PSY 242 final Ch 10 - 11
. African American homes often have parents who provide a cohesive, loving environment that operates with several different elements working together. Which of the following is NOT one of those elements, as identified in your textbook? a. an agreement that house chores are a "woman's job." b. strong religious beliefs c. pride in cultural heritage d. cooperation within the family
a
. Fluid intelligence is to crystallized intelligence as a. declines throughout adulthood is to improves throughout adulthood. b. stays the same in adulthood is to declines throughout adulthood. c. improves throughout adulthood is to stays the same in adulthood. d. improves throughout adulthood is to declines throughout adulthood.
a
A relative strength of online friendships involves the ability of the user to a. control the level of intimacy in the relationship. b. know exactly who they are dealing with. c. ensure compatibility. d. meet in a less anonymous manner than in face-to-face friendships.
a
According to ____ theory, marriages are most likely to be successful when each partner contributes something to the relationship that would be difficult for the other partner to provide. a. exchange b. reciprocity c. input d. juxtaposition
a
Adam just finalized his divorce from his ex-wife. His mother is already telling him to "get back out there," because there are a lot of "fish in the sea." Adam wants to have another relationship, but if he is like most people he will probably wait around ____ years before remarrying. a. 3 ½ b. 5 c. 7 ½ d. 10
a
Barry is talking with his wife Cheryl about his parents. "You know, I think it is great that Mom and Dad are getting more familiar with the Internet, but it is strange that they are both spending time on Facebook every day. I'm worried that their real friendships are going to suffer as they spend more time on a social networking website." Cheryl, having read your textbook, would probably respond by saying a. "That is a common concern, but don't worry. Research hasn't found support for this fear." b. "The research has found that Facebook and other such sites are actually more damaging to friendships of those between 25 and 45 years of age than to older adults." c. "This is a really good point, as the research has found that online friendships are really damaging to real-life friendships." d. "I really think you should talk to your parents about this, because research has found that while younger people don't have any problems, older folks who use social networking sites tend to become isolated and separated from their real friends."
a
Fatimah is a Muslim woman who lives in Malaysia. She is in her early twenties, and has not yet married. This has led to her losing status in her community. Which of the following is Fatimah likely to cite as a reason for her status as a single woman? a. jodoh b. nervios c. koro d. namaste
a
Friendship relationships differ from love relationships in that they are a. less emotionally intense and involve less sexual energy and contact. b. less emotionally intense and involve more sexual energy and contact. c. more emotionally intense and involve less sexual energy and contact. d. more emotionally intense and involve more sexual energy and contact.
a
Many single parents report complex feelings, such as frustration, failure, and guilt. This often leads them to behave in a(n) ____ toward their children. a. overindulgent b. neglectful c. authoritative d. abusive
a
Marital ____ is an umbrella term that refers to any marital outcome. a. success b. satisfaction c. quality d. adjustment
a
Mary decides to go to a speed dating event, because she has not been meeting many women in whom she has a romantic interest lately. If the people at this event are similar to those at most speed dating parties, Mary will be most interested in women who have all but which of the following qualities? a. women who are very self-focused b. physically attractive women c. women who are outgoing d. women who are very self-assured
a
Men who become fathers when they are in their thirties are generally more invested in their paternal role and spend up to ____ times more time caring for their preschool children as younger fathers do. a. three b. five c. seven d. nine
a
Most marriage education programs focus on ____ skills as a way of helping enhance marital success. a. communication b. parenting c. lovemaking d. financial
a
O'Leary (1993) presents a continuum of aggressive behavior in abusive relationships anchored by ____ on one end and ____ on the other end. a. verbal aggression; murder b. severe aggression; murder c. physical aggression; verbal aggression d. physical aggression; murder
a
Shayla has been divorced for just six months, but she is certain that she has found the new love of her life. She is already talking to her friends about getting remarried. Her friends want to be supportive and share in her happiness, but they also warn her to avoid the rebound effect. What research findings should Shayla share? a. There is no evidence that people who remarry sooner have less successful marriages than those who wait longer. b. There is actually quite a bit of evidence that getting remarried as quickly as possible will be better for my kids. c. Research has shown that the longer you wait to get married the less likely it is that your marriage will be successful. d. I didn't think about that. You're probably right, because I know that people who get married sooner after a divorce have a three to four times higher chance of getting divorced within the first year.
a
Steve and Aisha have a relationship where they both want to share their thoughts and actions with each other. According to Sternberg (2006), their relationship is high in a. intimacy. b. commitment. c. passion. d. infatuation.
a
The final stage of friendship, according to the developmental model presented in your chapter, is a. ending. b. solidification. c. crystallization. d. tempering.
a
Thirty-six-year-old Alexander and 25-year-old Jonathan are typical first-time fathers. We would expect that a. Alexander will spend more time with his child than Jonathan. b. Alexander and Jonathan will spend about the same amount of time with their children. c. Jonathan will spend more time with his child than Alexander. d. Jonathan will spend more time with his child if his child is female and Alexander's is male.
a
When all is said and done, the most important thing to predicting the long-term success of a marriage is ____. a. communication b. religion c. sex d. having children
a
When they first got married, Marge and Irwin each had some individual behaviors that irritated the other. For example, Irwin would constantly leave his dirty socks on the bedroom floor, and this bothered Marge. Marge, on the other hand, always forgot to lock the front door when she came in the house. This drove Irwin up a tree! Twenty years later, however, Marge locks the door, and Irwin picks up his socks. This sort of change to accommodate a partner is called marital ____. a. adjustment b. satisfaction c. quality d. success
a
Which of the following groups of individuals has the lowest death rate during the early adulthood years? a. Asian and Pacific Islanders b. African Americans c. Latinos d. European Americans
a
Which of the following individuals is likely to establish their financial independence from their parents the earliest? a. Kelly, who graduated from high school and went right to work rather than college b. Julie, who is in her second year of college c. Katie, who is in her third year of medical school d. Melinda, who has just started in a Master's program after graduating from college
a
Why do your authors suggest that younger divorced people are less likely to remarry than older divorced people? a. Because society has grown more accepting of cohabitation, so a second marriage may not feel necessary. b. Because the "once bitten, twice shy" effect is more salient for younger people who have more to lose if a second marriage fails. c. Because divorce usually leaves people financially devastated, and younger people may not be financially able to remarry anytime soon. d. Because young people usually do not have children when they divorce, and thus they are more "embracing" of their recaptured freedom after a divorce.
