PSY 201 CH 12-14
reflective speech/client-centered therapy
"I have never been a good problem solver. I am not direct enough to be successful," the client complained. "You do not see yourself as a direct problem solver?" responded the therapist. This conversation is an example of _____ and is typical of _____.
mood
A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder
an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear/phobia
A fear becomes a phobia when _____.
a longer and healthier life
A number of studies have linked religious participation to _______
latent
According to Freudian dream interpretation, the obvious content of a person's dream hides the true meaning or content of the dream, called the _____ content
the theory of reasoned action
According to ______, effective change requires individuals to have specific intentions about their behaviors, as well as positive attitudes about a new behavior, and to perceive that their social group looks positively on the new behavior as well
major depressive disorder
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is _____.
action/willpower
According to the stages of change mode, during the ______ stage, individuals commit to making a real behavioral change and enact a plan for effective change
transcendence/maintenance
According to the stages of change model, when conscious attention is no longer required to maintain the new, healthy behaviors and such behaviors simply are part of the individual's lifestyle, _____ has been achieved. This occurs during the _____ stage of change.
They both believe that empathy and understanding are needed in therapeutic interactions
Alice is trying to decide on a type of therapy. Two that were recommended to her were Heinz Kohut's contemporary psychodynamic therapy and humanistic psychotherapy. What do these therapies have in common
behavior modification
All of the following are examples of therapy procedures derived directly from the principles of classical conditioning except _____.
generalized anxiety disorder
Although Carol has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months, she has been unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings. Carol likely suffers from _____.
behavioral and biomedical/behavioral and cognitive
Although the concerns of behavioral medicine and health psychology overlap, behavioral medicine primarily focuses on ______ factors, whereas health psychology primarily focuses on ______ factors
emotional/tangible
Andrea was just fired from a job she really loved. You are her best friend so you try to offer her all the support that she needs. Giving Andrea a hug when she is down and telling her that you will "be there for her" is an example of _____ support, whereas loaning her money and telling her that she can stay with you until she finds another job is an example of _____ support.
schizophrenia
Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat ______
aversive conditioning
As part of a smoking cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in _______
smoking, overeating, and drinking alcohol
Aversive conditioning can be an effective treatment for _______
is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on developing and integrating behavioral and biomedical knowledge to promote health and reduce illness
Behavioral medicine _____
preparation/determination
Belief in one's ability to successfully change and "see it through" is characteristic of which of the following stages of change
maintenance stage
Bob decided that he was a bit overweight and in order to do something about it, he created a new exercise program, something he'd never tried before. Though he initially had some difficulty setting it up and sticking with it, he has consistently done his exercise workout for the last eight months. Though it is becoming more habitual, the program is still not yet automatic for him and he reinforces himself with new CDs each month if he has successfully completed his workouts. According to the stages of change model, Bob would most likely be in the _____.
resistance
Bruce is seeing a therapist for his depression but he is always late and has missed several appointments. He talks about sports and the weather to try and avoid facing his problems and he often becomes argumentative with his therapist. According to psychoanalytic theory, Bruce's behavior is a classic example of _____.
is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time
Catatonia _______.
anxiety disorder
Chad regularly experiences motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts. It is likely that Chad suffers from a(n) _____.
precontemplation/preparation
Dan has a problem with smoking. If Dan were in the _____ stage of change, the best stage-matched intervention would be to inform him about the dangers of continuing this unhealthy behavior. However, if he were in the ______ stage, you would do well to provide him with training in specific skills that can help him to actually stop smoking.
more common among women/equally common in men and women
Depressive disorders are _____, whereas bipolar disorder is _____.
post-traumatic stress disorder
Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of _____.
free association, dream interpretation, transference, and interpreting the client's resistance to discussing painful memories
Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. The types of techniques that she is likely to use would include _______
client-centered therapy
Dr. Patterson tries to create a warm supportive atmosphere to help her clients improve their self-concepts and to encourage insight into problems. Dr. Patterson says little to her depressed client. Instead, she waits for him to express his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems. This emphasis on encouraging self-reflection indicates that Dr. Patterson is practicing _____.
disease
Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.
