PSY 410 Exam 2 Quiz Q's

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests:

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to:

produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories.

Believing that a particular statement is true simply because you have seen the statement in previous instances is known as the ________ effect.

propaganda

In which concept is an individual's knowledge most important?

schema

The three structural components of the modal model of memory are:

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

According to memory research, studying is most effective if study sessions are:

short and across several days

A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with ___________ memory.

short-term

Digit span is one measure of capacity of:

short-term memory

According to your text, the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT:

task cueing

One function of ___________ is to pull information out of long-term memory.

the central executive

The primary effect of chunking is to:

increase the efficiency of short-term memory

Which of the following is the process by which features such as color, form motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object?

Binding

Free recall of the stimulus list "apple, desk, shoe, sofa, plum, chair, cherry, coat, lamp, pants" will most likely yield which of these response patterns?

"apple, cherry, plum, shoe, coat, pants, lamp, chair"

Illusory conjunctions are:

combinations of features from different stimuli.

Which of the following stimulus characteristics most challenges the processing capacity of short-term memory?

complexity

Which of the following represents the most effective chunking of the digit sequence 14929111776?

1492 911 1776

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory?

Because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.

Which of the following options would NOT be an important factor in automatic processing?

Close attention

___________ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.

Consolidation

Which statement below is most closely associated with levels of processing theory?

Deep processing involves paying closer attention to a stimulus than shallow processing and results in better processing.

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

Dichotic listening

___________ memories are to experiences as ___________ memories are to facts.

Episodic; semantic

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects:

Intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory

Suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list, while your roommate is watching TV in the next room. A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on tv. Although you are not paying attention to the tv, you suddenly remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list. Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention?

Late selection

Which of the following involves procedural memory?

Reading a sentence in a book

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for ______ memories.

Remote

___________ cues help us remember information that has been stored in memory.

Retrieval

In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated?

Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.

From a cognitive psychology perspective, memories from specific experiences in our life are defined as being ________.

autobiographical

Explicit memory is to ___________ as implicit memory is to ___________.

aware; unaware

Murdoch's "remembering a list" experiment described the serial position curve and found that memory is best for ___________ of a list.

both the first and last words

The ability to focus on one stimulus while filtering out other stimuli is called:

cocktail party effect

Brief sensory memory for sound is known as:

echoic memory

Elementary school students in the US are often taught to use the very familiar word "HOMES" as a cue for remembering the names of the Great Lakes/ This memory procedure usually works better than repeating the names over and over. The use of this familiar word provides an example of:

elaborative rehearsal

According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on the depth at which information is:

encoded

Each time you briefly pause on one face, you are making a(n) ______________.

fixation

The concept of reconsolidation is based on the ________ of retrieved memories.

fragility

A bottom-up process is involved in fixating on an area of a scene that:

has high stimulus salience

According to Tulving, the defining property of the experience of episodic memory is that:

it involves mental time travel.

A high threshold in Treisman's model of attention implies that:

it takes a strong signal to cause activation

Scene schema is:

knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene.

If you are folding towels while watching television, you may find that you don't have to pay much attention to the act of folding while keeping up with the storyline on the TV show. Folding the towels would be an example of a(n) ________ task.

low-load

The use of a machine that tracks the movement of one's eyes can help reveal the shifting of one's __________ attention.

overt

Physiological studies indicate that damage to the brain's ___________ can disrupt behaviors that depend on working memory.

prefrontal cortex

This multiple-choice question is an example of a ___________ test.

recognition

Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on:

reconsolidation

A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in:

remembering graduating from college.

The notion that faster responding occurs when enhancement spreads within an object is called:

same-object advantage

Information remains in sensory memory for:

seconds or a fraction of a second

Rehearsal is important for transferring information from:

short-term memory to long-term memory

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as encoding:

specificity

The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is:

strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.

The recency effect found in a serial position curve can be eliminated if:

subjects perform another task for 30 seconds, suggesting that the recency effect is caused by retrieval from STM.

Jenkins and Russell (1952) presented a list of words like "chair, apple, dish, show, cherry, sofa" to participants. In a test, participants recalled the words in a different order than the order in which they were originally presented. This result occurred because of the:

tendency of objects in the same category to become organized

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when:

the color and the name differed

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because:

the filter eliminates unattended information at the beginning of the information flow.

The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that ___________ is crucial for the formation of long-term memories.

the hippocampus

When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light. This occurs because:

the length of iconic memory is about a fraction of a second.

According to Treisman's attenuation model, which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?`

the word "platypus"

The ability to manipulate information in memory temporarily while remembering something else is called:

working memory

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that:

working memory is engaged in processing information.

___________ consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale.

Systems