a
Young adult men between the ages of 25 and 34 are ____ times as likely to die as women of the same age. a. 2.5 b. 2.0 c. 4.0 d. 1.5
a
____ refers to the concept that intellectual abilities are not fixed but can be modified under the right conditions at just about any point in adulthood. a. Plasticity b. Reparability c. Multidimensionality d. Multidirectionality
a
____ woman syndrome is a situation that occurs when a woman believes that she cannot leave an abusive situation and may even go so far as to kill her abuser. a. Battered b. Abused c. Victimized d. Accosted
a
Research conducted by DePaulo (2006) found that people associate the qualities "caring," "kind," and "giving" with married people approximately 50% of the time, while the same descriptors were associated with single people only about ____% of the time. a. 2 b. 5 c. 10
a
. Larry and Isabelle have been married for just a couple of months, and have not yet had their first major argument. If their marriage is like most, the first major marital stress will center around a. the decision to or not to have children. b. financial issues. c. who is responsible for chores like dishes, gardening, and taking out the garbage. d. infidelity.
b
A rite of ____ involves a ritual or ceremonial event that marks initiation into adulthood. a. demarcation b. passage c. maturation d. arrival
b
According to your textbook, the single biggest contributor to health problems in the United States is a. overeating. b. smoking. c. alcohol consumption. d. taking illegal drugs.
b
Although they generally get along well and love each other very much, Jeanie and Randall decide to seek marital counseling to strengthen their relationship. Their therapist begins by asking them both questions about things like work, finances, their children, their communication, their sex life, and other dimensions of their relationship. This therapist is assessing Jeanie and Randall's marital ____. a. success b. quality c. adjustment d. satisfaction
b
As a relationship persists over time, ____ will typically decrease while ____ will typically increase. a. commitment; passion b. passion; intimacy c. intimacy; sexuality d. intimacy; passion
b
Debbie and Jamie have been friends for many years. They know each other well, and even though they both have families and children they make it a point to get together, even just for coffee, at least once or twice a month. According to the developmental model of friendship discussed in your chapter, they are probably in the ____ stage of their friendship. a. maintenance b. continuation c. long-term d. deterioration
b
During middle age, if a woman initiates a divorce, she would most likely feel a. vulnerable. b. optimistic. c. depressed. d. angry.
b
Familism is the idea that a family's well-being takes precedence over the concerns of individual family members, and is a value most associated with ____ families. a. African American b. Latino c. European American d. Middle Eastern
b
From a developmental perspective, friendships have several stages. Which of the following most accurately summarizes those five stages? a. BUDDY b. ABCDE c. NEATO d. BLUES
b
Grace and George are engaged to be married and are considering taking a pre-marital education program to help their chances of having a successful marriage. Based on the research presented by your authors, what would you advise them? a. These programs have reduced divorce by 90 to 92% among couples who attended them, so you should sign up immediately! b. These programs have consistent, though modest positive effects on marriages, so go ahead and sign up! c. Don't waste your time. These programs show no positive or negative impact on marriages. d. Avoid these programs at all costs! Research shows that they actually harm marriages rather than helping them.
b
How many of the following individuals would likely have the tendency to separate love and sex from each other? (a) Richard, who is gay; (b) Dominic, who is heterosexual; (c) Marlene, who is heterosexual; and (d) Bertina, who is a lesbian. a. one b. two c. three d. four
b
In which of the following circumstances would you be LEAST LIKELY to see assortative mating taking place? a. in a college extra-curricular club b. in a speed-dating event c. in a common-interest internet chat room d. at a church or temple
b
Marcus and Michelle have been married for 12 years, and as they both approach their fortieth birthdays they agree that they are going to remain childless. This decision, while frowned upon by some, brings with it several advantages. Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of being childless that is noted in your textbook? a. higher marital satisfaction b. less concern about safety in the home c. more freedom d. higher standards of living
b
Nearly twice as many ____ as European American remain single during young adulthood, and more are choosing to remain so. a. Asian Americans b. African Americans c. Native Americans d. Latin Americans
b
Of the following couples, which would you say would be the quickest to make a commitment and opt to cohabit the fastest? a. Mark and John, a gay couple b. Linda and Elizabeth, a lesbian couple c. John and Tessa, a heterosexual couple d. Research has found that, despite popular belief, sexual orientation is unrelated to the speed at which couples "fall for" each other and choose to move in together.
b
Omar and his partner have been together for over three years now, and are considering getting married. If you were told that they initially met on the internet, the odds would be greatest that they are from a. Spain. b. the United States of America. c. the United Kingdom. d. Australia.
b
Research has found that the likelihood of divorce is highest for couples who make the decision to get married when they are at the height of a. commitment. b. infatuation. c. intimacy. d. cohabitation.
b
The average age at which a woman gives birth to her first child has changed because of ____ and women postponing having children for career purposes. a. an increase in teen birthrate b. a decrease in teen birthrate c. an increase in the age of menopause d. a decrease in the age of menopause
b
The factor that is most related to a marriage ending in a later divorce is a. the presence of negative emotions displayed during conflicts. b. an absence of positive emotions expressed between the couple. c. incidents of infidelity on the part of either partner. d. episodes of physical and/or emotional abuse committed by either partner.
b
The greatest worry of most adoptive, foster, and step-parents is that the adoptive child in their life will a. not physically resemble them. b. fail to bond with them. c. lack intelligence. d. be carrying some undetected genetic disorder.
b
The most common form of family around the world is the ____ family, in which grandparents and other relatives live with parents and their children. a. nuclear b. extended c. multi-layered d. blended
b
The vulnerability-stress-____ model sees marital quality as a dynamic process resulting from the couple's ability to handle stressful events in the context of their particular vulnerabilities and resources. a. rebound b. adaptation c. adjustment d. diathesis
b
What statement indicates that a couple is considering a "covenant marriage?" a. "We must both convert to the same religious faith before marriage." b. "The premarital counseling we will go through will help our marriage." c. "This is a much easier route than the traditional 'no-fault' divorce." d. "Remember that this is being done knowing that it will benefit the children."