precontemplation
During the ____ stage, individuals are not yet genuinely thinking about changing
contemplation
During the ______ stage individuals acknowledge the problem but may not be ready to commit to change
depression
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment sometimes used for ______
depression and anxiety
Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who, after interviewing her, recommended either Paxil or Prozac. These drugs are generally used to treat ______
showed a greater number of spontaneous statements about suicidal thoughts
Experimental studies on whether antidepressants increase risk of suicide in children and adolescents show that, compared to the control group, children who use antidepressants _______
specific phobia
Former NFL coach John Madden had a famous fear of flying that led him to take a bus to all of the games he broadcasted. The fact that he would go to any length to avoid flying suggests that he suffered from _____.
bulimia nervosa
Francine has been suffering from a chronic sore throat, kidney problems, dehydration, gastrointestinal problems, and dental problems. These complications are commonly experienced by individuals who suffer from _____.
a delusion
Frank believes that he is the finest fisherman ever and that, when he is out on the lake, thousands of people are in the surrounding area with binoculars watching his every move in the hopes of discovering his technique. This is an example of _____.
systematic desensitization
Frank is seeing a therapist for his spider phobia. The therapist first teaches him muscle relaxation and then they develop a stimulus hierarchy. Frank is seeing a therapist who uses ______
bipolar disorder/depressive disorders
Genetic factors are stronger predictors of _____ than _____.
lifestyle choices, behaviors, and psychological characteristics can play important roles in health
Health psychology reflects the belief that _____
aversive conditioning
If a therapist gives an alcoholic a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that she or he will become ill after drinking alcohol, the therapist is using _____
panic disorder
In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.
anxiety disorders and eating disorders
In addition to providing treatment for depression, antidepressant drugs may also be an effective treatment for ______
post-traumatic stress disorder
In movies that focus on war, soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness. These characters are indicative of _____.
is associated with physical and psychological health benefits
In the long run, writing about traumatic life events ______
social anxiety disorder
Individuals who suffer from _____ have an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public/collective situations.
high levels/low levels
Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy.
electroconvulsive therapy
Ivan is very depressed, and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior?
manifest content of the dream
James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich. His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to have sex with his neighbor's wife. Making the sandwich was the _____.
personally distressful
Jason is very depressed and can't help but think that life holds few rewards. He feels upset and frustrated by the fact that he just can't "shake the blues." The _____ aspect of abnormal behavior applies to Jason.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she is overcome with such overwhelming dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has _____.
panic disorder
John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which he experiences palpitations, he feels dizzy, and he has trouble catching his breath. During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die. From this description, it sounds like John has _____.
mood-stabilizing
Lithium is an effective _____ drug
bipolar disorder
Lithium is commonly used to treat ________
Abby (who voluntarily enrolled because she made a personal commitment to herself)
Maria, Nicole, Abby, and Jessica are adolescents currently enrolled in an obesity treatment program. According to self-determination theory, which teen will be most likely to achieve her weight loss goals?
medical
Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by someone who adheres to the _____ model of psychological disorders.
humanistic
Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very non-directive and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings. Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the _____ perspective of psychotherapy.
reduce schizophrenia
Neuroleptic drugs _______
sometimes occurs during a period of life stress
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) _____.
conscientiousness
Pauline is responsible and reliable. She likes structure and always sees a task through until it is completed. She exercises, eats healthy foods, and always wears her seatbelt. Pauline would score high on which of the following personality traits?
serotonin
Problems in regulating _____ are related to both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs
precontemplation
Raising one's consciousness is the key component of which of the following stages of change?
post-traumatic stress disorder
Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by her stepfather. Years later, she began experiencing anxiety symptoms. Which of the following anxiety related disorders would best apply to this situation?
precontemplation
Sam has a problem with alcohol. He gets substantially drunk at parties four to five nights a week and it is not uncommon for him to experience blackouts. Despite his friends' concerns, Sam doesn't think he has a problem and believes that he is just being a typical college student. Sam would most likely be classified as being in the _____ stage of change
master a situation and produce positive outcomes
Self-efficacy is the belief that you can _____
depression
Sharon is seeing a new doctor after many different medications have failed to help with her condition. This doctor tells her that many well-designed studies suggest that electroconvulsive therapy is effective in the treatment of _____.
transference
Sherice started seeing a psychotherapist because of marital problems. She is unhappy because she feels her husband does not give her enough attention. After several sessions, she is quite taken with her male therapist because he gives her undivided attention. This growing affection for the therapist is called _____.
serotonin
Suicide is linked with low levels of the neurotransmitter _____.
