PSY 205 - exam 1 - chap 1-5

As part of his research into aging and cognitive function, Dr. Farzad often utilizes positron emission tomography. Which neuroscience perspective likely guides Dr. Farzad's work? a. dopaminergic approach b. neuropsychological approach c. neurocorrelational approach d. activation imaging approach

d. activation imaging approach

Koji was able to tolerate the pain of his arthritis for some time. But recently it has been bothering him more and limiting his ability to work in the yard. What would be the safest strategy for Koji to manage his arthritis pain? a. NSAIDs b. ibuprofen c. meperidine d. biofeedback

d. biofeedback

Which of the following physiological changes presents the greatest potential for physical harm to older people? a. decreased muscle mass b. decreased vocal volume c. increased body weight d. decreased bone density

d. decreased bone density

If a power failure occurs during the winter months, older people are at high risk for which of the following? a. hyperthermia b. climacteric c. hemiplegia d. hypothermia

d. hypothermia

Which of the following phrases accurately describes the role of genetics and environment on human development? a. nature over nurture b. nurture over nature c. nurture or nature d. nature with nurture

d. nature with nurture

Over the past six months, Walter has been getting sick more frequently. He attributes this to a high amount of stress in his life. Under the stress and coping paradigm, which of the following has determined Walter's stress level? a. environment b. physiology c. genetics d. perceptions

d. perceptions

The HAROLD, CRUNCH, and STAC models of brain-behavior changes all focus on which of the following concepts? a. limiting deterioration in the brain b. limiting plasticity in the brain c. distributing work in the brain d. using more neurons in the brain

d. using more neurons in the brain

At age 75, Albert still has a sharp memory. He claims it's because he lives on the ocean and has eaten fish every day of his life. Which of the following is likely supporting Albert's cognitive capacity? a. EPA b. folate c. vitamin B12 d. calcium

a. EPA

A wheelchair ramp leading to the doorway of a building is considered an environmental modification. a. True b. False

a. True

Baby Boomers are on average the healthiest generation to begin reaching old age in history. a. True b. False

a. True

By staying in shape physically, people can slow down the normal aging process. a. True b. False

a. True

Free radicals are harmful to brain cells and can potentially lead to neurological impacts later in life. a. True b. False

a. True

The environment influences how we behave. a. True b. False

a. True

The scientific community believes that people are able to live for about 120 years. a. True b. False

a. True

Like most people, LaVonda wants to live a long life and avoid the burden of dealing with any chronic health conditions. As part of her strategy, she follows the government's guidelines for healthy eating and tries to get some exercise every day. LaVonda's actions will most likely lower her risk for which of the following conditions? a. Type II diabetes b. incontinence c. Type I diabetes d. cancer

a. Type II diabetes

Madeleine is 78 years old. Which of the following is she most likely to remember? a. a son's wedding b. a cookie recipe c. a phone number d. a friend's funeral

a. a son's wedding

Which of the following activities would be executed by the default network of the brain? a. breathing b. running c. reading d. talking

a. breathing

Dr. Leung's research in gerontology is focused on plasticity. He works with people who have experienced some decline in cognitive ability and measures how well they can learn and apply new adaptive methods. Which core issue of human development does Dr. Leung's research explore? a. continuity-discontinuity controversy b. stability-change issue c. nature-nurture issue d. universal versus context-specific controversy

a. continuity-discontinuity controversy

From a caretaker's perspective, what do adult day care services primarily offer? a. flexibility b. affordability c. socialization d. training

a. flexibility

Some ethnic groups in the United States have lower average longevity than other ethnic groups. Which of the following factors is least likely to contribute to this difference among ethnic groups? a. genetics b. socioeconomics c. health practices d. relationships

a. genetics

Which of the following terms refers to the normal, disease-free development that most people experience during adulthood? a. primary aging b. stable aging c. tertiary aging d. secondary aging

a. primary aging

A person who is studying the basic effects of aging on neurons should focus on which of the following? a. proteins and tangles b. synapses and dopamine c. dendrites and hormones d. axons and recesses

a. proteins and tangles

Ahmed used to love taking long walks around the lake near his home. Recently, the world seemed to be spinning around him on his walks—so now Ahmed sits in a chair and enjoys the scenery. Which of the following caused Ahmed to give up his lakeside walks? a. vertigo b. somasthesia c. presbycusis d. dizziness

a. vertigo

What segment of the population of older Americans is currently in a nursing home? a. 2 percent b. 5 percent c. 14 percent d. 17 percent

b. 5 percent

Which of the following situations is an example of ageism? a. John offers an elderly woman his arm outside the grocery because it is icy. b. A waitress asks Robin what her father would like to order at a restaurant. c. Darnell mows the lawn and rakes leaves for his elder neighbor across the street. d. Nancy delivers hot meals each day to several seniors who have limited mobility.

b. A waitress asks Robin what her father would like to order at a restaurant.

