PSY 360 Chapter 8

Which of the following statements is TRUE about individuals with an eating disorder?

All of these statements tend ot be accurate.

Which of the following genetic factors does NOT contribute to obesity?

Fat cell shape

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Once bulimia nervosa develops, it tends to be chronic if untreated.

Rose sleeps about 8 hours each night. She awakens feeling fine and well rested, but she tends to fall asleep about 2 or 3 times during the day. We can conclude that

Rose would be diagnosed with hypersomnolence disorder if her symptoms cause disruptions or distress in her life

Which of the following might help to explain the vast differences in the incidence of eating disorders among men and women?

The fact that puberty brings boys' bodies closer to the societal ideal and girls' bodies further from the societal ideal

Which of the following is NOT true about the relationships between the media and attitudes about body shape?

The media has no impact on body image.

In which of the following situations is Bill, who has narcolepsy, most likely to experience cataplexy?

While jumping up and cheering for his favorite team

The chief motivating factor in both anorexia nervosa nervosa and bulimia nervosa is

an overwhelming urge to be thin.

Amy is a young woman who is very competitive and comes from a high achieving, wealthy family. She is very social and likes the fact that she is quite popular. She believes that her popularity is dependent on the weight and shape of her body. Amy has a boyfriend but worries that she may care more about their relationship than he does. The feature that puts Amy most at risk for an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa is her

belief that her weight and body shape influence her popularity.

Research reported in your text conducted by Grilo, Masheb, & Wilson (2006) found that patients with binge-eating disorder who responded rapidly to cognitive-behavioral therapy (by the fourth week) tended to

have good responses to therapy both in the short and long term.

One biological factor that has been related to individuals who experience insomnia is ______.

higher body temperature

The death rate (including suicide) due to anorexia nervosa is

higher than that any psychological disorder reviewed in your text.

Dietary restraint studies suggest that people who are starved

may become preoccupied with food and eating.

The strongest contributions to etiology of eating disorders seem to be _________.

sociocultural

Binge-eating disorder is characterized by _____________.

a lack of compensatory behaviors

Sleepwalking is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

acting out a dream.

.Mothers of girls with anorexia nervosa tend to be __________.

all of the above

Benzodiazepine medication is not recommended as a long-term solution for the treatment of insomnia because of

all of these

Matilda has had anorexia nervosa for several years. She started losing weight because her family said she needed to lose a few pounds. A crucial part of treatment for Matilda is family therapy that focuses on the issues regarding

all of these

One method of preventing obesity that has been suggested is

all of these

With respect to eating disorders, drug treatments

all of these

Lack of adequate sleep has a negative effect on ____________.

all of these choices

With regard to the biological influences of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, the most accurate statement is

although the studies are still limited, there appears to be some biological influence in the development of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

On the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 8, Susan mentioned that she often compensated for eating by purging. She indicated that her weight has been as low as 87 pounds. Her diagnosis is ____________.

anorexia nervosa

Studies of foreign-born students who are attending Western universities show that

anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are observed in some students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist.

People with bulimia nervosa often present with additional psychological disorders, particularly ________ and ________.

anxiety disorders; mood disorders

Of the following, the group in which we would expect to see the highest incidence of anorexia nervosa is

ballet dancers.

The proposal that we should discuss taxing high calorie, fat, or sugar foods to control obesity has

been viewed as a means of deterring unhealthy eating and raising money to combat obesity.

The most significant feature of bulimia nervosa is ____________.

binge eating followed by compensatory behavior

Individuals who experience loss of control of their eating and consume great quantities of food but do not engage in any attempts to compensate for their binge would be diagnosed with

binge-eating disorder.

Adolescents tend to shift toward a

biologically determined later sleep schedule.

Outcome research regarding the long-term success of treatment for eating disorders indicates that

bulimia nervosa patients tend to have a better prognosis than anorexia nervosa patients.

A common medical complication found in both bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa is ____________.

cessation of menstrual cycle

An important aspect of the cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of bulimia nervosa involves

changing patients' dysfunctional thoughts regarding their weight and previous weight control strategies.

Many clinicians suggest that the most difficult part of treatment for anorexia nervosa, and the part of treatment where many anorexic individuals are not successful, is

changing their attitudes regarding body shape and addressing interpersonal disruptions in their lives.

A severe difficulty in regulating sleep that is induced by jet lag or by working rotating shifts is an example of ___________.

circadian rhythm sleep disorder

Individuals with night eating syndrome

consume a third of their daily intake after their evening meal.

