. humanist trait psychoanalytic social learning

psychoanalytic

The internal and specific cognitive, motivational or personality systems that help solve survival and reproductive problems are called _____ mechanisms. trait personality psychological physical

psychological

When scientists use the term anthropomorphization, they are referring to the tendency to interpret human behavior as animal-like. to project human qualities onto animals. to project low intelligence onto animals. to interpret animal behavior as feral.

to project human qualities onto animals.

True or false: The impulses that are most likely to be repressed are sexual and aggressive in nature.

True

True or false: Trait theory assumes that dispositions are the major force behind personality.

True

According to Horney, there is a neurotic trend or need to move away from others. It best describes the _____ personality. detached aggressive compliant fixated

detached

Twin studies have found that most basic personality traits have heritability estimates of between _____ and _____ percent. Multiple choice question. 40; 60 50; 70 20; 40 30; 50

40; 60

_____ are defined as ancient or archaic images that result from common ancestral experiences Neuroses Defense mechanisms Archetypes Traits

Archetypes

____ are unconscious strategies used by the mind to protect itself from harmful, threatening, and anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, or impulses. Temperaments Qualitative traits Defense mechanisms Quantitative traits

Defense mechanisms

The personality dimension of interpersonal relatedness includes such behaviors and attitudes as respectful, obedient demeanor towards others, a belief in saving "face," and an emphasis on harmonious relationships. This description best fits collectivist cultures such as from the: younger generation West older generation East

East

Suppose your friend tells you that he wants to go out and drink tonight but he should stay in and study for an exam. According to Freudian theory, what personality structure is represented by the compromise to study for 2 hours then have one drink? Superego Id Ego

Ego

Sigmund __________ argued that much of our behavior is motivated by the unconscious.

Freud

Which approach to personality emphasizes a desire to achieve higher levels of functioning? Humanistic Behaviorist Trait Psychodynamic

Humanistic

What is the MAIN problem for questionnaires? They do not generate much usable data. Users may experience fatigue from taking them. It takes a long time to collect the data. Participants might give socially desirable or false answers.

Participants might give socially desirable or false answers.

What are the two parts of the unconscious according to Jung? Preconscious and collective Personal and preconscious Preconscious and conscious Personal and collectiv

Personal and collective

A man may desire a married woman but instead of recognizing his feelings, he transfers his desire onto the woman and believes she is seducing him. Which defense mechanism does this represent? Reaction formation Sublimation Projection Repression

Projection

_____ is a Freudian defense mechanism in which people deny and repress particular ideas, feelings, or impulses but transfer them onto others. Sublimation Reaction formation Repression Projection

Projection

_____ considers the unconscious to be the most powerful force in

Psychoanalysis

A woman may resent or even hate her mother but because these feelings are not acceptable to her or society, she turns them into showy, exaggerated love. This is an example of which defense mechanism? Sublimation Projection Reaction formation Repression

Reaction formation

_____ is a defense mechanism that turns an unpleasant idea, feeling, or impulse into its opposite. Repression Projection Reaction formation Sublimation

Reaction formation

Which of the following psychodynamic concepts would be best described in the following way: "I want what I want, when I want it?" The id The superego The unconscious The ego

The id

If you take a class in personality psychology, which of the following topics is most likely to come up?

The influence of conscientiousness on grades

Projecting human traits onto animals is considered to be engaging in: sectarianizing. generalizing. idolizing. anthropomorphizing.

anthropomorphizing

According to Freud, the healthiest person is one in whom the _____ is most developed. id superego ego unconscious

ego

According to research, a high fetal heart rate at 36 weeks' gestation foreshadowed which of the following? less predictable sleeping habits at 3 and 6 months after birth less emotionality at 3 months after birth greater emotionality at 3 and 6 months after birth less predictable eating habits 3 and 6 months after birth

less predictable sleeping habits at 3 and 6 months after birth less predictable eating habits 3 and 6 months after birth

According to research, high fetal activity at 36 weeks' gestation predicted a baby being _____ fussy or difficult at 6 months. Multiple choice question. more less

more

Adler believed that Blank______ is the major drive behind all behavior. striving for superiority competing for scarce resources sex domination

striving for superiority

You know you are about to do something your parents would not approve of. In other words, your ____ is warning you that you are about to make a mistake. unconscious ego superego id

superego

According to the personality structure proposed by Freud, the ______ determines what is right and wrong, the _____ determines what is possible, and the ____ determines what would be pleasurable. superego, ego, id id, ego, superego superego, id, ego ego, superego, id

superego, ego, id

Defense mechanisms are an example of _____ processes. deliberate reflexive conscious unconscious

unconscious

The content of the ______ cannot be observed directly by a psychologist. underconscious conscious unconscious preconscious

unconscious

The id is exclusively

unconscious