It is impossible for anyone over 40 to win a medal in the Olympic Games. a. True b. False

b. False

Most people reach the peak of their athletic performance capabilities in their 30s. a. True b. False

b. False

People lose their capacity to effectively process emotions as they grow older. a. True b. False

b. False

The record for longest verified human life span is 114 years. a. True b. False

b. False

Which of the following is a member of the fastest growing demographic group in the United States? a. Elena, a 16-year-old girl b. Harold, an 87-year-old man c. Dorothy, a 75-year-old woman d. Marcus, a 44-year-old man

b. Harold, an 87-year-old man

Now that Sandeep has to use a walker, some aspects of his kitchen may prove to be a bit challenging for him. According to the stress and coping framework for person-environment interaction, how will Sandeep respond to this new situation? a. He will exceed his maximum zone of comfort in the kitchen and make modifications. b. He will appraise the threat level of the kitchen environment and respond accordingly. c. He will recognize that he has little control over the environment and become docile. d. He will build his physical competence and learn to use the kitchen without the walker.

b. He will appraise the threat level of the kitchen environment and respond accordingly.

A gerontologist who wants to examine structural details of the brain would use which of the following techniques? a. SPECT b. MRI c. fMRI d. PET

b. MRI

Even though there are a few more weeks of warm summer weather, Cecile's doctor at the Senior Community Center has recommended that she get a vaccine to protect her health during the upcoming flu season. What cell-mediated component of Cecile's immune system relates to the doctor's recommendation? a. NK cells b. T-lymphocytes c. immuno-globulins d. B-lymphocytes

b. T-lymphocytes

A researcher asked a variety of people to complete tests that required the use of working memory while undergoing an fMRI scan. Which of the following subjects likely showed bilateral activation in their fMRI scan? a. Jenna, a 24-year-old female b. Tuan, a 69-year-old male c. Luisa, a 43-year-old female d. Ahmad, a 52-year-old male

b. Tuan, a 69-year-old male

When he turned 65, Montell met with a lawyer to document and certify his preferred approach to medical care if he ever loses cognitive competence. What did Montell's lawyer prepare for him? a. will b. advance directive c. legacy d. power of attorney

b. advance directive

Which of the following is considered an intraindividual intervention for a person's disability? a. building a wheelchair ramp b. attending a support group c. receiving home meal delivery d. taking nonnarcotic medication

b. attending a support group

After Debbie's father Ron left the stove on several times, she felt that it was unsafe for him to live alone in his house. But she didn't want her family's lives to be upended by having him move into their small house. So they decided to set up a stand-alone cottage in the backyard, which would maintain Ron's independence but also provide modifications to enhance his safety. Which of the following terms describes this arrangement? a. congregate housing b. auxiliary dwelling unit (ADU) c. nursing home d. cluster housing

b. auxiliary dwelling unit (ADU)

Which of the following terms best characterizes the parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT)? a. segmentation b. distribution c. compensation d. lateralization

b. distribution

Rate-of-living theories are focused on which of the following? a. genetics b. energy c. stress d. oxidation

b. energy

After her husband died, Marlena's daughter Rosa insisted that she move in to her house. Things were fine for a few weeks, but conflicts have arisen over Marlena's desire to sit in the family room much of the time and watch TV. Rosa believes her mother should get out and be active, but Marlena often feels tired and prefers to just be quiet and comfortable. Which of the following is causing problems in this situation? a. docility b. environmental press c. adaptation level d. performance potential

b. environmental press

Which of the following is the best option for a person who is experiencing environmental press but wants to maintain their autonomy? a. congregate housing b. existing home c. assisted living d. cluster housing

b. existing home

Which of the following would a researcher use to determine whether doing crossword puzzles and word games can improve memory in older adults? a. meta-analysis b. experiment c. correlational study d. case study

b. experiment

Which of the following is the best example of a nonnormative developmental influence? a. having a baby b. getting carjacked c. being in a recession d. going bald

b. getting carjacked

Each July, researchers visit the Briarwood Retirement Community. They conduct tests of physical and cognitive functioning with residents, who have been participating in the research for the past 15 years. Which of the following are the researchers using? a. sequential design b. longitudinal study c. cross-sectional study d. meta-analysis

b. longitudinal study

A problem related to which of the following would cause a doctor to warn a patient about increased risk for angina pectoris? a. clots b. oxygen c. fat d. pressure

b. oxygen

Rodrigo recently had to take a disability retirement from his job as an ironworker. On the retirement form required by his company, the doctor listed the reason as osteoarthritis. Which of the following symptoms is Rodrigo most likely experiencing? a. swelling of the fingers b. pain in the hands c. pain in the shoulders d. swelling of the ankles