As we grow older, it seems that the amount of sleep that we require __________.

decreases

The most common reason that anorexic individuals generally do not seek treatment on their own is that they

do not truly believe that they are too thin.

Individuals who feel tired and cranky all day despite falling asleep at a normal hour and awakening at their usual time are most likely suffering from a(n) _____________.

dyssomnia

Of the following, the correct pairing is _______________.

dyssomnia - inability to fall asleep

The most serious medical consequence of bulimia nervosa is potential _____________.

electrolyte imbalance

Of the following, the only symptom that both patients with narcolepsy and patients with hypersomnolence disorder experience is

falling asleep during normal waking hours.

Susan, who described her experience with anorexia nervosa on the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 8, said that as soon as she eats, she

gains weight.

Individuals suffering from primary insomnia

have difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep.

Studies suggest that young males would often prefer to be ____________ than they are.

heavier

The males most likely to develop an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa are those who are _________.

homosexual

Sam sleeps for 8 or more hours every night but never feels rested. He can't understand why he is always tired despite the fact that he reports no difficulties with the quality or quantity of his sleep. Of the following, Sam's most likely diagnosis is ____________.

hypersomnolence disorder

Between 1960 and 1995, most Western countries experienced a dramatic

increase in the incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Genetic influences on eating disorders most likely involve

inherited personality traits that may make development of an eating disorder more likely.

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by

interruption of air flow without cessation of respiratory activity.

Fred has been having a great deal of trouble initiating and maintaining sleep. He guesses that he is sleeping for an average of about 3 hours each night and complains that he feels terrible during the day. In addition, Fred has always experienced some anxiety but has recently felt a tremendous increase in his overall anxiety level. The existence of both a sleep disorder and anxiety

is extremely common since sleep problems can be both a cause and a result of anxiety.

Surgical treatments are likely to be the

last line of treatment for the very obese.

Samantha started having difficulty falling asleep during final exam week. Although exams are over, she now starts to worry about sleep right after dinner. Even the sight of her bed makes her very anxious. The fact that Samantha's insomnia continues long after the stress of exams is over points to the role of ___________ in the maintenance of sleep disorders.

learning

Jill has been in treatment for anorexia nervosa for the past two months. Over this time, she has gained weight to the point where her weight is in the average range for a woman of her height. The fact that she gained weight fairly quickly in treatment means

little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long term.

When women are asked to identify the most attractive female body weight, they typically identify a weight that is

lower than the weight identified by men.

When attempting to "reset the biological clock" of an individual with a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, it is generally easier and more effective to

make the patient's bedtime later.

The intent of taxing the purchase of unhealthy foods would be to

make unhealthy foods less attractive to consumers.

The increase in the incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa has been referred to as a "collision between our culture and our physiology." The most accurate interpretation of this statement is that

media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman.

Two factors that help regulate our natural sleep/wake cycles are

melatonin and light.

While a patient sleeps, a polysomnographic evaluation collects data on all of the following characteristics EXCEPT _________.

metabolic rate

Susan, a woman of relatively normal weight, sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food with no ability to stop herself. She follows this with long periods of complete fasting. Based on this information, Susan

might be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.

Bariatric surgery is

more successful than dieting for the treatment of the very obese.

While suddenly and unexpectedly falling asleep during normal waking hours, Sarah experiences vivid hallucinations of being in a horrible car crash. The experience is so realistic that she actually feels physical sensations as if the hallucination were real. Sarah's most likely diagnosis is _______.

narcolepsy

With regard to treatment for eating disorders, Prozac is considered to be an effective treatment in the long term for

neither anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

The different types of sleep apnea are

obstructive, central, and sleep-related hypoventilation.

After engaging in an extended session of binge eating, Thomas goes to the bathroom and makes himself vomit. He thinks that he has removed all of the food he consumed from his stomach, but in fact he will only have removed around _____ percent of the calories he consumed.

one-half

The families of anorexia nervosa patients are typically characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

open communication.

Weight reduction efforts by girls tend to result in ______________.

overall weight loss

Abnormal events such as nightmares, sleep terrors, and sleepwalking that occur during sleep or during the twilight time between sleep and waking are classified as _________.

parasomnias

In studies of Internet-based eating disorder prevention programs (Winzelberg et al., 2000) such as the "student bodies program,"

participants reported improvement in body image and decreased drive for thinness.

