Psy 463 Exam 3

As described in the text, "tunnel vision" occurs when:

people experience the fight-or-flight response and have a better memory for the salient details of the threat but a poor memory for peripheral details.

What is NOT one of the responses of the body to stress?

dilation of blood vessels

What is the difference between unilateral and bilateral aggression?

- Unilateral aggression: aggressive acts are perpetrated only by one partner - Bilateral aggression: by both partners

_______ refers to the explicit agreement between two committed partners that each has the option of pursuing sexual or emotional connections with other people.

An open relationship

Which of the following is NOT true about rates of infidelity?

Estimates of infidelity are lower for men than for women.

In a study of couples where one partner was studying for the New York State bar exam, how did the stress crossover effect change in the 4 weeks immediately preceding the exam date?

The stress crossover effect became weaker—the closer to the exam date, the less the examinee's stress affected the partner's mood.

Approximately ___ percent of people in gay and lesbian relationships have cheated on a past partner.

40 to 60

According to the chapter, which of the following is NOT a reason low-income couples experience more difficulties in maintaining enduring relationships?

They do not value marriage as an institution.

Perpetrators of coercive controlling violence are sometimes referred to as:

batterers

Which of the following predicts a child's use of aggression in intimate relationships in early adulthood?

exposure to unskilled parenting

Describe situational couple violence (SCV).

•Conflict interaction that gets out of hand and turns physical −Pushing, grabbing, shoving are most common acts •Both genders as likely to be victims & perpetrators -SCV is reactive: reflects partners' frustration/hostility resulting from conflict -Most strongly predicted by situational factors •E.g., stress, alcohol

How does sex contribute to physical and general well-being?

•Older adults who have more sex have: −Fewer heart problems −Better performance on cognitive tasks −Better memory •Physical intimacy reduces physical symptoms •Sex affects hormone levels

Explain the I^3 model of situational couple violence.

•People are likely to enact IPV when the urge to be violent exceeds the constraints on that urge - Instigating triggers: Situational stimuli that evoke urge to aggress E.g., stress, rejection, conflict - Impelling influences: Situational or dispositional factors influencing instigator's urge to aggress in this situation E.g., personality traits, poor communication skills, violent family of origin - Inhibiting influences: Situational or dispositional factors influencing individual's how strongly the individual acts upon urge to aggress in this situation rather than overriding urge in favor of nonviolent response E.g., Self-control, conscientiousness, social norms

How does a sexual partner's responsiveness affect one's sexual satisfaction?

-we are most likely to feel understood, validated, and cared for by our partners when they are responsive >> satisfying sex -communication, mutual respect

According to research on college students (average age, 21), the association between willingness to engage in a romantic relationship peaks at ____ sexual partners and declines at ______ sexual partners.

2 to 3; 5 to 8

Women tend to spend _____ hour(s) on household chores for every ______ hour(s) spent by men.

1.6; 1

According to the National Poll on Healthy Aging, adults between the ages of _____ and _____ describe their sex life as satisfying.

65; 80

Whose relationship is most likely to end?

DeAnda and Kevin's, because they have high substitutability in their social network

Jacko criticizes Irma's cooking. Given the research on how stress affects explanations for partner behavior, what is most true?

If they are experiencing a lot of external stress, Irma will be more likely to blame Jacko for his comment.

1. Explain the differences between chronic and acute stressors. What are examples of each? How do acute events impact relationships? What implications do chronic conditions have for intimate relationships?

- Acute events: circumstances with relatively clear onset and likely endpoint •E.g., car accident, minor arguments, job interview, temporary illness - Chronic conditions: stressors that persist over time (stable & enduring) •E.g., chronic illness, poverty, living in high-crime area •Chronic conditions tend to be more harmful to relationship than are acute events - When an acute event, such as a car accident, happens to a couple, the extent to which it affects the relationship depends on chronic conditions, such as the resources the couple has for responding to the situation. - surviving a natural disaster together seems to have led some couples to decide to get married and have children at the same time that it led other couples to break up. - Chronic conditions and acute events can interact; a relationship may suffer when resources are inadequate to manage an acute event, but with adequate resources, a stressful episode could bring a couple closer together.

