psy 205

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer.

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?

Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective.

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive."

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.

attrition

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

case studies

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

case study

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.

circular

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

conscientiousness

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

double-blind

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

experimental

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent?

explaining the hypothesis to the participants

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

favoring women over men

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

independent; dependent

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

the empirical method of study is based on ____.

observation of phenomena.

A negative correlation means ________.

one variable decreases as the other increases

A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

operational definition

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

The ability of a research study or psychological instrument to consistently produce a given result is called ________.

reliability

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

replication

________ are the most commonly used species for animal research.

rodents

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

Which psychological perspective emphasizes that all humans have an innate potential for good?

Humanism

In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?

It can describe what happens between cultures, but does not explain why those differences occur.

________ is an anthropologist who contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.

Jane Goodall

The first woman to earn the PhD degree in psychology was ________.

Margaret Floy Washburn

Which famous female psychologist completed all of the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied that degree because of her sex?

Mary Whiton Calkins