Cataplexy as experienced by patients with narcolepsy can be characterized by

physical collapse.

The most comprehensive evaluation of sleep is performed by a(n) ______________ evaluation.

polysomnographic

The most successful weight loss programs are

professionally directed behavior modification programs.

Sleep disorders are appropriately diagnosed based on the

quality and quantity of sleep as well as daytime sequelae (how the individual feels when awake).

Sleep studies suggest that around 28% of Americans

report feeling excessively sleepy during the day.

Programs that have the best chance of success for preventing eating disorders

should be administered to all girls 15 years of age or older to prevent the disorder from developing.

Recent research (Eddy, et al., 2002) suggests that the restricting and bingeing/purging subtypes of anorexia nervosa

show few differences in severity of symptoms.

Studies of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa have demonstrated

significant short- and long-term gains in reduction of binge eating and purging.

An individual who wakes up feeling that there are other people in the room but is unable to move or say anything may be experiencing

sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations associated with narcolepsy.

All of the following are examples of causes of circadian rhythm sleep disorder EXCEPT ____________

sleep rebound

An early stage of Phoebe's cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa will likely involve

small, frequent meals.

Individuals with a sleep efficiency of 90%

spend 10% of their "bed time" awake.

Medical treatments for severe sleep apnea include medication, mechanical devices, and _______.

surgery

One major problem with the use of medication in the treatment of bulimia nervosa is that

the beneficial effects of the medication may be short-term.

Seriously obese adolescents are most likely to lose weight with

the use of behavioral treatments.

The best evidence that binge-eating disorder (BED) may not just be a special case of bulimia nervosa is that

there is a greater likelihood of remission and a better response to treatment for BED.

The reason that antidepressant medications are sometimes used to treat narcolepsy is that

these medications suppress REM sleep that can trigger cataplexy.

The most important and immediate goal in the treatment of a patient with anorexia nervosa is ________________.

weight gain

Jody sometimes eats more than just about any other girl that you know. You wonder if her eating sometimes could be considered bingeing. In order to determine this, you would have to know

whether eating gets to be out of her control.

Individuals with bulimia nervosa are typically

within 10% of their "normal" weight.

The median age of onset for all eating disorders is ____________ years of age.

18 to 21

When individuals with anorexia nervosa are evaluated over long periods of time, it has been found that the percentage of individuals who die as a result of their disorder is ______.

20%

Approximately ___ of anorexia nervosa deaths are due to suicide.

20-30%

When men are asked to identify the ideal male body, they typically select a body weight that is about

28 pounds more muscular than their own.

The percentage of the general population that reports some symptoms of insomnia during any given year is approximately __________.

33%

As of 2008, the percentage of the adult population of the United States with a body mass index in the obese range was about __________.

34%

Average weight loss on diet programs such as Atkins and Weight Watchers is _______.

4-7 pounds

Studies have found that adolescent girls of which race/ethnicity had less body dissatisfaction, fewer weight concerns, and a more positive body image when compared to Caucasian adolescent girls?

African Americans

Which of the teenage girls described below is at greatest risk for developing an eating disorder?

Alice is currently on a diet; her friends also diet aggressively.

Which of the following young women appears to be at the highest risk for developing an eating disorder?

Bonnie, whose family is perfectionistic, successful, and eager to maintain harmony

One intriguing result from the studies comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for bulimia nervosa is the finding that

CBT is more effective in the short term, but IPT patients "catch up" and will do as well as CBT patients one year after treatment.

A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for the treatment of bulimia nervosa indicates that one year after treatment,

CBT was superior to IPT.

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to the treatment of binge-eating disorder?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-help appear to be effective.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Depression may be a reaction to bulimia nervosa.

Which of the following conditions is thought to be a potential explanation for UFO experiences?

Hypnagogic hallucinations

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to drug treatments for patients with anorexia nervosa?

Medications have not generally been found to be effective for the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Sleep research suggests that

REM sleep is related to depression.

Which of the following diagnoses would require the noticeable loss of weight?

Anorexia nervosa

With regard to drug treatments for bulimia nervosa patients, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Antidepressants have some effectiveness in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

Obesity is the major factor in ____________.

Type 2 diabetes

Martin sits up every night screaming. He does not remember these terrors nor is he easily awakened or comforted. What should Martin's mother do?

Use scheduled awakenings to briefly awaken Martin before an attack occurs.