Explain approach and avoidance motives in the context of sexual behavior. How does each type of motivation affect sexual satisfaction?

- Approach motives involve the desire to pursue rewards - Avoidance motives involve the desire to avoid costs Approach motives are more strongly associated with satisfying sexual interactions than avoidance motives. - High approach (but not avoidant) goals buffer against declines in sexual desire over time

Define network composition. How much overlap between partners' networks do couples report? How is network overlap related to partners' commitment to their relationship?

- Network composition: the kinds of relationships and connections that make up each partner's social network. •Network overlap: extent to which partners' individual networks include the same people. - the more partners know each other's friends and share the same connections, the happier they are and the more likely they are to stay together over time.

How do researchers define social networks? What is the difference between one's psychological network and one's interactive network?

- Social Networks: the families, friendships, neighborhoods, clubs, and institutions that connect those two individuals. - psychological network: people who play important roles - interactive network: those with whom a person interacts regularly

How effective is therapy for couples seeking treatment following infidelity?

- divorce rates in small clinical studies commonly exceed 35% for couples seeking treatment after infidelity, with many more remaining unhappily married - Treatments now build on the assumption that infidelity is an interpersonal trauma: Many couples reportedly benefit from this approach, particularly if they can learn to manage feelings of anger when they are together and feelings of mistrust when they are apart.

How does evolutionary biology help us understand infidelity (i.e., extra-pair mating)?

- extrapair mating provided our ancestors with a reproductive advantage. •For women, 40% of infidelity is related to genetic factors, and for men, 62% is related •E.g., low dopamine sensitivity is related to higher likelihood of seeking out extrapair sexual experiences

How does stress affect our memory of events and performance on complex cognitive tasks? What implications do these effects have for intimate relationships?

- more likely to rely on stereotypes to understand other people - take longer to solve complicated thought problems - Although they have better memory for the central details of events, they have poor memory for the peripheral details; they have "tunnel vision" - The difference between a simple misunderstanding and a long negative interaction often lies in the ability of one partner to resist the urge to behave negatively in response to the other.

According to Hill's (1949) ABC-X model of family stress, what factors predict the relationship outcomes associated with experiencing stress?

- the nature of their coping skills determined the influence of stressors on the relationship. A = Stressor •E.g., having a baby, changing jobs, moving, falling sick B = Resources •E.g., money, friends who can help, church group C = Interpretation of the event •E.g., as a challenge; as a negative experience X = Crisis: How the couple experiences and responds to the stressor •E.g., the couple feels positive about being able to meet the challenge of moving; the couple becomes frustrated over their inability to find a daycare they like and can afford

How can external stress (i.e., stress occurring outside of a relationship) affect stress within the relationship? What are the roles of stress pile-up, stress spillover, and stress cross-over in this phenomenon?

- when outside stress was high, these same couples were more likely to blame their partners for their negative behaviors. - when people are having stress outside their relationships, they are also likely to have problems within their relationships, including less satisfaction. - Stress pile-up: Chronic stress (accumulation of events over time); typically more harmful for relationships •Many resources used to maintain relationships & respond to stress are limited •E.g., time, money, energy - Stress spillover: stress from one area of someone's life has an impact on other areas •E.g., Partner A's work stress impacts how thoughts about and behavior toward Partner B - Stress crossover: stress faced by one partner impacts the other partner •E.g., Partner A's work stress impacts how Partner B thinks about and acts toward Partner A

How does sexual intimacy help protect the relationships of insecurely attached individuals and those high in neuroticism against negative relationship outcomes?

-among couples who have sex relatively often, spouses high in negative affectivity are just as satisfied with their relationships as spouses low in negative affectivity. -A healthy sex life may compensate for other relationship problems in otherwise vulnerable couples. -the effects of insecure attachment disappear in couples who have sex more often -Having a partner who is sensitive and responsive around sex can actually change a person's attachment style

Uncertainty and suspicion about a partner's faithfulness can eventually lead to:

a decrease in trust

1. in Western society, how prevalent is the expectation of monogamy in relationships? 2. What role does sexual orientation play in how couples define monogamy?