b. pain in the hands

What is the most important concept in making a long-term care facility a home for older adults? a. food b. perception c. furnishings d. relationships

b. perception

Which of the following serves to define a person's quality of life? a. statistics b. perceptions c. genetics d. functionality

b. perceptions

Which of the following concepts best reflects new philosophical trends in nursing home care? a. advanced directives b. personal dignity c. cost containment d. compensatory training

b. personal dignity

Oliver was a runner when he was younger, winning many race awards on the amateur circuit. Arthritis in his knees forced him to give up running, so he learned to use a recumbent bike that he could propel by pedaling with his arms. This enables him to keep participating in the amateur athletic community. Which of the following features of the life-span perspective describes Oliver's experience? a. multiple causation b. plasticity c. historical context d. multidirectionality

b. plasticity

Age-related changes can have a broad variety of impacts on an older person's life. Which of the following is most likely to be affected by age-related hearing loss? a. self-esteem b. relationships c. mobility d. independence

b. relationships

Gabe has noticed lately that his grandmother isn't as cheerful as she used to be. Even among family and friends, she tends to look sad. Her once epic appetite is gone too; she just tends to pick at her plate. Which of the following neurotransmitters may be causing these changes in Gabe's grandmother? a. acetylcholine b. serotonin c. cortisol d. dopamine

b. serotonin

Which of the following concepts best reflects the later phase of the life-span perspective of human development? a. physical decline b. situational adaptation c. social separation d. rapid change

b. situational adaptation

For young adults who have serious bacterial infections, doctors commonly prescribe 500 mg tablets of a particularly strong antibiotic. How much of this antibiotic should a doctor prescribe to an older adult with a similar infection? a. 50 mg b. 100 mg c. 250 mg d. 750 mg

c. 250 mg

On average, a girl born today will live 79 years. If the girl lived to the point of maximum longevity, how much longer would she live beyond the average age of longevity? a. 25 years b. 30 years c. 40 years d. 55 years

c. 40 years

Yuri, a wealthy and virile tycoon at age 80, recently married Stella, a much younger woman who would like to start a family. Compared to his first marriage shortly after college, what are the chances that Yuri will now father a child with Stella? a. 20 percent b. 35 percent c. 50 percent d. 70 percent

c. 50 percent

Peachtree Senior Life is a day care facility that serves a total of 100 older adults. About how many of Peachtree's clients are women? a. 35 b. 50 c. 65 d. 80

c. 65

When the average adult retires in their 60s, how much has their aerobic capacity declined since they first began working in their 20s? a. 35 percent b. 50 percent c. 65 percent d. 80 percent

c. 65 percent

A relatively small percentage of older adults living in the community experience urinary incontinence. But among older people living in nursing homes, how many have urinary incontinence? a. 45 percent b. 60 percent c. 70 percent d. 85 percent

c. 70 percent

Who is more likely to die from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? a. Miyako, a 70-year-old female nonsmoker b. Barnard, a 72-year-old male smoker c. Colleen, a 75-year-old female smoker d. Esteban, a 71-year-old male nonsmoker

c. Colleen, a 75-year-old female smoker

According to theories of person-environment interactions, this dynamic is directly related to which of the following? a. efficacy b. health c. behavior d. adaption

c. behavior

Which of the following people is most likely to have completed the climacteric process? a. Leila, a 42-year-old woman b. Jorge, a 66-year-old man c. Laura, a 53-year-old woman d. Davio, a 49-year-old man

c. Laura, a 53-year-old woman

When taking a drug by mouth, the medication cannot start working until it has entered the bloodstream. Which of the following must occur for a medication to begin working? a. dissolution b. excretion c. absorption d. metabolism

c. absorption

Even in her early 60s, Theresa has a full head of dark hair with not a hint of gray. When people ask why, she explains that her mother didn't start turning gray until her mid-70s. Which of the following is the likely cause of Theresa's still-colorful hair? a. life-cycle forces b. sociocultural forces c. biological forces d. psychological forces

c. biological forces

Gloria and her brother Caleb both enjoyed an active life well into their 80s and died in their early 90s. Which of the following likely had the greatest influence on their longevity? a. income b. relationships c. genetics d. diet

c. genetics

If a person aged strictly in accordance with a cellular theory based on cross-linking, which of the following would they likely experience? a. slowing of metabolism b. shortening of telomeres c. hardening of arteries d. oxidation of tissues

c. hardening of arteries

For a particular activity to be impacted by the formal definition of disability due to chronic conditions, it must be considered a. strenuous. b. social. c. important. d. risky.

c. important.