b
Which best describes the relationship between LDLs and HDLs? a. LDLs break down HDLs b. HDLs break down LDLs c. LDLs transform into HDLs d. HDLs transform into LDLs
b
Which of the following couples will have the lowest chance of having a marriage that lasts? a. Denise and Dennis, who were both in their twenties when they got married. b. Joe and Josephine, who were both in their teens when they got married. c. Christine and Christopher, who were both in their thirties when they got married. d. Darryl, who was 42, and Darlene, who was 33 when they got married.
b
Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to sibling relationships? a. Sibling relationships do not typically move beyond the acquaintanceship stage. b. Sibling relationships typically last longer than other friendships. c. People with siblings tend to have less friends. d. Non-sibling friendships have closer bonds than sibling relationships.
b
Why is it that many people consider alcoholism to be a form of addiction? a. Because there are always legal problems associated with such catastrophic misuse of alcohol b. Because it involves physical dependence as well as the experience of withdrawal symptoms c. Because there is evidence of a neurological impact of the use of alcohol in greater and greater amounts d. Because there is a loss of control over the consumption of alcohol that is involved
b
Women tend to be ____ likely to initiate a divorce, and/but ____ likely to remarry unless they are poor. a. more; more b. more; less c. less; more d. less; less
b
"I really think about quitting smoking," Michael often says to his friends, "but after doing it for so long I think it is too late to be of any benefit to me." What should his friends tell him? a. "You will reduce your risk of stroke and coronary heart disease to normal within 5 years of quitting smoking, so give up the cigarettes!" b. "Well there's really no way to know if it would help, but you'd sure smell a lot better if you gave up the cigarettes!" c. "Actually, within one year of quitting cigarettes your lungs regain their normal ability to move out mucus!" d. "That's probably correct, so just keep smoking. What is most important now is that you avoid putting second-hand smoke into others' lungs."
c
. Stephanie and Zach are about to have their first baby, a little girl who they are going to name Nora. If Stephanie is like the average mother in the United States, she is about ____ years old. a. 19 b. 22 c. 26 d. 28
c
In 2011, the country that had the highest rate of marriages ending in divorce was a. the United Kingdom. b. Italy. c. Sweden. d. the United States.
d
According to the US Department of Agriculture, a family in the middle income bracket who had a child in 20013 would spend approximately ____ on the child's necessities over the first 17 years of that child's life. a. $55,000 b. $120,000 c. $245,000 d. $375,000
c
Approximately three fourths of both men and women expressed some level of regret after a. on-line dating. b. being involved in "preoccupied" romantic attachments. c. having hookup sex. d. using a matchmaker.
c
Eli and Hadassah have a relationship where they both experience an intense physiological desire for each other. According to Sternberg (2006), their relationship is high in a. intimacy. b. commitment. c. passion. d. infatuation.
c
Estimates suggest that approximately 80% of men and 70% of women between the ages of 20 and 24 are a. married. b. cohabitating. c. single. d. engaged to be married.
c
For couples who get married in the United States today, there is a ____ percent chance that their relationship will end in divorce. a. 25 b. 33 c. 50 d. 60
c
For most adults, the decision to remain single is a. something that they have felt strongly about since childhood. b. a kneejerk reaction to heartbreak. c. a gradual one that develops over time. d. a result of being unable to find a suitable marriage partner.
c
Guy has been struggling since he and his wife finalized their divorce. He still speaks with her at least once a day, has not dated anyone, and isn't developing any new friendships. Experts would say that Guy is experiencing a(n) a. failure to launch. b. conciliatory mourning. c. divorce hangover. d. analysis paralysis.
c
Hal and Bernice have been married for just nine months, and like any newly married couple they tend to argue from time to time. According to the model of Gottman and Levenson (2000), if their conflicts include ____, their marriage will have a higher likelihood of ending in divorce. a. silence b. an unwillingness to address important issues c. displays of negative emotions d. masking real issues with romantic outings
c
Heather is only moderately happy with her marriage. Because of that, she is thinking about having a baby to make her marriage more satisfying. Is this a good idea? a. Yes, because marital satisfaction increases with the birth of a baby. b. Maybe, because when both parents want a baby, marital satisfaction increases after the birth of the baby. c. No, as having a child typically decreases marital satisfaction. d. It is uncertain, as there is no specific relationship between marital satisfaction and the birth of a child.
c
How has the median age of first marriage in the United States changed from 1970 to 2009? a. It has dropped by about four years. b. It has remained constant. c. It has risen by about five years. d. It has risen by about eight years.
c
In a population of college students, ____ percent of them reported experiencing abuse in a dating relationship at some point. a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50
c
In contrast to heterosexual cohabiting or married couples, gay and lesbian couples report that they frequently do not have ____. a. inheritance rights b. hospital visitation rights c. family support d. child custody rights
c
In general, ____ wives and African American couples use more accommodating and fewer destructive and quiet withdrawal behaviors over time, which in turn leads to a decreased likelihood of divorce. a. Asian American b. Latina c. European American d. Native American
c
More than 90% of those who successfully stop smoking cigarettes do so a. by taking prescription medications. b. by chewing nicotine gum. c. on their own. d. by using nicotine replacement patches.
c
Ole and Lena are a cohabitating couple in Norway, while Jack and Diane are a cohabitating couple in the United States. Cross-cultural research would predict that a. Jack and Diane will be unlikely to ever marry. b. Ole and Lena will believe that they are living in sin. c. Ole and Lena will only marry if they have children. d. Jack and Diane will be at significantly less risk for divorce should they marry.
c
Research into families in the Netherlands where there was a transracially adopted child from Columbia, Korea, or Sri Lanka found that one particular struggle for the child was a. not speaking Dutch well enough to be understood. b. living with an impoverished family. c. looking different d. being significantly taller than their siblings.