1. Approximately 95% of people expect emotional and sexual exclusivity in their relationships (Watkins & Boon, 2016) •Assume monogamy 2. gay and lesbian couples are more likely than straight couples to discuss and define relationship boundaries, and to be flexible in how they define and enact monogamy

1. Describe coercive controlling violence (CCV) and violent resistance. 2. What cycle does CCV generally follow? 3. What personality traits are more prevalent among those who engage in CCV?

1. CCV aggression is used by one partner—usually the man, in straight couples—to dominate the other partner. Viewed as proactive, in the sense that it reflects a systematic and sustained strategy to intimidate another person and control what he or she is allowed to do. -Violent resistance: An unusual form of aggression in which the victim of severe abuse fights back, even to the point of killing the perpetrator. some abused women fight back, even to the point of killing the perpetrator 2. - Tension-building phase: Angry outbursts stemming from jealousy, desire to control partner - Explosive, acute battering phase: Tension escalates into rage - Contrition phase: Apologizes, promises to change; temporary calm before return to Phase 1 3. antisocial or borderline personality disorder

1. Why do some couples find it difficult to find time for sex? 2. What role does housework play in this phenomenon?

1. During the same period that rates of sex in American couples has declined, the number of hours per week spent working, parenting, and doing household chores has increased. 2. Today, couples have sex more frequently, and are more sexually satisfied, the more equally they divide household labor (in late 1980s & 1990s, couples had sex more often when they divided household chores according to typical gender roles) - Feelings of fairness are also more strongly associated with intimacy for modern couples.

1. What is infidelity? 2. What is the difference between sexual infidelity and emotional infidelity? 3. What behaviors represent sexual infidelity? 4. What behaviors represent emotional infidelity? 5. For whom is each type of infidelity generally more upsetting?

1. Infidelity: violation of an agreement between two people that they will share their intimate, emotional, and sexual lives exclusively with each other. 2. Emotional infidelity: frequently thinking about or interacting with someone in a way that neglects the primary relationship 3. anal/vaginal/oral sex, taking a shower with someone, intimately caressing another person, and intense kissing 4. deep emotional disclosures, kissing and hugging, watching movies together in the dark, or studying together late at night 5. men: sexual infidelity more upsetting women: emotional infidelity more upsetting

1. What are the most common acts of aggression in relationships? 2. Which type of intimate partner violence (i.e., CCV or SCV) is most likely to be associated with severely negative outcomes?

1. Pushing, grabbing, shoving, slapping, throwing objects are the most common acts of situational couple violence. Coercive control is far more likely to result in severe injuries, incidents involving the police, attempted murder, or even death. - Men more likely to strangle, beat up, and choke; women more likely to slap, kick, hit, bite, punch, and hit with object (Archer, 2002) − Men are up to 6x more likely to cause serious injury 2. CCV

1. How does sexual satisfaction differ from relationship satisfaction? 2.How are the two types of satisfaction related to one another? 3. What factors influence the associations between sexual and relationship satisfaction? 4. How do the associations between sexual and relationship satisfaction change throughout a relationship?

1. Relationship satisfaction is each partner's overall evaluation of the relationship as a whole. -Sexual satisfaction is each partner's evaluation of the sexual aspect of the relationship in particular. 2. Because the two ideas are measured the same way (self-reports) and look so similar, people who report higher levels of sexual satisfaction should report higher levels of relationship satisfaction. -couple's relationship satisfaction depends a lot on the quality of their sex life 3. The association is not equally strong for everyone: PERSONAL BELIEFS play a role: Among people who think sex is a really important part of a good relationship, sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction are more strongly linked than for people who think sex is less important. People who believe specific sexual acts are important (e.g., oral sex) are more influenced by whether or not their partner performs that act, compared to people who value that specific practice less. ATTACHMENT STYLE matters, too: compared to partners with a secure attachment style, relationship satisfaction for those with an anxious attachment style is more affected, and relationship satisfaction in avoidant partners is less affected, by the quality of their sexual interactions on a given day. GENDER is another factor: The association between sexual satisfaction and relationship satisfaction is stronger for men than for women, though consistently significant for both. 4. relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction affect each other in both directions. In the early years of an intimate partnership, sexual satisfaction predicts changes in relationship satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction predicts changes in sexual satisfaction. In later years, sexual satisfaction still predicts changes in relationship satisfaction, but relationship satisfaction no longer predicts changes in sexual satisfaction. -Satisfying sex increases relationship satisfaction −Higher relationship satisfaction increases overall sexual satisfaction •Relationships > 10 years: sexual quality predicts overall relationship satisfaction

