psy 220 exam three (ch 6)

If parents listen receptively to opinions from their children, their parenting style is considered to be _____________________________.

authoritative

Which of the following best describes the physical changes that take place during early childhood?

both boys and girls gain more weight than in height, but most add more muscle than fat

Which of the following would you most likely to see five-year-olds doing on a playground in a Western culture?

boys playing a game to see who could throw a ball the farthest

If you were a researcher observing play among 5-year-old children in the United States, what would you be most likely to observe?

boys playing with children from other kindergarten classes, rather than older boys

Walter is a 5-year-old boy who lives in the United States. Based on the research, if he has a nutritional problem it is most likely to be ____________.

calcium deficiency

Which of the following is TRUE regarding media use in early childhood?

children are able to connect musical sounds with specific emotions

According to your text, what is one of the factors that make cultural learning in developed countries different from cultural learning in traditional cultures?

children in developed countries are often apart from their families for a substantial part of the day, so they dont have as much guided participation in daily activities within the family as children in traditional cultures do

In Piagetian terms, which of the following is the principle that the amount of a physical substance remains the same even if its physical appearance changes?

conversation

Cultural learning skills, such as learning to set the table in a developed country or to help prepare food in a traditional culture, _____________________________.

develop as a part of a social and cultural process, according to vygotsky

Learning to be able to set the table in a developed country, such as the United States, or to help prepare food in a nontraditional culture, such as Botswana, are examples of cultural learning. According to Vygotsky, these skills __________________.

develop as a part of a social process

young childrens use of grammar

develops simply by hearing and using the language in daily interactions

A consistent pattern in early intervention programs such as Head Start is that the early gains in IQ and achievement _____________________________.

fade within 2 or 3 years of entering elementary school

How does motor development change between ages 3 and 6?

fine motor skills development allows children to become more independent by doing things, such as putting on a coat and using a knife to cut soft food

In early childhood (from ages 3-6) ____________________________.

gender difference in gross motor development appear

The way we organize and process information in terms of gender-based categories is referred to as __________________________.

gender schemas

In Berko's (1958) classic experiment, she showed young children a picture of a figure called a "wug" and then showed them two of these figures. She then asked them to respond to the following question: "Now there are two _____." Berko was measuring children's understanding of what?

grammar

Based on the research, which of the following is most likely true of Sebastian, a four-year-old American male?

he engages in rough-and-tumble play at recess when he is around other boys of the same age

Limited autobiographical memory prior to age 5 is probably due to incomplete myelination of the _________________.

hippocampus

The two most common types of nutritional deficiencies in developing countries are a lack of protein and __________________.

iron

Chris realized that even though the teacher dressed up like Michael Jackson for Halloween, she is still a female. Based on this information, one would expect that Chris _________________________.

is a 7 year old boy

Watching TV during young childhood __________________________________.

is a popular leisure activity all over the world

Accidental injury among young children _____________.

is less of a danger than disease in developing countries

The use of shame as a punishment _________________.

is referred to as psychological control among american researchers

The use of shame as a form of discipline ______________________________.

is referred to as psychological control by american researchers

Which of the following is true regarding theory of mind?

it begins to develop, in rudimentary form, sometime in infancy

Which of the following is TRUE regarding theory of mind?

it is measured with false-belief tasks

Which of the following is true regarding siblings?

jealousy is a common response to the birth of a younger sibling across cultures

Lucien is still cared for mainly by his mother, who just recently stopped breast feeding. He also spends a lot of time with his older siblings and the older children who live nearby. When he is distressed, the older children comfort him if the mother is not in the vicinity. Using Mead's classification, Lucien would be considered a ___________.

knee child

A key reason why emotional outbursts decline in early childhood is that children ___________________________.

learn strategies for regulating their emotions, in a practice known as effortful control

In early childhood ________________________________.

moral judgements tend to be based more on fear of punishment than in the case for older children

During early childhood _____

most children become more like adults in terms of their body proportions

Imagine that you have just walked into a kindergarten classroom during art time and all the children in this particular class are 5 years old. What would you most likely see?

most of the children drawing something that is recognizable, such as a person or animal

As a parent of a 3-year-old, you have visited several preschool programs to determine the one that will provide the highest-quality experience. Which of the following should be important in your decision about which preschool to pick, according to research?

no more than 10 students per . teacher

While learning language, children who learn English and other Western languages have been shown to fast-map ____________ first.

nouns

Which of the following statements accurately describes moral development in early childhood?

perspective taking and being able to understand how others think and feel make children more empathetic at this age

Four-year-old Nicco uses infant-directed speech when talking to his neighbor's new baby; this demonstrates ____________________.

pragmatics

When a 4-year-old uses infant-directed speech when talking to her neighbor's new baby, this demonstrates ____________________________.

pragmatics

in japan, ______

preschool is mainly a time for learning social skills

For the Japanese_________.

preschool is mainly a time for learning social skills and gaining experience being a member of a group

gender identity ________

refers to the ability of children to identify themselves as male or female

Five-year-old Marco draws a picture of a train with a smiley face and sunglasses. This is an example of ______________________________.

animism

Which of the following is TRUE regarding handedness?

a premature birth is more common among left handed infants

Your cousin has a five-year-old son and a three-year-old daughter. He has been taking them to story time at the library, but his daughter is having a very difficult time sitting still, even for 10 minutes. His son is able to sit through the entire story time because his _______________ is more fully developed than his sister's.

reticular formation

The process by which people seek to maintain consistency between their gender schemes and their behavior is referred to as _____________________________.

self-socialization

Hyejin is an only child from China. Which of the following is most likely true?

she has higher cognitive development than her counterparts

Which of the following is TRUE regarding emotional regulation?

temper tantrums and crying decrease from age 2 to 6

One can see a preference for the use of a particular hand, handedness, over another as early as _________________________.

the parental period

Research on parenting has found that ______________________.

there are bidirectional effects between parents and their children

research on parenting has found that _____

there are bidirectional effects between parents and their children

There is a broad consensus among early childhood scholars that preschool teaching should be based on________________.

unstructured, hands-on experiences

The dimension of parenting known as responsiveness is also known as _______________.

warmth

Compared to a comparison group of children with low socioeconomic status who did not attend Head Start, those children who did ____________________.

were less likely to be placed in special education classes

Compared to low-income children who did not participate in High Scope Preschool Project, children who did _______________________.

were more likely to be married and own their own home by age 27

Which of the following is the most accurate statement based on existing research?

western parents tend to use a lot of praise for compliant behavior

As a parent of a three-year-old, you have visited several preschool programs to determine the one that will provide the highest quality experience. Which of the following should NOT be heavily weighted in your decision about which preschool to pick?

whether they make good use of time by providing worksheets and flashcards to practice numbers and letters

A child who is left-handed _________________________.

will be more likely to learn to be right handed in an asian or African culture than in the US