c
Studies have found that in multi-ethnic families, ____ are the key to helping children establish their ethnic identities. a. fathers b. siblings c. mothers d. grandparents
c
The divorce rate in second marriages is about ____ higher than for first marriages. a. 5% b. 15% c. 25% d. 35%
c
The first stage of friendship is to the last stage of friendship, as ____ is to ____. a. crystallization; separation b. buildup; exposition c. acquaintanceship; ending d. meeting; parting
c
The most common form of family in Western societies is the ____ family, which consists only of parents and children. a. associative b. extended c. nuclear d. blended
c
Victor and his girlfriend Tosha are thinking about moving in together to "test the waters" of their relationship before getting married. "I think it will be good for us," Victor says, "so we can find out if we are good together before spending the time, effort, and money of getting married." What would be the best response to give Victor? a. Be careful if you're thinking of having children someday, because couples who cohabit are much less likely to end up having children someday. b. This is precisely why most people choose to live together before marriage, and it has been found to make for better relationships in the long run. c. Studies suggest that cohabiting before getting married is not necessarily associated with the quality of the subsequent marriage. d. There are major differences in married couples who cohabitated before getting married and those who did not, so make sure to examine all of the research before moving in together.
c
Which statement BEST reflects the principle of assortative mating? a. Opposites attract b. Love the one you're with c. Birds of a feather flock together d. You can't teach an old dog new tricks
c
While women tend to have friendships based on ____, men more often based their friendships on ____. a. shared activities or interests; intimate and emotional sharing b. sexual interests; social interests c. intimate and emotional sharing; shared activities or interests d. social interests; sexual interests
c
____ is becoming an increasingly popular lifestyle choice in the United States and in many other countries. a. Serial bachelorhood or bachelorettehood b. "Open marriage" c. Cohabitation d. Married couples having separate bedrooms
c
the proportion of births to unwed mothers in the United States is at an all-time high, now over 40%, with the highest rate of single-mother births occurring among ____ women. a. Asian American b. Latina c. African American d. Native American
c
____ is an approach based on the idea that the more prepared a couple is for marriage, the better the relationship will survive over the long run. a. No Marriage Left Behind b. "Connections" c. Marriage education d. Contracted relationship consulting
c
Alicia and Jordan have an arrangement in their marriage that seems to work for them. Alicia is the "breadwinner," working full-time and earning an adequate salary to support the couple and their two children. Jordan is a stay-at-home father who is primarily responsible for taking care of the children and the home during the daytime. Each partner feels that the other contributes equally to their marriage, even though they contribute differently. According to ____ theory, their marriage is likely to be satisfying and happy. a. reciprocity b. traditionality c. balance d. exchange
d
As a way to combat the rising divorce rates, the United States government created the ____ to lower the divorce rate. a. No Marriage Must Fail Protocol b. Together Forever Act c. Divorce Is A Four-Letter Word doctrine d. Healthy Marriage Initiative
d
Before a person can successfully create an intimate relationship with another person, Erikson felt that they had to first a. establish their own, independent residence. b. begin their career. c. complete their education d. establish an identity of their own.
d
Colleges usually refer to students over the age of ____ as returning adult students, which implies that these individuals have already reached adulthood. a. 32 b. 28 c. 35 d. 25
d
One important predictor of successful marriage is ____, or the similarity of values and interests a couple shares. a. quality b. satisfaction c. cohesion d. homogamy
d
Parents of multiracial children tend to ____ than parents of single-race children. a. worry less about their children being rejected by others due to their race b. use authoritarian parenting methods more c. experience less marital stress d. feel that they are discriminated against more
d
Pauline has a negative mental model of herself and a positive mental model of her husband, James. According to the research conducted by Schmidt and colleagues (2004), Pauline would be described as having a ____ romantic attachment with James. a. secure b. dismissing c. fearful d. preoccupied
d
Quite possibly the biggest decision that a couple will have to make is a. whether or not both partners should pursue a career. b. where to live. c. how to save and when to spend their money. d. whether or not to have children.
d
Research conducted by Schmidt at colleagues (2004) found that approximately 80% of the cultural groups studied demonstrated ____ romantic attachments a. preoccupied b. arranged c. dismissive d. secure
d
Researchers have found that the most forms of homogamy are found when people meet and interact with each other. a. at parties. b. at singles events or mixers. c. in nightclubs. d. at school.
d
Researchers have reported that having cross-sex friendships may provide the benefits of reducing dating anxiety and enhancing one's capacity for intimacy. These findings hold true for a. heterosexual but not gay or lesbian individuals. b. gay and lesbian but not heterosexual individuals. c. women but not men. d. men but not women.
d
Ryan has several good friendships with people to whom he feels very close. Two of those relationships have lasted for several years, ever since childhood, and he regularly spends time with these important people in his life. As a result of these good friendships, Ryan is most likely to a. be more involved in his church. b. have good physical health. c. have a successful career. d. have higher self-esteem.
d
Stephanie and Marlon got married yesterday, and their wedding was a festive party. A good time was had by all! If their marriage follows the typical path of most marriages, Stephanie and Marlon will experience the least marital satisfaction a. after they both retire from their careers. b. when their children finally begin leaving home. c. within the first three months after the wedding, when "the honeymoon" ends. d. after they have children.
d
Sternberg (2006) has proposed that love relationships have three basic components. They include all but which of the following? a. intimacy b. commitment c. passion d. sexuality
d
Successful couples find a way to ____ in their relationship, and this is a very important determinant of marital satisfaction over longer periods of time. a. tolerate each other's family members b. keep separate interests active c. avoid arguments d. keep the romance alive
d
The cultural value of ____ partially explains the significantly higher trend for Latino college students to live at home. a. marianismo b. machismo c. nervios d. familism
d
The effects of divorce are surprisingly similar for both members of the marriage. Research finds that the most common feelings experienced include all EXCEPT which of the following? a. deep disappointment b. feeling misunderstood c. rejection d. intense anger
d
The rates of abuse against women tend to be higher in cultures where all but which of the following are emphasized? a. female purity b. male status c. family honor d. independence
d
The recognition that certain situations have ambiguous interpretations—that there is not always a singular "right and wrong" answer to every question—is a hallmark of ____ thinking. a. psychoplastic b. conventional c. concrete operational d. postformal
d
To promote positive relationships between stepparents and stepchildren, the text recommends a. allowing stepchildren to choose which home they prefer as their residence. b. engaging in intensive attachment-oriented stepparent-stepchildren workshops. c. bringing in a third party as a mediator of stepparent and stepchildren conflicts. d. allowing stepchildren to develop a relationship with the stepparent at their own pace.