1. What is consensual nonmonogamy? 2. How do the practices of swinging, open relationships, and polyamory differ from one another?

1. an umbrella term referring to the variety of ways that partners arrange to experience sexual and/or emotional intimacy with multiple people 2. - SWINGING: The practice of committed couples temporarily exchanging partners for sex or including others in their sex life. - OPEN RELATIONSHIP: An explicit agreement between two committed partners that each has the option of pursuing sexual or emotional connections with other people. - POLYAMORY: The practice of engaging in ongoing emotional and sexual relationships with multiple people, with the knowledge and consent of all parties involved.

1. What factors are associated with declines in sexual desire? 2. What factors help partners maintain sexual desire over time?

1. familiarity, security, age (esp. men)- less sex as they get older, -If sexual desire is associated with relationship satisfaction, then desire is likely to decline as relationship satisfaction declines over time. -Desire decreases as relationship longevity increases •Low desire in women is related to familiarity 2. novelty & risk

1. How is sexual frequency related to sexual satisfaction? 2. When do sexual frequency and sexual satisfaction tend to peak in relationships? 3. When do they start to decline?

1. greater sexual frequency might be a result of sexual satisfaction. -people who report having sex once a week are significantly more satisfied than those who report having sex less often (once or twice a month or less), but are just as satisfied as people who have sex more often (2-4 times a week). When it comes to sex, more is not necessarily better. -couples who had been instructed to increase their sexual frequency were less happy by the end of the study. Even though these couples were having more sex, they were enjoying it less and, perhaps as a result, were experiencing less sexual desire as well (sex was a chore). 2. first year 3. second year -Sexual frequency stabilizes after the second year

1. Which emotions are more often associated with emotional infidelity and which are often associated with sexual infidelity? 2. What happens to a relationship and the partners after infidelity occurs?

1. sexual indiscretions tend to elicit high levels of anger in the offended partner, whereas emotional infidelity brings out feelings of hurt and sadness 2. more than half of all married couples will separate or divorce - Infidelity is a leading cause of divorce - Forgiveness is more likely when: •it's an isolated incident •the transgressor admits to infidelity without prompting •the victim's humiliation is lower

1. How does the variety of sexual behaviors in which a couple engages affect their sexual satisfaction? 2. Which acts are most strongly related to sexual satisfaction and regular orgasms?

1. the greater the variety, the more satisfied people were -those most satisfied with their sex lives engaged in each of the behaviors on the list more often than those less satisfied. 2. •Women more satisfied when they consistently reach orgasm −Men more satisfied when their partners consistently reach orgasm -setting the stage for sex (e.g., dimming the lights, playing music, engaging in "sexy talk") -time spent after sex (e.g., cuddling after)

What is the sexual afterglow? How does it affect sexual satisfaction?

A short-term surge in relationship satisfaction and well-being following sex −On average, the afterglow lasts approx. 48 hours −Spouses who experience especially strong afterglow during a 2-week period were buffered against reductions in satisfaction over the ensuing 6 months

In a study with 11,000 adults between the ages of 18 and 28, approximately ________ percent reported experiencing some type of physical aggression.

25

How common is infidelity? How do the rates of infidelity differ according to sexual orientation and gender?

25-30% people in general report ever being unfaithful −23% of men, 12% women report extramarital sex When online, men and women are similar in their pursuit of emotional involvements but differ in more explicit sexual behaviors; about 45% of all men and women had been emotionally involved with someone other than their partner online (e.g., flirting in chat rooms). In contrast, men were three times more likely than women—15% versus 5%—to engage in online sexual infidelity (e.g., sharing sexually provocative pictures, having phone sex) while in their current relationship.

