Psy 380 exam 1

Dependency Cases

-initial hearing -removal of child needs a petition within 48 hours -prove parent unable/unwilling to provide necessities or are abusing -many cases never reach court -CPS act as gatekeeper

Why is it difficult to determine prevalence (Commonness)

-most not reported -difficulty in research and studying, ethics

Individual

(sense of an individual; age, sex, health, etc)

chronosystems:

challenges and continuities over time and environments (9/11, Natural disasters, ressecion)

_______ are more likely to experience death as a result of maltreatment

children < 1 year old

Empey et al.'s: Preoccupation with childhood

children dependent on parents

Empey et al.'s: discovery of childhood

children seen as special

Plea bargaining →

defendant pleads guilty but takes a lesser sentence

Diversion program

drug court/ mental health court

Microsystems

face to face interactions to imediate enviroment

Mesosystems-

ineraction of 2 microsystems (ex: parents meet to talk to child teacher

What are status offenses?

A status offense is a noncriminal act that is considered a law violation only because of a youth's status as a minor. Ex: Truancy, running away from home and underage use of alcohol.

Abuse vs. Neglect

Abuse: Commission- actively doing something to the child Neglect: Omission- taking away from the child

Cases are referred to prosecution in around 50% Why? →

Because strength of case may vary, and it takes away CPS goal to rehabilitate family Exceptions for death of child, extreme physical abuse and sexual abuse

The tools CPS has when responding to report of child maltreatment: high risk-

Court-ordered service, intensive family preservation, child removal, foster care, adoption & criminal prosecution

General problems with research?

Can be unethical Most research is correlational not causal Separating different forms of maltreatment Secrecy that surrounds the whole issue Maltreatment may not be that obvious Definitions Co-occurrence/ Unifying the field

When can a child be removed from a home

Can only be removed 1) Parents consent to the removal 2) Court order or warrant 3) Genuine emergency

Empey et al.'s: Indifference to childhood

Children seen as an inconvenience

What is Battered Child Syndrome?

Diagnosable with medical and physical symptoms The set of symptoms, injuries, and signs of mistreatment seen on a severely or repeatedly abused child Dr. C. Henry Kempe - discovery of child maltreatment

The tools CPS has when responding to report of child maltreatment Low risk-

Early intervention, family support, parent education, housing assistance, and community/neighborhood advocacy

Equifinality vs. multifinality

Equifinality: different beginnings, same ending o Multifinality: similar beginnings, different endings

Risk factors for child abuse

Experience it as a child Substance abuse Culture Stress environment Education

Penalties in AZ if fail to report?

Failing to report child abuse or neglect Class 1 misdemeanor Fail to report a reportable offense, class 6 felony Reportable offense (child prostitution, pornography, incest) 6 months with a max of 1.5 years

The only tool CPS has when responding to report of child maltreatment is removal of the child from the home? True or False

False

Can we distinguish between the different forms of abuse based on outcomes?

For the most part, no. But victims of sexual abuse are more likely to act out sexually, victims of physical abuse are more likely to be aggressive

All of the following are commonly agreed upon traits of children except: a) physical immaturity b) psychological immaturity c) dependent on parents d) In need of love

In need of love

Drawbacks of mandated reporting?

In some cases with children with disabilities it can be hard to judge whether or not the injuries are self inflicted or actual abuse. If it is self abuse, the reporter runs the risk of separating the family. Another drawback is patient confidentiality It may prevent parents from seeking help because they might feel like they cannot be honest with their counselor or psychologist who wants to help them.

What is the purpose of mandated reporting?

Increases awareness Increases reports Protects children Increases access to resources

exosystem:

Individual is not involved but there is an influence by systems of: (media, social welfare, legal services, friends of macro-level)

What is developmental psychopathology

Interrelationship between "normal" and "abnormal" development, as opposed to mental illness as a discrete process

macrosystem:

Larger cultual contexts (laws, ideoligies, values)

Bronfenbrenner's ecological model takes a very broad view of influences on individual behavior. Which "system" includes attitudes and ideologies of culture?

Macrosystem

Which profession was the first to become mandated reporters

Medical professionals Physicians

Bronfenbrenner's ecological model

Microsystems-face to face interactions to imediate enviroment Mesosystems-ineraction of 2 microsystems (ex: parents meet to talk to child teacher exosystem: Individual is not involved but there is an influence by systems of: (media, social welfare, legal services, friends of macro-level) macrosystem: Larger cultual contexts (laws, ideoligies, values) chronosystems: challenges and continuities over time and environments (9/11, Natural disasters, ressecion)

Databases where child maltreatment statistics come from

National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) FBI Uniform Crime Report National Incidence Study (NIS)

Commonly agreed upon traits of children

Physically immature - Psychologically immature - Dependent on parents - Require socialization/rearing - Children are not responsible for their lives/actions

Which professions was the first to become mandated reporters?

Physicians

less agreed upon traits of children

Require separation from adults o Need foods, clothing, and toys o Absolutely require loving, supportive, educational environment

The adoption assistance and Child Welfare Act and adoption and safe families act set ________ as a primary goal for CPS?

Reunification

Primary goal of CPS

Reunification of family Investigating reports of maltreatment Providing treatment services Coordinating the services offered by other agencies in the community to child victims and their families Implementing preventive services

what are the legal rights of children

Right to counsel ◦Right to notice (although usually goes to surrogate) ◦Right to hearing ◦Right to a family life

What are legal rights of parents?

Right to raise children ◦ Right to be informed of rights ◦ Right to notice ◦ Right to counsel ◦ Right to a hearing ◦ Right to confront and cross-examine ◦ Rights expand in the context of criminal proceedings

The tools CPS has when responding to report of child maltreatment moderate risk-

Safety plans, family support, and community support agencies

What are the challenges when interviewing children?:

Short attention-span Child's developmental level will affect their understanding and report of events Overwhelming Memories may be working differently Language barrier & understanding what is going on May not understand time the way adults do

Two outcomes to the investigation/initial assessment by CPS

Substantiated/founded Unsubstantiated/unfounded

What does mandated reporting refer to?

The legal requirement to report suspected child maltreatment

How do they determine whether a case of child maltreatment is substantiated?

Whether the harm to the child is severe enough to constitute maltreatment and whether there is sufficient evidence to support the incident as a case of child maltreatment

Defining resilience

requires a stressor to happen The experience of chronic stress or severe adversity, or exposure to prolonged or severe trauma The achievement of positive adaptation despite major assaults on the developmental process The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties

Is substantiated or unsubstantiated more common?

unsubstantiated