PSY 240 Chapter 16

Women balance work and home but still feel effects of

"glass ceiling"

Stressful life events in middle adulthood

- Death of a spouse, child, parent, or sibling - Changes in health - Caring for one's parents - Financial difficulties - Concern about one's appearance, weight, or aging - Moving - Change in employment; changes in relationships; changes in responsibilities at work

About how many aging parents live near a child?

2/3

Most developementalists believe that midlife begins during the ages of what to what?

35 and 40

Women in their _____ scored higher on personality scales than women in their____

40s 20s

Only ___ of American workers are satisfied with their jobs.

45%

In a study of women aged 22-35, 36-49, or 50-62 who were seeking employment, the women aged ______were most likely to accept jobs low in pay, as long as they liked the work.

50-62

Higher for women in their _____ in the areas of identity certainty, confident power, and concern about aging

60s

All of the following are factors in the "big five" personality model except? A. openness to experience B. conscientiousness C. intelligence D. agreeableness

C

Ability to generate or produce; based on instinctual drive toward procreativity (bearing and rearing children).

Generativity

can consist of parenting one's own children, helping others with their children, being engaged in projects that will influence future generations

Generativity

Alexandra Rusconi compared Germany and Italy and found that

Germans normally set up independent homes prior to marriage

- Time of dramatic self-doubt and anxiety during which people sense the passing of their youth and become preoccupied with concern about the imminence of their own mortality - May be imposed from external factors such as downsizing

Midlife Crisis

- The years from 40 to 45 - Psychological shift into middle adulthood often accompanied by a crisis during which people fear they have more to look back upon than forward to

Midlife transition

_______ declines over time; agreeableness and _______ increase over time; _______ and openness to new experience decline slightly over time

Neuroticism conscientiousness extraversion

__________tend to mature rather than be shaped by environmental conditions

Personalities

________generation refers to middle-aged daughter taking care of her own children and/or grandchildren as well as her aging parents

Sandwich

rejection of generativity drive can result in a life stripped of meaning and purpose

Stagnation

Flip side of middle adulthood

The overwhelming responsibility of taking care of your own family, helping with your aging parents, and remaining in the workplace all at once

In the "big five" personality model, as people develop from middle age to late adulthood, they tend to show a rise in the trait of _________

agreeableness

Many middle-aged women do not experience "empty nest syndrome". Instead, they take advantage of their new time by?

being in the workplace and finding life satisfaction in other activities besides childrearing and homemaking

Report feelings of alienation and dissatisfaction due to supervisors treating them disrespectfully especially when supervisor is younger than them

blue collar workers

Nature of sibling relationships reflect the?

childhood relationship

In middle adulthood most sibling relationships are what?

close

The trait of _______increases dramatically from early adulthood and peaks during middle adulthood, followed by a decline during late adulthood.

conscientiousness

Expression of personality traits is influenced by?

culture

Personal distress toward aging _______ with age, suggesting older women have become more settled

decreases

A survey of Detroit men ranging in age from 20-93 found that men without close social ties were significantly more _________than men with relationships.

depressed

It was once assumed that women whose youngest children have left home would experience a painful _______ syndrome.

empty nest

Research into middle aged people has found that they?

encounter little decline in physical prowess

Unemployed middle-aged adults for whom work was more important, had fewer __________ and _________, and blamed themselves for the unemployment, fared the worst.

financial resources and social supports

Children who are young adults may still be ________ reliant upon their parents.

financially

Little if any ______ intelligence lost and _______ intelligence growing

fluid crystallized

Adults in middle adulthood tend to have fewer _______

friends

When Van Hiel and colleagues looked into generativity and stagnation they found that?

generativity and stagnation are independent dimensions

Erik Erikson believed that the major psychological challenge of the middle years is what?

generativity vs stagnation

Grandchildren tend to spend more time with their _________ than with their grandfathers all the way through adolescence.

grandmothers

According to Abigail Stewart and her colleagues, believing that one will seize opportunities and be of clear mind about what one can go accomplish are aspects of _______certainty.

identity

Job satisfaction ______ steadily throughout adulthood. - Increased expertise and income -Workers are more realistic in middle adulthood

increases

Some trends of group personality changes over the years, but introverted tend to remain________ , extroverted tend to remain ________

introverted extroverted

Grandparents have _____ influence on their grandchildren when they live with them

less

Focuses on the particular challenges that are likely to face people at this time of life rather than phases or stages

life events approach

Grandchildren tend to be more involved with _______ grandparents.

maternal

_________adults, especially professionals, are often earning more money than young adults.

middle age

Most burden of taking care of the elderly parents falls on who?

middle-aged daughter

can be prime of life if the person has continued to develop in an area of expertise or interest

midlife

usually identified around age 35 for women and age 40 for men

midlife

When we compare friendships in middle adulthood to those during early adulthood, we find that those in middle adulthood are what?

more similar to their friends than early adults are

In the "big five" personality model, emotional instability is termed ________

neuroticism

Most people in middle adulthood have at least ____ living sibling.

one

Research by Alyssa Zucker and her colleagues found that as women develop from their 20s to their 60s, they experience a decline in?

personal distress

Unemployed adults display lower physical and ______ well-being than their employed counterpart

psychological

Due to unrealized dreams and life losses,________ during this time (midlife) should not be overlooked.

psychotherapy

Grandparents have to choose between?

reckless interference or painful neglect

Grandparents spend a higher proportion of their time with their grandchildren in what?

recreational and educational activities

Most career changes in middle adulthood are shifts to where?

related fields

Most changes in careers occur during young adulthood due to?

responsibilities of middle adults' life

Middle-aged adults who care for aging parents and their own children are sometimes said to belong to the _________ generation.

sandwich

Parents are stressed when adolescents do not exert _______ and they have to direct them in multiple areas of their life.

self-control

The "big five" personality traits tend to show?

stability over time.

According to Erik Erikson, the life crisis of middle adulthood is generativity versus_______

stagnation

Crisis such as divorce, conflict with a coworker, or getting fired may force the middle adult to?

take any job he/she can find

Research into levinson's concept of midlife crisis has found that?

there may not be such a thing as midlife crisis as Levinson envisioned it

Supportive social network, positive attitude, and a sense of control help?

to mitigate the effects of stress and foster feelings of well-being among midlife adults.

According to Daniel Levinson, the years of 40-45 compromise a midlife _______

transition

Unemployed middle-aged adults have lower _______ than unemployed young adults.

well-being

________reach midlife about five years earlier mostly due to reproductive awareness

women