When considering the factors that make up a healthy intimate relationship, how important do people consider sexual intimacy to be?

70% say it's important (2007). When Americans rate the importance of different elements of a successful marriage, the type of sex that couples are having and who they are having it with are ranked as far more important than things like shared interests or agreement on politics, and this pattern has been remarkably stable over time. A happy sexual relationship and faithfulness (i.e., not having sex with anybody else) were rated as by far the most important, beating shared interests, adequate income, and sharing household chores.

Explain the proximal and the distal context. What elements are associated with each?

Proximal context: factors close to the relationship •E.g., social networks, immediate environment •Tends to have a direct impact on relationships - include time of day an interaction takes place, their living conditions, & the friends and family with whom they interact Distal context: more distant factors affecting the relationship •E.g., country of residence •Tends to have an indirect impact on relationships, through the impact on the proximal context - include economic, cultural, and historical conditions

According to scholars using a family sociology perspective and those using an advocacy perspective to examine aggression in relationships, who is most likely to be an aggressor and who is most likely to be a victim?

Advocacy: acts of aggression almost always involved men as perpetrators and women as victims. Family sociology: tended to discover either equal rates of aggression by women and men, or greater rates of aggression by women than men.

How can stress strengthen relationships?

Exposure to moderate stress can help build resilience (e.g., Halford et al., 2000; Neff & Broady, 2011) •Requires relatively good communication and coping skills •Requires adequate resources

In what way can social networks harm relationships?

Substitutability: the degree to which different members of a social network fulfill the same needs for a person. •Access to potential partners •Less of a threat if partners' networks overlap

_________ refers to dating couples who are in turbulent on-again/off-again relationships.

Churning

Under what conditions are people most likely to excuse or tolerate a partner's aggressive behavior?

Committed partners as likely to excuse aggression - Men and women often overlook the importance of abuse or violence in their relationship because they see it as infrequent and as a consequence of some other problem, such as poor communication.

What do intimate relationships researchers mean when they refer to the "context" of an intimate relationship?

Context includes all outside factors that affect a relationship •Physical surroundings •Social involvements •Culture •Historical period Contextual elements range along a continuum: Proximal vs. distal

What is involuntary celibacy?

Going without sex for an extended period of time despite the presence of sexual desire; are rarely satisfied with their relationships, even though they may stay for other reasons (shared children, few alternatives, hope for change in the future)

________ refers to the practice of couples temporarily exchanging partners for sex or including others in their sex life.

Swinging

What individual, relationship, and context factors are associated with a greater likelihood that someone will be unfaithful to a partner?

Individual differences •High openness to experience, high extraversion, low conscientiousness •Sociosexuality: willingness to have sex outside a committed relationship −Stable personality trait −Restricted (less accepting of casual sex, tend to have fewer, longer-lasting relationships) vs. Unrestricted (more accepting of casual sex, have more partners, short relationships, more likely to cheat!) •Insecure attachment: high avoidant/anxious more likely to commit infidelity Relationship factors •Feelings of inequity (under-benefited partner) •Low commitment •Low relationship satisfaction, high quality alternatives −Women more likely to leave current partner for new partner −Men more likely to try to maintain both •Dissatisfaction with sex (Scott et al., 2017) −E.g., boring, monotonous, too infrequent Situational factors (AKA: risky contexts) •Most infidelity occurs with people whom we are familiar or comfortable with −Close friend—54% −Neighbors, co-workers, or long-term acquaintances —29% •Alcohol

What is a negative consequence of the fight-or-flight response?

It weakens one's ability to do complex and deliberative tasks.

Nagging your partner to have sex is a form of what type of coercion?

Less forceful verbal: neutral

How does the stress of being away from one's partner affect those in long-distance relationships?

Like other external demands, long distance restricts face-to-face interaction, thereby minimizing chances for disappointment but also limiting the shared activities that contribute to closeness and intimacy. Long distance increases the cost of maintaining the relationship. Couples who live near each other can interact in person regularly. Their closeness can be confirmed with a touch, a gesture, or a look. But long-distance couples must expend more effort simply to keep in contact. During stressful periods, when partners need each other for support, those in long-distance relationships may have trouble finding the time and resources necessary to reinforce their connection. Long distance means partners will spend lots of time in the company of other people, with the potential for jealousy and infidelity.