d
Wendy has asked her husband William for a divorce, and he has agreed that their marriage should end. Wendy believes that William is an excellent father, and does not want him alienated from their children. Research suggests that if they have a ____ divorce, William will remain more involved in his children's lives than if they went to court. a. mediated b. covenant c. communal d. collaborative
d
What is one major reason why the divorce rate for remarriages is significantly higher than for first marriages? a. displaced anger from first marriages b. the ease of collaborative divorces c. the prevalence of divorce hangovers d. the lack of clear role definitions
d
Which of the following individuals is MOST LIKELY to have a positive attitude toward people with different backgrounds than themselves? a. Rich, who is African American and who has been raised in a community that is primarily occupied by other African Americans b. Jay, who is Native American and who has been encouraged by his elders to associate only with other Native American individuals c. Smith, who is Caucasian and who, despite having taken classes in multiculturalism, really has very few friends who are not also Caucasian d. Connor, who is Asian American and has friends who are Caucasian, Latino American, and African American
d
Which of the following individuals is the MOST LIKELY to have the most friends, both online and in real life? a. Louanne, who does not own a computer and never uses the Internet b. Victoria, who owns a computer and goes on the Internet once or twice a week c. Ussain, who owns a computer and goes on the Internet for 5 to 10 minutes once or twice a day d. Carlynne who owns a computer as well as an internet-capable smartphone, and who spends at least two or three hours a day on the Internet.
d
Why is it that many Native American parents have lost some of their traditional cultural parenting skills, where children were valued, women were considered sacred, and men cared for and provided for their families? a. because these values are archaic and outdated b. because the old methods are simply ineffective c. because of the infiltration of Judeo-Christian religious values d. because of many generations of oppression
d
Your textbook notes that the median age of marriage has increased by several years in the last four decades. Which of the following is a benefit of this delayed entry into marriage? a. Getting married later reduces the likelihood of marital infidelity occurring. b. Getting married later reduces the chance of a couple losing their home to foreclosure. c. Getting married later seems to reduce the likelihood of unwanted children. d. Getting married later seems to decrease the likelihood of divorce.
d
____ divorce is a voluntary, contract-based alternative to traditional court-resolved divorce. It involves negotiation and resolution of the end of a marriage rather than having a ruling imposed on the couple. a. Amicable b. Mediated c. Cooperative d. Collaborative
d
cathy and Bettina are sitting together one evening talking about their house. "I'd really like to renovate the kitchen within the next year," says Bettina. Cathy agrees, but points out that they can't afford such an expensive project, especially since they have a new baby to take care of and pay for. They both agree that if they work more hours at their jobs that they will be able to make the extra money needed to pay for the renovation. Cathy and Bettina are demonstrating ____ control. a. plenary b. tertiary c. secondary d. primary
d
n Sweden, research data suggest that ____ percent of married couples opted to live together prior to marriage. a. 25 b. 50 c. 75 d. 99
d
When a marriage is interrupted by military deployment, both partners will be affected by the changes in circumstances. Which of the following is an accurate statement about such cases? a. If a marriage is interrupted by military deployment, the couples' beliefs about their ability to survive such a separation is unrelated to the likelihood of the marriage lasting. b. Research finds that only about 10% of "military marriages" survive when a deployment lasts for more than 12 months. c. Research finds that wives who have to leave due to military deployment experience higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder when they return than do husbands. d. Divorce rates for women service members who are deployed are higher than for their male counterparts.
d
Physical functioning generally peaks during a. early adolescence. b. young adulthood c. middle adulthood. d. middle adolescence.
b
The term ____ refers to the amount of energy one's body needs. a. glycemic level b. body mass index c. digestive efficiency d. metabolism
d
Which statement by 30-year-old Flossie, who is typical for a person of her age, is most likely false? a. "My visual acuity is about as good as it has ever been." b. "I am about as strong as I will ever be." c. "My hearing is not quite as good as it used to be." d. "I am a lot less coordinated than I used to be."
d
Good cholesterol is to ____ as bad cholesterol is to ____. a. UDLs; MDLs b. HDLs; LDLs c. MDLs; UDLs d. LDLs; HDLs
b
n the United States, nearly ____ percent of adults between the ages of 25 and 44 years are considered heavy drinkers. a. 10 b. 7 c. 5 d. 12
c
Ruth has been smoking cigarettes for many years, and her habit has become so severe that she smokes at least two packs every day. For which of the following medical issues is she at increased risk? a. Turner's syndrome b. ulcerative colitis c. Parkinson's d. a fractured hip
d
. For smokers who successfully give up cigarettes, the risks of coronary heart disease and stroke return to that of never smokers after a period of roughly ____ years. a. 15 b. 10 c. 18 d. 12
a
. Rose has been actively alcoholic for several years now, and she has finally decided to address the problem. If she looks to the most widely known option for treating her addiction, she will a. go to Alcoholics Anonymous. b. seek support from people at her church as she attempts to overcome her addiction on her own. c. engage the services of an individual psychotherapist. d. start taking medications designed to make her sick when she drinks.
a
According to the National Institute of Health and the American Heart Association, a healthy weight is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) at or below ____. a. 25 b. 22 c. 16 d. 20
a
Betram is 30 years of age, and his sensory systems are changing normally for his age. Which of the following would he probably have the MOST difficulty hearing clearly? a. The high-pitched voice of his three-year old daughter. b. The "bang bang bang" of the tennis shoes that are tumbling in his clothes dryer. c. The announcers on a football game on television, which has the volume increased to adequate levels. d. The deep, booming voice of his boss, who is leading a meeting at work.
