PSY Chapter 14 Quiz

A person who feels driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern in order to reduce anxiety is said to subject to: a. dissociative fugue. b. an obsession. c. a compulsion. d. a delusion of being controlled.

c. a compulsion.

The viral infection theory of schizophrenia: a. contends that schizophrenia is caused by the same virus that causes bipolar disorder. b. suggests that men who are over 45 years of age and who have had a history of viral infections are more likely to have children who go on to develop schizophrenia. c. contends that the development of schizophrenia is related to exposure to a virus during prenatal development or early infancy. d. suggests that a viral infection can cause inflammation that reduces or blocks dopamine activity in the brain.

c. contends that the development of schizophrenia is related to exposure to a virus during prenatal development or early infancy.

Some people experience a relatively mild form of mood disorder that is characterized by chronic low-grade depression with symptoms persisting for two years or longer. This less intense type of depression is called: a. seasonal affective disorder. b. cyclothymic disorder. c. dysthymic disorder. d. dissociative disorder.

c. dysthymic disorder.

A(n) _____ is a brief, sudden, uncontrollable episode of acute anxiety and fear that rapidly escalates in intensity and usually includes physical symptoms like a pounding heart, rapid breathing, trembling, and feeling as if you are choking or cannot breathe. a. panic attack b. manic episode c. episode of rapid cycling d. dissociative experience

c. episode of rapid cycling

A commonly seen _____ symptom that occurs in schizophrenia is _____. a. negative; waxy flexibility b. positive; alogia c. negative; flat affect d. positive; avolition

c. negative; flat affect

About _____ of people who experience an initial episode of schizophrenia will develop a chronic, ongoing form of the disease that severely impairs their ability to function. a. one-tenth b. one-quarter c. one-half d. two-thirds

c. one-half

In answer to a question on the exam, Richard wrote the following definition: "Inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations, and that deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture." Richard is describing: a. anxiety disorder. b. dissociative disorder. c. personality disorder. d. mood disorder.

c. personality disorder.

Although she has never told anyone about it, Private Ross is often troubled by flashbacks and nightmares after experiencing high-intensity guerrilla warfare during a tour of duty in Afghanistan. Although she tries to suppress the thoughts, they keep coming back to her. She feels emotionally numb and is beginning to have trouble concentrating at work. Ross's symptoms are an example of: a. taijin kyofusho. b. post-traumatic stress disorder. c. obsessions. d. compulsions.

b. post-traumatic stress disorder

_____ is a medication that is commonly used to help control the symptoms of bipolar disorder. a. Lithium b. Naloxone c. Glutamate d. Lanugo

a. Lithium

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision: a. describes the symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for more than 300 specific psychological disorders. b. is a widely used psychological test that measures a person's level of psychological distress. c. was published in 1952 and describes the symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for 100 specific psychological disorders. d. explains what psychological disorders are, what causes them, and how to cure them.

a. describes the symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for more than 300 specific psychological disorders.

In the months following her graduation from college, Amber has grappled with feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, and despair. In the past several weeks, these feelings have intensified, and Amber has withdrawn from all interaction with her friends and family. Based on this short description, it would appear that Amber is: a. experiencing major depression. b. on the verge of a schizophrenic episode. c. experiencing the classic symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. d. experiencing a type of dissociative fugue.

a. experiencing major depression.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Psychopathology has a low degree of comorbidity, which means that people diagnosed with one mental disorder are very unlikely to be diagnosed with another one. b. Of the different categories of people portrayed on television shows, people with psychological disorders are the most stigmatized. c. As a group, people who have been diagnosed with a mental illness have the highest rate of violent behavior in the United States. d. The line that divides "normal" from "abnormal" behavior is sharply defined and is independent of social or cultural contexts.

b. Of the different categories of people portrayed on television shows, people with psychological disorders are the most stigmatized.