Nathalie's partner often gets extremely upset and yells whenever she refuses to have sex with him. Which type of coercion is her partner using?

More forceful verbal

Explain social capital and how it benefits relationships.

Social capital: the advantages people get from their relationships with others. •E.g., prestige, instrumental support, emotional support •Adds to resources available to help cope with stressors - studies have found that couples who are surrounded by a social network approving of the relationship are more satisfied, more committed, and less likely to break up over time.

How does the use of pornography affect relationship satisfaction and commitment among men and women? What effect does it have on evaluations of one's partner? How can pornography use benefit relationships?

The bad... •Contrast effects leading to unrealistic standards, decrease in sexual satisfaction •Frequent use is associated with decreases in: −Sexual satisfaction −Relationship satisfaction −Relationship commitment •Men's use negatively correlated with relationship and sexual satisfaction The good... •Positive correlation between women's use and their own and partner's sexual satisfaction •Positive correlation between couple's shared pornography use and their sexual satisfaction −Also report more open communication and closeness

Research has shown that sex has positive associations with health and well-being. These associations can be best observed in which of the following?

The more physical intimacy partners reported engaging in together on a given day, the lower their experience of physical symptoms, such as headaches and insomnia.

According to research described in the text, what happens to the effects of external stress on intimate relationships when the source of the stress becomes more noticeable?

The more salient the external sources of moderate stress in relationships, the less they affect feelings about the relationship.

Can stress ever be good for relationships?

Yes, especially when couples have the resources and skills to meet the challenge successfully.

How does each of the following theoretical perspectives explain situational couple violence?: a. Sociocultural perspective b. Interpersonal perspective c. Intraindividual perspective

a. Sociocultural perspective: violence in relationships must be understood with reference to forms of aggression that are found in many realms of human behavior: warfare instigated in the name of religious or political agendas; violence depicted in movies, television shows, and video games; and aggression permitted in such sports as mixed martial arts, boxing, and ice hockey. Those adopting a sociocultural view would also observe that people with limited access to valued resources (such as education, a stable job, and a decent home in a good neighborhood) have less invested in existing social structures and therefore have less to lose from violating established standards of behavior. b. Interpersonal perspective: focuses on features within relationships that might spark violence, including their private and passionate nature, their high degree of interdependence, and their tendency to invite conflict c. Intraindividual perspective: focuses on partners' enduring qualities and personal histories, and the ways these factors and experiences might cause them to be aggressive in relationships. -Hostility and emotional insensitivity in the family household early in a child's life—including hostility in parent-child relationships, unskilled parenting, exposure to conflict between parents, and harsh discipline practices—all predict the child's use of aggression in intimate relationships in early adulthood

How satisfied are older adults (> 60 years of age) with their sexual relationships?

among older adults between the ages of 65 and 80, 74% describe their sex life as satisfying

People who are engaged in coercively controlling behaviors are likely to be diagnosed with which personality disorder?

antisocial

Miko has been married to his wife for 1 year. What is Miko likely to identify as the main stressor in his relationship?

balancing his job and marriage

Which of the following is the most common reason people leave their romantic relationships?

breaches of trust

Alissa's partner Dov was recently aggressive toward her; however, she is willing to excuse his behavior. Based on this, they are likely to be in what type of relationship?

committed

Time spent away from one's partner is considered a(n) __________ factor, which can set the stage for infidelity.

context

Jalisa has really appreciated all that her partner Rich has done for her recently, so she decides to have sex with him randomly to show her appreciation. What factor would be associated with Jalisa's reason for having sex?

expression

What are the physiological effects of stress?

eyes dilate lungs relax heart beat increases bp increases stomach & intestines inhibit activity blood vessels contract

Individual characteristics, such as ______________, can put an individual on the "slippery slope" for engaging in infidelity.

feeling neglected

Which of the following is an example of relational characteristics that may lead a partner to "cross the line" related to infidelity?

