Psy 350

Passionate love

Involves intense emotional arousal and physical attraction

Companionate love

Characterized by deep caring for another person, comfort and trust, and enjoyment of shared experiences Ex. Elderly people

Example of antisocial behavior

Cheating, stealing

What types of love exist?

Compassionate Passionate Companionate

Oedipus

kills father and bangs mother - complex is the males unconscious desire for the exclusive love of his mother

Example of normative influence

line test

Is empathy a form of altruism?

no: Empathy is evidence of Altruism. Empathy engages pure altruism and overrides selfish motivations

Three defining features of love?

o Passion-Physiological Arousal; Longing o Intimacy-Close Bonding; Sharing, support o Commitment Willing

7 year itch

suggest 4 years Evolutionary explanaition

Ostracisim

tells us that others do not value us as much as we value them

Battering

" physical and psychological condition of a person who has suffered (usually persistent) emotional, physical, or sexual abuse from another person

Brainstorming

A strategy for coming up with ideas as a group involving generating as many ideas as possible, with encouragement to combine, improve, or expand on previous ideas.

the matching game (matching hypothesis)

A tendency to have relationships with those who match us in physical attractiveness.

Emotional aggression

Hurtful behavior from angry feelings EX. Child throwing temper tantrum

groupthink

A decision-making process that occurs when a desire for harmony and consensus within the group interferes with appropriate information seeking and leads to bad decision making.

Compassionate love

A self-giving and care-giving type of love

the commons dilemma or tragedy of the commons

A social dilemma in which the individual can gain the best outcome by taking advantage of a collective resource but if too many in the group take advantage of the resource it will not be sustainable and will no longer be available. Example: river pollution.

prisoner's dilemma

A social dilemma involving two individuals. If both compete, both lose. If both cooperate, they have the best collective outcome. The best individual outcome comes when one competes and the partner cooperates

informational social influence

A type of social influence toward conformity that occurs when the individual believes the crowd possesses knowledge the individual does not

Normative social influence

A type of social influence toward conformity that occurs when the individual conforms to avoid social rejection and to be liked or accepted by the group.

Instrumental Aggression

Aggression as a means to an end o Ex. One member of a couple says hurtful things in order to bring about a breakup

Original Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Aggression is an automatic response to any blocking of goal-directed behavior

Rational Aggression

Aggression that is focused on the destruction of relationships or social status o Ex. When a person spreads a rumor designed to damage someone's reputation, excludes someone from a social group, or tells someone that they can't join one's group unless they do a favor, that individual is engaging in relational aggression

Hostile aggression

Aggression that is intended to harm another, with no other goal or motive o Ex. Spreading rumors

What does the investment theory say about long-term relationships?

Animals making higher investment in their offspring will be more careful in choosing mates

What is attachment theory?

Based on the relationships that infants develop with their primary caregiver(s)

Informational Social Influence

Conforming because we believe the crowd knows something that we may not know

Why do people stay with their long term partner

Investment Alternative Satisfaction

Four horseman for relationship

Defensiveness Criticism Contempt Stonewalling

Triggered-displaced aggression

Displaced aggression towards a person who is not the actual cause of aggressive feelings, but who has done something minor to evoke those feelings o Ex. The person you're upset with did something minor to annoy you, but your reaction to the minor event is really due to the larger event that happened earlier

Why would you be more likely to save your own child in an emergency situation

Evolution

Milgram's findings

He did lots of studies with obedience and how people will follow authority figures without much questioning.

Normative Social Influence

How other people influence our behavior through social pressure (we conform because we want to be liked and accepted)

Example of kin selection?

Individuals are more likely to help their own child than a stranger's child, more likely to help a sibling than a cousin, and more likely to help a cousin than a stranger

audience inhibition

Inhibition of action (helping) that occurs because of embarrassment or self-consciousness in the presence of other people.

What do we know about ostracism?

It is the exclusion from a group. Like the virtual study where people stop passing you the ball. You come out of this study very hurt and distraught .

What is unrequited love?

Love that is not reciprocated

Is Freud's death instinct compatible with evolutionary logic?

No, it's incompatible with the logic of natural selection (animals that best promote their reproduction and own survival will have more offspring)

Violent aggression

Physical aggression that has the potential of harming someone o Ex. A gunshot to the chest is violence; a slap to the cheek is described as aggressive behavior

Opposite of social acceptance?

