Psy 370 CH 9

Insomnia must last for at least __________ months and occur at least __________ times a week for a diagnosis of insomnia disorder.

3;3

__________ sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which breathing problems may involve heart-related problems or chronic use of opioid drugs.

Central

Dusan often wanders around at night and performs various actions, including cooking a meal, although he is technically asleep. Which of the following statements best describes his nightly activities?

Dusan is likely in non-REM sleep when sleepwalking.

Tyler is a pilot who often changes time zones as part of his job. This constant time zone change has resulted in an ongoing mismatch between his sleep schedule and his natural, internal sleep-wake cycle. He would likely be diagnosed as having

circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder

Jeannie has been diagnosed with a binge-eating disorder. If she seeks the current treatment of choice for this disorder, she will undergo __________ therapy.

cognitive behavioral

insomnia

difficulties falling asleep, remaining asleep, or achieving restorative sleep

hypnagogic hallucinations

hallucinations occurring at the threshold between wakefulness and sleep onset or shortly upon awakening

Claire was sleepy all the time, taking naps every afternoon for 2-3 hours. Even though she was sleeping through the night, she had trouble awakening in the morning. This continued for several months. Claire was most likely experiencing

hypersomnolence disorder

The most common type of narcolepsy is called narcolepsy/__________ deficiency syndrome, and involves a deficiency in the brain of a protein-like molecule produced by the __________ that plays an important role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle.

hypocretin; hypothalamus

Which of the following involves repeated episodes during sleep of snorting or gasping for breath, pauses of breath, or abnormally shallow breathing?

obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

Sleep-Wake Disorders

persistent or recurrent sleep-related problems that cause distress or impaired functioning

Hypersomnolence Disorder

persistent pattern of excessive sleepiness during the day

Research links bulimia nervosa with a history of __________ in childhood.

physical and sexual abuse

Selma's therapist has determined that her anorexia nervosa was caused by her unconscious effort to remain a prepubescent child. Selma's therapist is most likely a __________ theorist.

psychodynamic

Eating disorders

psychological disorders characterized by disturbed patterns of eating and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight

Sixteen-year-old Sarah suffers from anorexia nervosa. She counts calories, exercises continuously, and has a very rigid and controlled personality. Which of the following best describes her particular subtype of anorexia nervosa? (more than one answer may apply)

restrictive type; obsessiveness

Jordyn takes an SSRI-type antidepressant to help treat her bulimia nervosa. It works by regulating the levels of

serotonin

breathing-related sleep disorders

sleep disorders in which sleep is repeatedly disrupted by difficulty breathing normally

Jin has narcolepsy. Sometimes she is incapable of moving or talking when she first awakens in the morning. This inability to move is referred to as

sleep paralysis

A few hours after he went to bed, Diane heard a scream from her two-year-old son. When she went in to check on him she found him sitting up in bed, sweating and extremely upset, not fully awake. After a few minutes he fell back to sleep. Diane's son was most likely experiencing

sleep terrors

circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders

sleep-wake disorders characterized by a mismatch between the body's normal sleep-wake cycle and the demands of the environment

Parasomnias

sleep-wake disorders involving abnormal behavior patterns associated with partial or incomplete arousals

Joel is working with a therapist for his insomnia. The therapist has instructed Joel to remove his television from the bedroom and not to eat or read in the bed. The technique the therapist is using with Joel is called

stimulus control

Sleep medications for the treatment of insomnia have major drawbacks, including psychological and chemical dependence, carryover effects the next day, rebound insomnia, and

suppression of REM sleep

The learning perspective conceptualizes eating disorders as a(n)

type of weight phobia

In cases of __________, muscle paralysis is absent or incomplete during REM sleep and the person may suddenly kick or flail the arms, potentially causing injuries to the self or the bed partner.

REM sleep behavior disorder

__________ is to a non-REM sleep parasomnia as __________ is to a REM sleep parasomnia.

Sleep terrors; nightmare disorder

Which of the following statements about anorexia nervosa is true?

Some individuals with anorexia nervosa engage in binge eating or purging

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea syndrome

A subtype of breathing-related sleep disorders more commonly called obstructive sleep apnea. It typically involves repeated episodes during sleep of snorting or gasping for breath, pauses of breath, or abnormally shallow breathing.

bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by self-induced purging, accompanied by overconcern with body weight

binge eating disorder

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent eating binges without subsequent purging

Which of the following statements about binge-eating disorder is true?

Both stimulant medication and antidepressants have been shown to reduce binge-eating episodes

Recent research suggests that in some cases of hypersomnia, there is an increase in the activity of __________, a neurotransmitter in the brain that induces feelings of drowsiness.

GABA

Which of the following statements about cataplexy is true?

Individuals who collapse from cataplexy remain conscious but are unable to move.

Which of the following statements about bulimia nervosa is true?

Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to appear normal weight compared to those with anorexia nervosa.

obesity

a condition of excess body fat; generally defined by a BMI of 30 or higher

Cataplexy

a physical condition triggered by a strong emotional reaction that involves loss of muscle tone and voluntary muscle control, which may result in a person slumping or collapsing to the floor

Narcolepsy

a sleep disorder characterized by sudden, irresistible episodes of sleep

insomnia disorder

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by chronic or persistent insomnia not caused by another psychological or physical disorder or by the effects of drugs or medications

Nightmare Disorder

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by recurrent awakenings due to frightening nightmares

sleep terrors

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of terror-induced arousals during sleep

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by vocalizing parts of a dream or thrashing about during a dream

Sleepwalking

a sleep-walk disorder involving repeated episodes of sleepwalking

sleep paralysis

a temporary state of muscle paralysis upon awakening

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, a distorted body image, and intense fears of gaining weight

Arianna fears that she is fat when she is clearly not. She maintains an abnormally low body weight because she fears gaining weight. Arianna has an eating disorder called

anorexia nervosa

Stella, a woman with bulimia nervosa, is working with a therapist. Stella's therapist has her eat "forbidden" foods while she stands by to prevent vomiting until the urge to purge passes. The therapist is using a __________ technique called __________.

behavioral; exposure with response prevention

Myra, age 40, developed obesity in her thirties and is now 60 pounds overweight. Myra is known to consume several meat-lovers pizzas and breadsticks within the course of an evening. Although she is depressed after eating so much, Myra does nothing to compensate for her large caloric consumption. Myra has engaged in this pattern of behavior at least once a week for several months. The diagnosis that best matches Myra's behaviors is

binge-eating disorder

Theresa is a normal weight for a girl her age and height, but she is obsessed with the idea that she is too fat. She often goes without eating all day, and then in the middle of the night sneaks into the kitchen and eats everything she can find. A typical episode might include an entire roasted chicken with mashed potatoes and gravy, some bread, and a half gallon of ice cream. Afterward, she always goes to the bathroom to throw up the food. Theresa most likely would be diagnosed with

bulimia nervosa

According to the principles of classical conditioning, the development of chronic insomnia can be explained as the result of pairing anxious, sleepless nights with stimuli associated with the bedroom. Heightened arousal when entering the bedroom then becomes the conditioned response, elicited by __________ in the bedroom—even the mere sight of the bed.

conditioned stimuli