Contemplation
Suzanne wants to lose 20 pounds before her honeymoon to Hawaii. Although she realizes that being thinner will make her feel stronger and healthier, she has a weakness for ice cream. She's not sure that she will be able to give up the short-term pleasure of indulging in an ice cream cone for dessert today in exchange for the long-term benefits of weight loss. Suzanne appears to be in which of the following stages of change?
pairing a feared stimulus with a state of deep relaxation by being exposed to feared situations in a gradual hierarchical fashion
Systematic desensitization involves
Antisocial
Ted is a superficially charming person but is indifferent to the pain of others. He has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes. Ted would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder?
made it illegal to discriminate against a person with a psychological disorder in the workplace when the person's condition does not prevent performance of the job's essential functions
The Americans with Disabilities Act ______.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
The Anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called _______.
biological
The _____ approach is evident in the medical model.
biological
The _____ approach to disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.
cleansing
The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive _____.
reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior
The primary goal of behavior therapy is to _____.
describes the process by which individuals give up bad habits and adopt healthier life-styles
The stages of change model ______
a person's perception of control over the outcome of the situation
The theory of planned behavior includes the basic ideas of the theory of reasoned action by adds another important variable to the model. This variable is _____.
Borderline personality disorder
The thinking style called splitting is associated with which of the following disorders?
behavioral
Two key assumptions of the _____ approach to therapy are that psychological disorders are learned in exactly the same way as normal behaviors are and that they can be treated by applying the basic principles of learning.
action/willpower
Uncle Leo quit smoking two months ago. He is hoping that he can continue to stay tobacco-free so he has been trying to find ways to support his new, healthy behavior pattern. He eats mint whenever he gets a craving to smoke. Uncle Leo seems to be in the _____ stage of the stages of change model.
The theory of planned behavior includes the idea that perceptions of control over the outcome are important
What is the main difference between the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior
tangible assistance
When Samantha's father passed away, Ronnie got food for Samantha's family. The giving of food after the death of a loved one is an example of ______
post-traumatic stress disorder
When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident. Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward. Sandra is now very anxious when driving, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections. Sandra has symptoms suggestive of _____.
Maintenance
When Wendy first started trying to eat healthier it felt like she was a "dieter." She was constantly thinking about how to eat healthy. After several months of successfully opting to eat nutritious food as opposed to her old fast food favorites, Wendy does not feel like a dieter anymore. She no longer has to consciously think about trying to eat healthy foods; rather, her new lifestyle has become a part of who she is. Wendy is in which of the following stages of change?
a typical in that it deviates from what is acceptable in a culture
When a behavior is _____ it is often considered abnormal.
psychosurgery
Which of the following biomedical interventions for changing behavior is used least often
Benzodiazepines
Which of the following classes of drugs are not considered antidepressants?
Feeling emotionally charged
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder?
Depression
Which of the following is NOT classified as an anxiety disorder
Unique
Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria that psychologists use to define abnormality?
Client-centered therapy
Which of the following is not considered a form of behavior therapy
reading
Which of the following is not considered a health behavior
maintenance
Which of the following is the last stage in the stages of change model?
social isolation
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of mortality rates
Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences
Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques?
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Which of the following list the stages of the stages of change model in the correct order?
Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states
Which of the following statements about biological therapies is false
the effects of psychosurgery can be reversed with intensive therapy
Which of the following statements about psychosurgery is false?
"I'm going to do something about this problem, starting first thing next week."
Which of the following statements would be most typical of someone in the preparation/determination stage
Applied behavior analysis
Which of the following therapies represents the application of operant principles to psychological disorders?
biological therapies
Which of the following treatments reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning?
Dissociative identity disorder
Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?
The psychological approach
Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?
maladaptive
With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered _____.
anxiety disorders
Xanax, Valium, and Librium and benzodiazepines that are commonly used drug therapies for treating _______
individuals possess the capacity to heal themselves
You are a humanistic therapist. A potential client is unfamiliar with your school of therapy and asks you to sum it up. You tell him the primary premise of humanistic therapy is that _____.
panic disorder
You are having dinner with your friend Sophia when she experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Sophia would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from _____.