Social exclusion

equity games

Receiving benefits proportional to what one provides. According to equity theory, it is not the overall amount one receives from a relationship that is important, it is whether or not what one gives and what one gets are equal

Equity games

Receiving benefits proportional to what one provides. According to equity theory, it is not the overall amount one receives from a relationship that is important, it is whether or not what one gives and what one gets are equal.

Obedience to authority

Stanley Milgram completed a study of obedience where participants were asked to follow the orders of an experimenter despite the protests of a victim. In his study 62.5% of participants were fully obedient.

Belief in a just world

The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

What is the belief in a just world phenomenon?

The belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people; A persons actions are inherently inclined to bring morally/fair consequences (positive or negative consequences)

diffusion of responsibility

The parceling out of responsibility to help in a large group, with the result of less helping in an emergency situation when a number of people are present

What is kin selection in evolutionary theory?

The preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in the greater likelihood that genes held in common will survive.

Displaced aggression

The targeting of aggression toward a person or entity that is not the true target o Ex. Throwing a pencil at the wall when a boss made you angry

the naïve bystander circle(bystander effect)

The tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present, due to a combination of factors including pluralistic ignorance, diffusion of responsibility, and audience inhibition.

Social facilitation

The tendency for the presence of others to increase the dominant response tendency. For an easy or well-learned task the dominant response tendency is to do well. For a difficult or new task the dominant response tendency is to do poorly.

What is pluralistic ignorance?

The tendency to collectively misinterpret situations when a certain number of individuals are present

Original frustration-aggression hypothesis

The theory that aggression is an automatic response to any blocking of goal-directed behavior Frustration (only frustration) aggression (all forms)

Revised frustration-aggression hypothesis

The theory that any unpleasant stimulation will lead to emotional aggression to the extent that it generates unpleasant feelings Frustration, pain, heat, or any other unpleasant experience

Revised Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

The theory that any unpleasant stimulation will lead to emotional aggression which then leads to aggression Frustration is the product of emotional aggression

parental investment theory

Theory of why women are generally more caring (one man with many wives is more common than the vice-versa)

relational aggression theory

aggression that is focused on the destruction of relationships or social status.

Direct aggression

attempt to hurt WITH face 2 face . EX Physical

Indirect aggression

attempt to hurt but not Face 2 face. EX Rumors, mostly teenage girls

Thantos

drive to destroy/drive to halt - battles with eros

Instrumental aggression

hurting someone to accomplish nonaggressive goal. EX. War, mother spanking child to get behavior to stop.

displacement

if boss makes you angry you and want to punch him in the face you displace your anger by punching the wall instead because you want to you're your job.

the hostile expectation bias

refers to the tendency to assume that people will react to potential conflicts with aggression.

Eros

the sexual component to life, the intimate love

Social loafing

the tendency for individuals to produce less or not work as hard when working with others.

pluralistic ignorance

the tendency to collectively misinterpret situations when a number of individuals are present.

the norm of reciprocity

when others do something for us, we feel an obligation to do something for them.

Jocasta

wife of Laius and mother/wife of Oedipus; kills herself when she learns truth of what happened describes the latent love a mother has for her son

What does bystander intervention research tell us about helping behavior?

• Make the emergency situation noticeable • Make it obvious that the event is an emergency • Make sure someone takes responsibility for providing help (single someone out) • Make the type of help you need evident and do what you can to reduce costs and increase benefits

What kinds of games do social psychologists use to study competition/cooperation?

• Non-Zero Sum Games: Games in which outcomes need not to sum to zero; With cooperation, both can win, and with competition, both can lose • Zero Sum Games: One player's gain is another player's loss

What situational factors can go in to suppressing helping behavior?

• Risk > Reward • We may be in a hurry • Others are around us (diffusion of responsibility and audience inhibition) • Perceived relationship between individuals • Event seems ambiguous

What is our need to belong?

• The need for frequent positive contact with others • The need for enduring connections marked by mutual concern for the welfare of the others

What general pattern describes human heterosexual mating preferences?

• Women: Prefer status over age and attractiveness. evolutionary thought-needed help to raise offspring and wanted a good strong mate to provide food and whatnot • Men: Prefer attractiveness overall (Younger men prefer older women; Older men prefer younger women) Evolutionary- looked at who could reproduce the healthiest and best offspring.