a
Donald is having a real problem with his boss at work. Try though he has, he cannot seem to get his boss to ease up on him. He decides that rather than try to change his relationship with his boss, he will change how he allows their constant conflicts to affect him. He vows to stop letting it "get to him," and comes up with new ways to avoid getting upset over their constant struggles. Donald is using ____ control in his relationship with his boss. a. secondary b. imaginary c. invulnerable d. primary
a
During ____, there tends to be a significant drop in one's participation in risky behaviors such as driving recklessly, having sex without contraception, and engaging in extreme sports. a. young adulthood b. late adolescence c. early adolescence d. middle adolescence
a
During adolescence, Erikson suggested that we formulate our identity. As adults, we have a formulated view of ourselves. Which of the following links these two phenomena? a. the life-span construct b. the idealized scenario c. the miraculous composite d. the personal fable
a
Gabby is getting ready to compete in an Olympic gymnastics event. She is asked by a reporter if she is very nervous, and she says, "How I do is completely up to me right now, so if I did enough work and prepared properly I will be just fine." Gabby's statement reflects a high sense of ____. a. personal control b. outward locus c. egocentrism d. invulnerability
a
If you were presented with the following array of letters—"S, M, T, W, T, F, ____"—your ability to find the next logical letter would be an example of ____ intelligence. By the way, the answer is S, as the letters represent the days of the week in English. a. fluid b. crystallized c. creative d. practical
a
Morris is 43 years of age, and is going back to college part-time to earn a degree so that he can enhance his advancement prospects at his job. Morris would be considered a a. returning adult student. b. mid-life student. c. transitional student. d. nontraditional student.
a
Most theories of intelligence are ____; that is, they identify several types of intellectual abilities. a. multidimensional b. multidirectional c. plastic d. dynamic
a
Neuroscience research suggests that the _____, a part of the brain involved in high-level thinking is not fully developed until a person reaches the mid-20s. a. prefrontal cortex b. amygdala c. corpus callosum d. temporal lobe
a
Of the following individuals, how many are in the period called emerging adulthood? Matthias, who is a 18-year-old college student; Toby, who is a 35-year-old businessman and single father of one daughter; Gunther, who is a 25-year-old law student; Liesl, who is a 13-year-old girl from a Jewish family and has recently celebrated her bat mitzvah. a. two b. one c. three d. four
a
One of the most likely reasons for the typical developmental path for crystallized intelligence is that a. practice tends to improve performance. b. inherited skills tend to remain steady across the life span. c. neuron pruning leads to a significant reduction in mental flexibility. d. modern nutrition is better today than at any point in history.
a
Primary mental ability is to secondary mental ability as a. specific is to general. b. child is to adult. c. crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence. d. conventional is to postconventional.
a
Ralphie would probably be closest to the _____ stage of reflective judgment. a. first b. fourth c. fifth d. seventh
a
Sarah is advised by her doctor that she has high levels of bad cholesterol. In addition to modifying her diet and adding exercise to help bring these levels down, which medication category is her physician most likely to prescribe? a. statins b. mono-amine oxidase inhibitors c. SSRIs d. beta-blockers
a
Steve is on a first date with Nora. They are getting along well, when Nora suddenly hits Steve with a very deep question. "Where do you see yourself in 10 years, Steve?" she asks. Steve nearly chokes on his coffee, as he was just thinking about whether he'd get a goodnight kiss in an hour, not what he'd be doing in a decade. Nora has asked Steve to consider his ____. a. possible selves b. ideal selves c. personal fable d. life story
a
The number one cause of death among Americans between the ages of 25 and 44 is a. accidents. b. diabetes. c. cancer. d. heart disease.
a
The two most important social influences on health are a. socioeconomic status and education. b. ethnicity and religion. c. race and education. d. socioeconomic status and national background.
a
While some believe that binge drinking is just a fun thing to do at parties, the results of such behavior really contradict such a notion. Which of the following is an accurate consequence of binge drinking? a. Somewhere around 1,800 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die every year in the United States from drinking too much. b. The rates of assault on college campuses actually go down when drinking goes up, as people become too incapacitated by drinking to go out and get into trouble. c. The rate of binge drinking in the general public has increased in the same proportions that it has increased among college students. d. Around 700,000 college students a year are victims of alcohol-related date-rape.
a
n most cultures, ____ is the most important rite of passage, as it is seen as a prelude to childbearing. This, in turn, provides clear evidence of reaching adulthood. a. marriage b. reaching puberty c. graduating from school d. losing one's virginity
a
the abilities that make you a flexible and adaptive thinker, allowing you to make inferences and enabling you to understand the relationships among concepts are called ____ intelligence. a. fluid b. componential c. crystallized d. analytical
a
Based on personal experiences and input from other people, young adults create a ____ that represents a unified sense of the past, present, and future. a. life-span construct b. comprehensive self-concept c. personal fable d. egocentric composite
a
Based on statistics, which of these 30-year-old adults is MOST LIKELY to die within a year? a. Buster, a European American male b. Tamarick, an African American male c. Nik, a European American female d. Jean, an Asian American female
b
Binge drinking is defined for men as consuming ____ or more drinks in a row and for women as consuming ____ or more drinks in a row within the past two weeks. a. 6; 5 b. 5; 4 c. 4; 3 d. 7; 5
b
Conflicting results in research on Erikson's view of establishing intimacy may occur because a. individuals place more importance on identity than on intimacy. b. men and women resolve identity and intimacy issues differently. c. friendships sometimes lead to intimacy. d. there is a growing trend of men resolving intimacy issues before identity issues.
b
Dr. Dumais is examining the P-FIT model of human intelligence by enlisting young adults to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He is most likely to find support for the P-FIT model in all EXCEPT which of the following types of intelligence? a. fluid b. musical c. crystallized d. spatial
b
Dr. Ique has organized her lecture on intellectual ability around different skills that she has placed into meaningful groups. These include abilities in areas such as numbers, word fluency, understanding verbal meanings, inductive reasoning, and spatial orientation. What would be the best title for Dr. Ique's lecture? a. Rites of Passage Around the World b. Your Primary Mental Abilities and You c. Avoiding Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome d. Plasticity Forever
b
Faced with the prospect of voting for or against a state law that would prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, Roberto considers many factors. He thinks about his own family and friends, his religion, his cultural upbringing, and his feelings about sexual orientation and gender identity Roberto is using ____ judgment to determine his own position on this issue. a. formal operational b. reflective c. didactic d. egalitarian
b
For college students ages 18 to 25, the broader college experience that includes socialization in adult roles helps foster a. the skills needed to achieve financial independence. b. the transition to adulthood. c. skills needed to join the workforce.. d. social relationships.
