PSY 2306 Test #4 (Chapters 8, 14, 15, 16)

Schizophrenia affects approximately _____% of the population and accounts for approximately _____% of admissions to state and country mental hospitals.

1%;40%

Non-suicidal self-injury occurs amount _____% of adolescents.

15%-20%

Major depression is characterized by a severely depressed mood that lasts at least:

2 Weeks

Atypical antipsychotic drugs:

Act on both the dopamine and serotonin systems.

Irrational worries and fears that undermine one's ability to function normally are an indication of:

An Anxiety Disorder

According tot e early psychologists, an unlearned tendency to seek a particular goal is called:

An Instinct

Which of the following is NOT a trait associated with hardiness?

An aversion to criticism.

Which of the following statements is NOT accurate regarding antidepressants?

Antidepressants have had significantly positive results in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Which of the following is NOT a dimension on which psychological motivations vary?

Appraisal-Reappraisal

Emotions can be described by their location on the two dimensions of:

Arousal and Valence

Which therapy assumes that disordered behavior is learned and that relief of symptoms is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behaviors?

Behavior Therapy

Which type of therapy would likely work best for someone with an irrational fear of heights?

Behavioral

According to Maslow, our most basic needs are:

Biological

Engaging in aerobic exercise is a way of managing stress by managing the:

Body

Which theorists claimed that a stimulus simultaneously causes both an emotional experience and a psychological reaction?

Cannon & Bard

What kinds of stressors are you likely to be exposed to if you live in a dense urban area with considerable traffic, noise, and pollution?

Chronic Stressors

The DSM-5 is best described as a:

Classification System

Mindfulness meditation is part of which kind of therapy?

Cognitive

Which type of therapy emphasizes action on the part of the client, as well as complete transparency as to the specifics of the treatment?

Cognitive Behavioral

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by which of the following?

Communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behavior

Extreme mood swings between _____ characterized bipolar disorder.

Depression and Mania

The different psychodynamic therapies all share an emphasis on:

Developing insight into the unconscious sources of psychological disorders.

Which of the following describes a successful health care provider?

Displays Empathy, Pays Attention to Both the Physical and Psychological State of the Patient, & Uses Psychology to Promote Patient Compliance

Stress _____ the self-regulation of behaviors such as eating and smoking.

Disrupts

Eclectic psychotherapy:

Draws on techniques from different forms of therapy.

Allison has been diagnosed with an eating disorder. Her eating disorder seems to he related to her over-controlling parents, perhaps being her way of having some control. What kind of therapy would be MOST helpful to Allison and her parents?

Family Therapy

Which psychoanalytic technique involves the client reporting every thought that enters his or her mind, without censorship or filtering?

Free Association

Scott is having relationship problems with his wife, Samantha. Scott's therapist directs Scott to pretend that Samantha is sitting in an empty chair across from him. Scott is instructed to say whatever he wants to say to Samantha. Then Scott must switch chairs, assume the role of Samantha, and provide her reply. Scott's therapist is using a(n) _____ technique.

Gestalt

The type of therapy that has the goals of helping clients become aware of their own thoughts, behaviors, feelings, and experiences and helping clients take responsibility for them is _____ therapy.

Gestalt

In an experiment, two groups are subject to distractions while attempting to complete a task. Group A is told they can quiet the distractions by pushing a button. This information is withheld from Group B. Why will Group A's performance at the task likely be better than Group B's?

Group A has perceived control over a source of performance-impeding stress.

Self-help groups are an important offshoot of:

Group Therapy

Schizophrenia is characterized by which of the following?

Hallucinations, Disorganized Thoughts and Behavior, & Emotional and Social Withdrawal

Examining the failure to reach one's potential reflects the _____ approach, whereas examine one's failure to find meaning in life reflects the _____ approach.

Humanistic; Existential

The brain activation that occurs in response to a threat begins in the:

Hypothalamus

The positive health outcomes associated with religiosity and spirituality are believed to be the result of all of the following except:

Intercessory Prayer

Which of the following is NOT a reason why people fail to get treatment for mental illness?

Levels of impairment for people with mental illness are comparable to or higher than those of people with chronic medical illnesses.

When sick, optimists are more likely than pessimists to:

Maintain positive emotions.

Which of the following statements is true?

Men and women engage in sex for many of the same reasons.

In the United States, those at highest risk for suicide are:

Men, White People, & Those with a Mental Disorder

Mediation is an altered state of consciousness that occurs:

Naturally or through special practices.

Two friends have asked you to help them settle a disagreement. You hear each side of the story and have an emotional response to one viewpoint, but you don't express it. This is an example of which display rule?

Neutralizing

Kelly's fear of germs leads her to wash her hands repeatedly thought the day, often for a half hour or more, under extremely hot water. From which disorder does Kelly suffer?

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Dr. Flint, a health psychologist, would offer which reason that explains how optimism allows a person to maintain psychological health during physical illness?

Optimists keep up social contact and recreational activities during treatment.

Agoraphobia often develops as a result of:

Panic Disorder

The hedonic principle states that:

People are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain.

_____ are especially prone to suffer from respiratory infections because their immune systems have been compromised by stress.

People in low status jobs

A(n) _____ disorder involves anxiety tied to a specific object or situation.

Phobic

Through _____, we change an emotion experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimulus.

Reappraisal

Finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor that reduces its threat is called:

Reframing

According to the general adaptation syndrome, during the _____ phase, the body adapts to its high state of arousal as it tries to cope with a stressor.

Resistance

Which of the following does NOT provide an support for the universal city hypothesis?

Robots have been engineered to exhibit emotional expressions.