"Dominic, you should make an explicit commitment. If you are really serious about quitting, you should make a New Year's resolution to stop smoking."
You are having fun at a New Year's Eve party when your friend Dominic tells you that he really wants to quit smoking. He asks you to share what you know about health psychology so that he can use your advice to help him to successfully quit. If you apply the theory of reasoned action to Dominic's situation, which of the following statements best represents the advice you should offer?
preparation/determination
You are trying to change your exercise routine in order to have a healthier lifestyle. You develop a new exercise schedule and plan to implement it starting new month. You are in the _____ stage of the stages of change model
an important source of information
Your co-worker Christina was just laid off. You immediately inform her about a relevant job opening that you recently heard about. You have tried to help Christina by offering _____
You are being asked to just "talk" in an undirected manner without reflecting on what you are about to say
Your psychotherapist asks you to "free associate." What are you being asked to do?
precontemplation
Your roommate has been engaging in risky sexual behavior all semester, yet she denies that anything is wrong. She is likely in the _____ stage of the stages of change model
bipolar disorder
Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She has cleaned and re-cleaned her closets several times. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of _____.
less likely to get a cold
Your textbook describes a study that investigated the effects of diverse social ties on the susceptibility to getting common cold. Results of this study showed that those with diverse social networks were ______ than their counterparts with less diverse social networks
Obsessions/compulsions
_____ are recurrent thoughts, whereas _____ are recurrent behaviors.
Hallucinations/ Delusions
_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. ______ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture
Anorexia nervosa
_____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.
Dissociative disorders
_____ involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity.
Major depressive disorder
_____ involves a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least 2 weeks.
flat affect
_____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion.
Bipolar disorder
_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.
Schizophrenia
_____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered thought processes.
Bulimia nervosa
_____ is an eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
Depression
_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.
Borderline personality disorder
_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.
Dissociative identity disorder
_____ is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder.
acknowledging, enjoying, and celebrating
_____ our accomplishments can motivate consistent behavior
antisocial
_____ personality disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitations of others, irresponsibility, and deceit
Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies
______ are called insight therapies because they encourage self-awareness as the key to psychological health
Health psychology
______ emphasizes psychology's role in establishing and maintaining physical well-being and preventing and treating illness
Anorexia nervosa
______ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
cognitive
______ therapy is based on the assumption that abnormal behavior is due to faulty ways of thinking and believing
tricyclics
______ treat depression by increasing the level of norepinephrine and serotonin
effexor
_______ inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and is also known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
a sense of personal control
_______ is associated with high levels of emotional well-being, successful coping, and good health.
self-efficacy
_______ is the power of the belief in yourself and how long you persist in the face of obstables
implementation intentions
_______ refer(s) to specific strategies for dealing with the challenges of making a life change
interpret the disguised revelations of the unconscious mind to the patient
according to the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy, which of the following is an essential part of the job of a psychotherapist
the phenomenon is which the patient comes to relate to the therapist in ways that resemble her or his other relationships
in psychoanalytic theory, the term transference is used to describe ______
perceive that they have no control over the situation
individuals who have high self-efficacy are least likely to do which of the following?
relapse
one challenge during the maintenance stage is to avoid ______
whether an individual tries to develop healthy habits
self-efficacy influences ______
contemplation
some of the characteristics that distinguish people who are in the ______ stage of change are that they possess a beginning awareness of their problem behavior but they are not yet ready to change it
provide clients with insight into their unconscious conflicts
the main goal of psychoanalysis is to ______
catharsis
the release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting experience is known as _____
antianxiety
tranquilizers are ______ drugs
psychosurgery
which of the following forms of treatment would be used only as a last resort to help patients with severely debilitating conditions?
psychosurgery
which of the following is a biological intervention that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue
precontemplation
which of the following is the first stage in the stages of change model?
if an individual with schizophrenia stops taking neuroleptic drugs, the symptoms return
which of the following is true of neuroleptic drugs
psychodynamic therapy
which of the following perspectives views abnormal behavior as a result of unconscious conflicts?