b
For many people, the key to establishing their identity as an adult is achieving ____ independence. a. educational b. financial c. physical d. political
b
Mitzi is a young adolescent who often dreams of having four children, a husband, a dog, and a house with a white picket fence. This is an example of a. a life-span construct. b. a scenario. c. a life story. d. a personal fable.
b
Of all of the following neurotransmitters, how many are disrupted by the ingestion of alcohol? (a) norepinephrine; (b) glutamate; (c) serotonin; (d) GABA; (e) dopamine a. three b. five c. two d. four
b
Of the following individuals, how many qualify as having experienced an episode of binge drinking? (a) Martha, who had 6 drinks within a 30 minute period at her sister's wedding about 6 weeks ago; (b) Janice, who had 3 shots of vodka in 5 minutes at the club last weekend; (c) Erik, who won a contest with his friend by having 7 shots of tequila in 7 minutes last night; (d) Aaron, who had 4 beers in an hour during the football game on Saturday. a. 4 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
b
Overall, McAdams believes that one's identity is a. structured for us by the important people in our lives. b. a process of creating and recreating their own life story. c. completely outside of our control d. static over time, and not at all subject to change.
b
Primary mental abilities ____, whereas secondary mental abilities ____. a. develop rapidly; develop slowly b. are directly measurable; are not directly measurable c. are seen in childhood; are seen in adulthood d. increase over time; decrease over time
b
Raymond is about to graduate from high school. He is one of 100 seniors in his class who will be receiving their diploma this weekend. If Raymond's high school is typical of most in the United States, about ____ of these soon-to-be graduates will go right on to college. a. 60 b. 70 c. 50 d. 40
b
Research on possible selves development has shown that a. older adults believe that becoming both the hoped-for and the feared self is under their control. b. younger adults believe that becoming both the hoped-for and the feared self is under their control. c. older adults believe that becoming the hoped-for self is under their control, but they have little control over the feared self. d. younger adults believe that becoming the hoped-for self is under their control, but they have little control over the feared self.
b
Roughly ____ people die each year from smoking-related illnesses, and medical treatment of smoking-related ailments costs more than ____ annually. a. 220,000; $190 million b. 440,000; $100 billion c. 350,000; $1.9 billion d. 40,000; $19 million
b
Sheri is disappointed with herself, because she is approaching her thirtieth birthday and is not yet married. Her expectation that she would have been married and have kids by the age of 35, and she is now feeling like this will not be possible. Sheri's plans for achieving specific life goals by specific ages is an example of her ____. a. scenario b. social clock c. life story d. life-span construct
b
Some developmentalists have categorized the ____ as a period called emerging adulthood. a. ages of 18 to 21 years b. late teens to the mid- to late twenties c. early twenties to early thirties d. late teens to the early thirties
b
The most common problem reported by college students who are frequent binge drinkers is a. missing a class. b. having a hangover. c. having blackouts. d. doing something they regret.
b
When all of the research regarding Erikson's proposed relationship between identity and intimacy is examined, it appears that a. the theory only applies to women. b. there are multiple pathways to achieving identity and intimacy. c. young adults who attend college achieve identity formation sooner. d. the theory only applies to men.
b
Which of the following individuals demonstrates the concept of multidirectionality in their intellectual development? a. Marcus has always had skill in his interactions with other people. In fact, he has always been considered the most popular of his peers. b. As Paul's memory of his experiences increases with age, his processing speed is getting somewhat slower. c. Joy is losing some of her hair as she gets older, so she sometimes wears a partial wig to cover the thinning areas of her scalp. d. While Martha is very good at playing the piano and is getting better with age, her husband Henry has no real skill on the instrument and, despite taking lessons, has never learned to play it well.
b
According to Erikson, the major task for young adults is to deal with the psychosocial conflict of ____. a. identity versus role confusion b. generativity versus stagnation c. intimacy versus isolation d. independence versus dependence
c
Angel and Jolie are having a discussion about the politics of stem-cell research. Angel feels that it should be actively pursued in order to discover the cures to many medical conditions, while Jolie feels that stem cells should not be used to further human medical knowledge. If Angel says, "Well, you have the right to your own position, even if we disagree," she would be demonstrating that she is at the ____ stage of reflective judgment. a. first b. third c. fifth d. eighth
c
At present in the United States, which age group is most likely to assign responsibility and blame? a. young adults b. middle-aged adults c. older adults d. There are no age differences in assigning responsibility or blame.
c
Baltes and his colleagues (2006) have suggested that intellectual development in adults should be examined while considering several different factors. They include all EXCEPT which of the following? a. plasticity b. interindividual variability c. immutability d. multidirectionality
c
How would neuroscientists explain the early adulthood shifts in behavior that are often seen in the early twenties? a. There is a decrease in cortical activity in the diencephalon—the hypothalamus and thalamus—which in turn leads to a stabilizing of endocrine activities. b. There is a thickening of the corpus callosum, so information can travel more readily across the cerebral hemispheres. c. There is further development in the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in higher level thinking processes. d. There is increased myelination in the structures of the hindbrain—the pons, medulla, and cerebellum—which leads to greater control of impulsive behaviors.