Dr. Zink is a clinical psychologist. Dr. Zink explains to his patient, Dave, that the reason Dave is so prone to panic attacks after he walks up three flights of stairs is that Dave is oversensitive to sensations of physical arousal and tends to irrationally distort the meaning of these sensations as calamitous or disastrous. From reading the chapter, you know that Dr. Zink is actually describing the _____ of panic disorder to Dave. a. abnormal brain chemistry explanation b. catastrophic cognitions theory c. biosocial developmental model d. triple vulnerabilities model

b. catastrophic cognitions theory

Agoraphobia is characterized by the intense fear of: a. spiders, cockroaches, and other insects. b. having a panic attack in a situation in which the person would be unable to escape or get help. c. being embarrassed, judged, or critically evaluated. d. embarrassing, offending, or insulting other people because of personal factors, such as smell, facial expressions, or body language.

b. having a panic attack in a situation in which the person would be unable to escape or get help

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by: a. a rigid preoccupation with orderliness, cleanliness, and rituals that interfere with completing tasks. b. instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and marked impulsivity. c. extreme social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism or disapproval. d. a pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others.

b. instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and marked impulsivity.`

According to one explanation, dissociative identity disorder: a. occurs in response to abnormal brain levels of dopamine. b. is a way to cope with extreme abuse or trauma that occurred during childhood. c. is more common among creative artists and writers and represents a form of pathological creativity. d. is the result of abnormal brain structures, such as enlarged ventricles or overall lower brain volume of gray matter tissue.

b. is a way to cope with extreme abuse or trauma that occurred during childhood.

n terms of suicidal behavior, one consistent gender difference is that: a. men are less likely than women to tell someone that they are planning to commit suicide. b. men outnumber women in suicide deaths because men use more lethal methods. c. men are more likely than women to attempt suicide after a failed relationship. d. men outnumber women in the number of suicide attempts.

b. men outnumber women in suicide deaths because men use more lethal methods.

One type of schizophrenia is characterized by the presence of delusions, hallucinations, or both, but the person shows virtually no cognitive impairment, disorganized behavior, or negative symptoms. Instead, well-organized delusions of persecution or grandeur tend to operate, and auditory hallucinations related to the delusions are often evident. This type of schizophrenia is called _____ schizophrenia. a. undifferentiated b. paranoid c. catatonic d. disorganized

b. paranoid

One theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is that some children are born with a biologically sensitive temperament that makes them more vulnerable to developing the disorder, especially when they are raised by caregivers who do not teach them how to control their impulsiveness or help them learn how to understand, regulate, and appropriately express their emotions. This theory is called: a. the biosocial developmental theory of BPD. b. the catastrophic cognitions theory of BPD. c. the triple vulnerabilities model of BPD. d. the genetic predisposition model of BPD.

b. the catastrophic cognitions theory of BPD.

Which of the following statements about major depression is FALSE? a. Approximately 10 percent of those suffering from major depression attempt suicide. b. Abnormal sleep patterns, a hallmark of major depression, include insomnia and less commonly excessive amounts of sleep. c. For people with seasonal affective disorder, repeated episodes of major depression tend to occur most often with the onset of autumn and winter. d. In terms of lifetime prevalence, about 25 percent of Americans will be affected by major depression at some point in their lives.

d. In terms of lifetime prevalence, about 25 percent of Americans will be affected by major depression at some point in their lives.

Which of the following statements about social phobia is TRUE? a. People with social phobia typically are unaware that their fears are unreasonable or excessive. b. Social phobia is also referred to as phonophobia. c. People with social phobia are intensely afraid of having a panic attack in a public place. d. More women than men experience social phobia.

d. More women than men experience social phobia.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. The majority of people who experience an episode of major depression will never experience another episode of major depression. b. Most people who experience major depression seek professional help to deal with the symptoms. c. Even without treatment, the symptoms of major depression usually disappear within two to four weeks. d. When major depression recurs, the symptoms tend to increase in severity.

d. When major depression recurs, the symptoms tend to increase in severity.

Compared to the spring, during the winter the number of suicides in the United States: a. doubles. b. triples. c. quadruples. d. is at its lowest rate.

d. is at its lowest rate.

In the movie As Good As It Gets, actor Jack Nicholson plays Melvin Udall, a gifted writer who always eats in the same restaurant, brings his own plastic utensils, and engages in strict patterns of behavior, such as repetitive hand washing or walking carefully on the sidewalk to avoid stepping on a crack. Failure to follow these ritual behaviors results in extreme anxiety and distress. The character Nicholson was portraying would probably be diagnosed with: a. dissociative identity disorder. b. Tourette's disorder. c. borderline personality disorder. d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by: a. sudden, intense, and short-lived bouts of anxiety. b. panic attacks that occur frequently and unexpectedly. c. recurring mental images of a specific traumatic incident. d. ongoing, global, and persistent anxiety.

d. ongoing, global, and persistent anxiety.