Mike lives in Alaska and experiences a period of depression each winter. Mike probably has:

SAD or Seasonal Affective Disorder

Antipsychotic drugs were developed to treat:

Schizophrenia

Antidepressant medications have the strongest effects for people with _____ depression.

Severe

According to the hedonic principle, we are likely to:

Skip an early morning class if we already have an A in it.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder:

Sometimes persists into adulthood.

Which of the following statements is inaccurate?

Studies show that human lie detection ability is extremely good.

Which of the following does OT distinguish sincere from insincere expressions?

Temporal Patterning

Which brain structure is most directly involved the rapid appraisal of whether a stimulus is good or bad?

The Amygdala

The conception of psychological disorders as diseases that have symptoms and possible cures is referred to as:

The Medical Model

Comorbidity of disorders refers to:

The co-occurence of two or more disorders in a single individual.

_____ is the idea that emotional expressions can cause emotional experiences.

The facial feedback hypothesis.

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the physiological response to stress?

The immune system is remarkably responsive to psychological influences.

Faking an illness is a violation of:

The sick role.

Which of the following statements about obesity is TRUE?

There is a strong genetic component to obesity.

What do electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and phototherapy all have in common?

They are considered biological treatments beyond medication.

Current studies indicate that the typical psychotherapy client is better off than _____ of untreated individuals.

Three Fourths

Which statement about OCD is FALSE?

Treatment involves learning to actively ignore the obsessive thought.

Which person is MOST likely to react most strongly to stressful situations?

a person who cannot escape from the situation

The diathesis-stress model explains disease as the result of:

a predisposition for a disease and a triggering event

The phase of the general adaptation syndrome in which the body uses energy to draw on its stores of fat and muscle is called:

alarm

_____ stimulates eating, while _____ suppresses it.

an orexigenic signal; an anorexigenic signal

Holly is a severely underweight seventh-grader who nonetheless believes she is fat. It is likely that Holly is suffering from:

anorexia nervosa

After Randy followed a hearty dinner with two pieces of lemon meringue pie, it's likely that his body sent a(n) _____ signal to his _____.

anorexigenic; ventromedial hypothalamus

Medications that help reduce the experience fear or nervousness are called:

anti-anxiety drugs

The mental disorder with the highest heritability rate is:

bipolar disorder

Which of these is NOT an anxiety disorder?

bipolar disorder

After working for 15 years as an emergency room technician, Ralph is physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausted. Ralph probably suffers from:

burnout

Elements of city life, such as noise, traffic, and pollution, produce:

chronic stress

Ellen was kicked by a horse as a child. She now has a severe fear of horses. Even pictures of horses can make her seat and feel anxious. Ellen's behavior demonstrates _____ conditioning.

classical

The technique, frequently used by cognitive therapists, or teaching clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace them with more realistic beliefs is called:

cognitive restructuring

All of these were early explanations of strange behavior or bizarre thoughts or emotions EXCEPT:

disease

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a panic attack?

disorganized speech

Juan has been moderately sad for over 2 years, and every few months he hits a period of major depression. He feels worthless, has trouble sleeping, and claims that nothing seems to taste good anymore. He is likely suffering from:

double depression

A therapist who uses different techniques and theories based on the need of the client and the diagnosis could be referred to as a(n) _____ therapist.

eclectic

Melanie is studying the effects of urban crowding on the prevalence of anxiety disorders. It is most likely that Melanie is a(n) _____ psychologist.

environmental

Jean-Luc has a fear of the dentist. He is taken to the dentist's office every week for a month. Each time, he stays a bit longer and realizes that it is not such a scary place. Jean-Luc's therapist is using which behavior therapy?

exposure

Parents decide to implement the following plan to reduce swearing in their two adolescent daughters. Each time a girl swears, she is fined a penny. Results from the motivation literature suggest that this strategy is likely to _____ because _____.

fail; mild threats can actually increase the desirability of taboo behavior

The _____ refers to an emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action.

fight-or-flight response

Ginger tends to exaggerate her every physical symptom no matter how slight, truly convinced that she has terminal cancer or a rare blood disease, but her doctor can find nothing physically wrong. Ginger is exhibiting the signs of a somatoform disorder known as:

hypochondriasis

Mark puts in long hours studying for his psychology tests. He already has an A in the course, but he really has a desire to know the material well. Mark's behavior is characteristic of:

intrinsic motivation

In which cognitive therapy technique are people taught to be fully present in each moment and to be aware of their thoughts, feelings, and sensations in order to detect symptoms before they become a problem?

mindfulness mediation

_____ is the style of dealing with stress characterized by avoiding situations or thoughts that are reminders of a stressor and maintaining an artificially positive viewpoint.

repressive coping

Eric is struggling to make enough money to shelter and clothe his family. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Eric is attempting to meet his:

safety and security needs

John cannot go to the bathroom in a public restroom. He fears that someone will hear him or see him going to the bathroom, which he would find embarrassing. John could be diagnosed with:

social phobia

A psychoanalyst would be interested in helping clients understand all these EXCEPT their:

tendency towards personal growth

Research has suggested that _____ may be the hormonal basis of the sex drive in women, and _____ may be the hormonal basis of the sex drive in men.

testosterone; testosterone

During therapy, Marie begins to react to her psychoanalytic therapist as she typically does to her mother. Marie is probably experiencing:

transference

Kelly has been feeling very sad for a month. Her sadness is so pronounced that she has not showered fro days on end, sometimes has forgotten to eat, and has not been interested in doing anything. Kelly probably has:

unipolar depression

Following a major cerebral vascular accident, Jonathan became very obese. In investigating the cause of the obesity, the physician may determine that the _____ was damaged in the accident.

ventromedial hypothalamus