c
Joe is a grandfather of seven children. One afternoon he sits with his five-year-old grandson, Troy, on his lap and he tells him all about how it "used to be back when I was a kid." Joe's ability to remember the good old days reflects ____ intelligence. a. fluid b. analytical c. crystallized d. existential
c
Marielle is a researcher who argues that individual differences in the strength of social representations of rules, beliefs, and attitudes are linked to specific situations. She would best be described as a(n) ____ researcher. a. existential b. behavioral c. social cognition d. multicultural
c
Nicola is 18 years old and engages in many risky behaviors. For example, she drives very fast and recklessly, and does not use any protection when having sex. If Nicola is a typical adolescent, these behaviors will ____ when she gets older. a. slightly increase in frequency b. remain at the same frequency level c. decrease in frequency d. significantly increase in frequency
c
One researcher, Males (2009, 2010), has suggested that the brain development hypothesis that is often used to explain the transition to adulthood in young adults is wrong. Instead, Males argues that ____ is a stronger predictor of risky behavior than neurological changes. a. sexual activity or inactivity b. endocrine functioning c. poverty d. sex
c
One theory that has emerged from the results of several research studies examining the brain has proposed that intelligence comes from a distributed and integrated network of neurons in the ____ lobes of the brain. a. occipital and temporal b. parietal and occipital c. frontal and parietal d. temporal and frontal
c
Personal ____ beliefs reflect the degree to which you believe that your performance in a situation depends on something you do. a. responsibility b. locus c. control d. accountability
c
Physical strength, coordination, and dexterity tends to peak in the late twenties and early thirties, and then decline throughout the rest of the life for a. women, but not men. b. men, but not women. c. both men and women. d. neither men nor women.
c
The average age at which a person gets married in the United States has ____ since 1970. a. increased by almost seven years b. decreased by four years c. increased by five years d. decreased by two years
c
The statement, "Nothing in life can be known for certain" is most likely to be uttered for the first time by someone at the ____ stage of reflective judgment. a. first b. second c. fourth d. sixth
c
Tom was a 40-year-old African American father of two girls, was married to his high school sweetheart, and had a thriving career as an attorney in private practice. Tragically, Tom died just two weeks after his birthday party. Statistically, the MOST LIKELY cause of his death was a(n) a. pulmonary embolism. b. heart attack. c. accident. d. act of violence.
c
When he was little, Jaden's father used to play "What do you want to be when you grow up" with him. Jaden loved considering the various options, and his father was always amused by the way his son's choices would change from day to day. Jaden's father was using _______ to help Jaden consider his future. a. a life-span construct b. a social clock c. scenarios d. a life story
c
Which of the following is the most common change in vision that people experience during their middle-adulthood years? a. They lose their ability to see things in the dark. b. They lose some of their color vision. c. They become farsighted and need reading glasses. d. They become nearsighted and need glasses to see things at distance.
c
Who is likely to be the LEAST healthy? a. Jose, who is a college graduate b. Luzia, who is African American c. Thales, who lives in poverty d. Fabio, who is very wealthy
c
Your authors note that cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of many different types of cancer. Which of the following body parts is NOT one they identified? a. cervical b. stomach c. brain d. blood (leukemia)
c
n Western cultures, voting, completing an education, beginning full-time employment, leaving home and establishing financial independence, getting married, and having children are all examples of the assumption of new responsibilities that defines a. genotypical markers. b. emergent shifts. c. role transitions. d. rites of passage.
c
the American Cancer Society estimates that between 66% and 75% of those cigarette smokers who try to quit smoking end up starting up again within ____ month(s). a. one b. 12 c. six d. three
c
____ thinking is characterized by the recognition that correct answers vary from one situation to another, that solutions should be realistic, that ambiguity and contradiction are typical, and that subjective factors play a role in cognition. a. Psychomotor b. Hypothetical-deductive c. Postformal d. Formal operational
c
How is the consumption of alcohol related to the promotion of health? a. Heavy drinkers have the greatest benefits b. Abstainers have the greatest benefits c. Alcohol consumption has not been related to any health benefits d. Moderate drinkers have the greatest benefits
d
Middle-age adults tend to be more willing to take ____ factors into account when considering the actions of another individual, a skill that is not as readily seen in younger individuals. a. reflective b. genetic c. predetermined d. contextual
d
Researchers define friendship ____ as the satisfaction that is derived from a relationship in which those involved influence one another's behaviors and beliefs. a. satisfactoriness b. interchange c. intimacy d. quality
d
Smoking during one's lifetime has a measurable negative impact on ____ in adults over fifty years of age. a. social functioning b. Intimate relationships c. job promotions d. cognitive functioning
d
Stanley has just visited his cardiologist, and he is told that it would be a very good idea if he were to lower his level of low density lipoproteins and increase his level of high density lipoproteins. Which of the following would Stanley be well advised to do to make this happen? a. Add a stool softener to his medication combination. b. Start taking vitamin D with "rose hips." c. Start taking calcium supplements each night before bed. d. Add more fiber to his diet.
d
The ____ campaign was launched in 2011 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to help people make better, healthier selections when it came to their meals. a. Eating Smarter Not Larger b. Food Wheel c. Nutritional Pyramid d. Choose My Plate
d
The desire to live a more "aggressive" life through physically and emotionally threatening situations on the boundary between life and death is termed ____. a. motivated risk-taking b. paradoxical role-confusion c. enhancement d. edgework
d
The idea that a person's identity can only be understood by considering where they've been, where they are, and where they are going was proposed by ____. a. Schaie b. Labouvie-Vief c. Blanchard-Fields d. McAdams
d
To maximize your odds of being healthy, you should do all of the following EXCEPT a. avoid smoking. b. eat a well-balanced, nutritional diet. c. monitor your alcohol consumption. d. avoid exercising too much.
d
Who would Erikson say is MOST capable of true intimacy? a. Cindy, who is overdependent on her boyfriend b. Harrison, who is 16 years old c. Burt, who finds it scary to date seriously d. Aileen, who has a clear sense of identity
d
Yacef suddenly finds himself newly married and out of school with a new job. Yacef is experiencing a. possible selves. b. fluid intelligence. c. reflective judgment. d. role transitions.
d
Your best friend William tells you that he is thinking of moving back in with his parents now that he has graduated from college. "If I do that for a year or two, I will be able to save my money and get independent much faster than if I try living on my own right away." Since you have read this chapter and know the research into this sort of thing, what would be your best response? a. This is a good idea, because men who move back in with their parents become financially independent faster, while women who do so take longer to establish such independence. b. The research really supports that idea, because both men and women who live with their parents for one to three years while establishing their own career can become financially independent much faster than those who live on their own. c. This is a bad idea, because women who move back in with their parents become financially independent faster, while men who do so take longer to establish such independence. d. This probably isn't a good idea, because it will actually take you longer to become financially independent if you move back with them than if you live on your own.
d