Someone researching nursing homes for an aging parent should focus on facilities that emphasize what type of care? a. standardized b. patronizing c. individualized d. cost-effective

c. individualized

At the Center for Aging and Wellness, a researcher gave Dolores a sheet of paper. It explained the research study in detail, why it was being conducted, and any possible impacts on subjects. If Dolores understood the study process and found it acceptable, she would need to sign the paper in order to participate in the research. Which of the following terms does this scenario describe? a. review panel b. meta-analysis c. informed consent d. confounding

c. informed consent

A senior health aide regularly visits Dolores at home to help her with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Which of the following activities does the aide likely work on with Dolores? a. taking a shower b. putting on clothes c. making a budget d. eating meals

c. making a budget

At what stage of life would a person begin to be studied by a gerontologist? a. retirement b. childhood c. maturity d. adolescence

c. maturity

When Henry came out to the sun porch, his granddaughter asked him how he slept. "Like a baby," Henry replied. If this is true, which of the following did Henry experience? a. an unbroken sleep cycle b. periods of sleep apnea c. multiple short sleep cycles d. two-phase circadian rhythm

c. multiple short sleep cycles

What is the most basic structure of the human brain? a. cerebellum b. cerebral cortex c. neuron d. synapse

c. neuron

Hector has early stage Alzheimer's disease. Recently he participated in a research study, completing a variety of verbal and memory tests. Hector's results were compared to the results of several men his age who had no brain pathology. Hector participated in research that follows what type of neuroscience perspective? a. activation imaging approach b. compensatory behavior approach c. neuropsychological approach d. neurocorrelational approach

c. neuropsychological approach

In an fMRI, one region of a man's brain appeared activated during a particular test of verbal skills. Ten years later, the man had experienced some minor brain pathology but participated in training exercises to promote his cognitive function. In a recent fMRI, a different region of the brain appeared to be activated while he performed the original verbal skills test. The recent fMRI demonstrates which of the following concepts? a. lateralization b. positivity c. plasticity d. executive function

c. plasticity

In accordance with a cellular theory of aging, the process of cross-linking may lead to which of the following vision-related changes? a. glaucoma b. cataracts c. presbyopia d. retinopathy

c. presbyopia

Actions that avoid environmental stressors are called a. corrective adaptations. b. mediated adaptations. c. preventive adaptations. d. congruence adaptations.

c. preventive adaptations.

When Luisa's new boss Greg started working at her company, she found his arrogant behavior to be very upsetting. To lower her anger and frustration, she started going to the gym at lunchtime. Luisa found this helpful for a time. But then Greg started making rude, demeaning comments to her and other associates. Luisa realized that she needed to talk to the human resources (HR) manager about Greg. Which of the following lists Luisa's stress-related actions in the correct order? a. primary appraisal, problem-focused coping, secondary appraisal, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal b. primary appraisal, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal, secondary appraisal, problem-focused coping c. primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal, problem-focused coping d. primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal

c. primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, emotion-focused coping, reappraisal, problem-focused coping

Glenn has remarkable stamina for a man in his 70s. He will do a 10-mile bike ride in the morning and then mow the lawn in the afternoon. He claims that his good health is from taking vitamin E every day. What benefit is offered by Glenn's vitamin intake that seems to limit his aging process? a. reduction of cross-linking proteins b. stabilization of testosterone levels c. protection from free radical damage d. stimulation of telomerase production

c. protection from free radical damage

Wanda has developed memory loss due shrinkage in the hippocampus. Which of the following would stimulate neural stem cells to help her retain and possibly enhance her memory? a. taking vitamin A b. doing yoga c. riding a bicycle d. meditating

c. riding a bicycle

Which of the following approaches is considered to be convenient for a researcher but not very accurate? a. sampling behavior with tasks b. structured observation c. self-reports d. representative sampling

c. self-reports

Before their spring vacation, Jennifer takes her college-age daughter Cleo shopping at a new, hip boutique downtown. Cleo holds up a short skirt and colorful top and says, "Mom, you'd look great in this!" Jennifer laughs and says, "Oh no! I couldn't be seen wearing anything from this store. But it would be cute on you!" Which of the following is the cause of Jennifer's response to the outfit? a. perceived age b. biological age c. sociocultural age d. chronological age

c. sociocultural age

Which of the following tasks would be most significantly impacted by damage to the frontal cortex? a. washing the car b. mowing the lawn c. taking a road trip d. preparing a meal

c. taking a road trip

Which of the following statements regarding person-environment interactions is accurate? a. As competence increases, environmental press must increase. b. As environmental press decreases, competence must increase. c. As competence decreases, environmental press must increase. d. As environmental press increases, competence must increase.

d. As environmental press increases, competence must increase.

In the context of the ecology of aging, why is it important for older people to maintain a sense of "home" where they live? a. It expands their socialization. b. It protects financial resources. c. It controls environmental press. d. It maintains their self-esteem.

d. It maintains their self-esteem.