growing secrecy

Individuals who adhere to a(n) ____________ perspective of aggression are likely to think about personal risk factors as causes of aggression.

intraindividual

Your friend, Patti, confides in you that she and her partner, Patrick, are no longer having sex. She is unhappy with this but has decided to stay with him because they have been together for close to 5 years. Based on this, Patti is experiencing which of the following?

involuntary celibacy

Mia and Georges have been married for 2 years. Georges works long hours in a high paying job so that they can afford their home, while Mia spends her time taking care of their newborn son and completing the household chores. Because of their schedules, they do not spend a lot of time together. What attribute of their relationship is a powerful predictor of divorce?

lack of shared leisure time

Angela watches pornography regularly. She is likely to report ________ with her current partner.

less commitment

Stressor is to ________ as resource is to ________.

losing a job; satisfactory income

Stress external to a relationship can affect stress internal to the relationship. Specifically, external stressors:

lower a couple's capacity to deal with problems effectively

People who report greater sexual satisfaction and more regular orgasms are more likely to report engaging in which of the following, in addition to intercourse?

mutual masturbation and oral sex

Scott and Vinny are in a committed romantic relationship with one another and have decided to engage in physical and emotional intimacy with other people outside of their relationship. This is referred to as:

nonmonogamy

The Kama Sutra and other guides are designed to teach partners how to:

please your partner sexually

James has been trying to increase the frequency of sex he and his partner Dana have. Which of the following is a positive approach he could try with her?

reassuring Dana that he loves her

Chyron's partner recently cheated on him. He is likely to experience all of the following emotions EXCEPT:

relief

According to the chapter, _________ is a driving force of satisfying sex.

responsiveness

All of the following are considered factors that increase the chance for violence EXCEPT:

social media

Joe's job is very stressful. When he comes home, he often feels grouchy, and he yells at his dog. Joe's wife, Karen, gets upset wondering what Joe will be like when he comes home at the end of the workday. She worries that she is starting to get a bit depressed by this. His dog is also starting to ignore him. Joe's grouchiness at home and the effects on his relationship with his wife and dog would be considered an example of:

stress spillover

Xavier and Juanita both work full-time at low-wage jobs to pay the rent on their apartment. While they are at work, Juanita's mother cares for their 18-month-old son. In this scenario, the low wages represent a ________, and Juanita's mother's care represents a ________.

stressor; resource

According to Bronfenbrenner's social ecological theory, which of the following elements is most distal in context for a couple living in Chicago?

the couple's cultural background and gender norms

Men are ______ times more likely to engage in online sexual infidelity online compared to women.

three

Demont was fired at work, and, before he had the chance to tell his wife, Laticia, she began talking about her difficult day managing her coworkers. Feeling frustrated, Demont snapped at Laticia, "Why does everything always have to be about you? Don't you even care what is going on with me?" What phenomenon does Demont's outburst reflect?

tunnel vision

Which of the following is an example of an individual characteristic that may lead a partner to "cross the line" to infidelity?

unmet need for closeness

Carl, a self-identified male, was discussing his most recent sexual encounter with his friends over drinks. He is more likely to report having engaged in which of the following sexual acts?

vaginal intercourse

Linda, a self-identified female, was discussing her most recent sexual encounter with her friends over drinks. She is more likely to report having engaged in which of the following sexual acts?

vaginal intercourse

_________, a hormone involved in mating behavior, is associated with marital crises and threats to divorce.

vasopressin

Women are more likely to report having engaged in which of the following sexual acts?

wearing sexy lingerie/underwear

When are efforts to improve the lives of low-income couples most likely to succeed?

when they acknowledge the challenges couples face

What are stressors and resources, and what are examples of each?How do resources help us respond to stressors?

•Stressors: something that makes demands on a person and requires adjustment, response, or adaptation −Can be positive or negative - E.g., Losing a job, having a child, and recovering from an illness •Resources: sources of practical, social, or emotional support outside of the couple that contribute to ability to respond or adapt to stressors - E.g., a close extended family, a satisfactory income, and a safe neighborhood are resources because these aspects of the environment provide partners with the flexibility to devote time to each other.