PSY Chapter 2

propose a hypothesis based in theory AND monitor the behavior of their participants

During the observation and prediction stages of the scientific method, researchers...

Case study Interview/ study Naturalistic observation

Identify the types of descriptive design

it is the outcome or response to experimental manipulation

In an experiment, which of the following best describes the dependent variable

Logical Clinical Methodological

Of the following which is not considered a distant flavor of science?

Social

Psychology, sociology, and economics are considered ________ science?

Privacy Protection from mental and physical harm

Researches must protect the rights of participants

Observe, predict, test, interpret, communicate

Which of the following is the correct order of process of the scientific method?

naturalistic observation

[ ] [ ] is a type of study in which the researcher unobtrusively observes and records behavior in the real world.

inferential statistics

[ ] are analyses of data that allow us to test hypotheses and make inferences

meta-analysis

[ ] is a research technique for combining the results of all the published and even unpublished results on one question and drawing a conclusion based on the entire set of studies on the topic

descriptive

[ ] statistics are techniques that show what observations collected in research actually look like by summarizing and describing data.

IRBS (institutional review boards)

____ are organizations that evaluate proposed research before its conducted to make sure research is involving humans does not cause undue harm or distress

debriefing deception

____, or informing participants about the manipulations and purpose of a study is especially important in studies that utilize ____, which involves failing to inform participants about parts of the study

Behavioral

________ measures are based on systematic observations of people's action either in their normal environment( that is, naturalistic observation) in a laboratory setting.

Scientific thinking

_____is a set of cognitive skills that generates tests and revises theories

Variable

____is a broad term for any characteristic that can change is some way.

sample

a [ ] is a subset of a group the researcher is interested in

representative

a [ ] sample is a research sample that accurately reflects the population of people one is studying

survey

a group of people (called the sample) are asked to complete questionnaires about their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors is considered [ ] research

a research design

a research [ ] is a plan of action for how to conduct a study

hypothesis

a(n) [ ] specific, informed, and testable prediction of the outcome of a particular set of conditions in a research design

confounding

a(n) _____ variable is an additional variable whose influence cannot be separated from the independent variable be examined.

physiological measures

are measures of bodily responses, such as blood pressure or heart rate, to help determine changes in psychological state

logic

at one time, philosophy was the only 'science' available to humans, and [ ] was a tool that was used to descrive how the world SHOULD work

theory

broad explanations and predictions are characteristic of [ ]

Pseudoscience

consists of studies (sometimes covering an area of true scientific interest) that do not rely on the scientific method but claim to be scientific

Debriefing

consists of the explanation of the purposes of a study following data collection

monitor the behavior of their participants propose a hypothesis based in their theory

during the observation and prediction stages of the scientific method, researches

communicate

during what stage of the scientific method do researchers publish their findings

manipulating

experiments involve ____ one variable and observing the effect on another variable

being open to skepticism, being intellectually honest, questioning authority

having a scientific attitude means

scientific method

if someone is using theories to develop hypothesis and then testing those hypothesis, that person is using the [ ]

questionnaire

in a [ ], responses are limited to the choices given

experimental control

in an experiment, the [ ] group is manipulated, while the [ ] is not.

independent

in an experiment, the [ ] variable is manipulated by the experimenter and is expected to change as a result

control

in an experiment, the group that receives no treatment is referred to as the [ ] group

it is the outcome or response to experimental manipulation

in an experiment, which of the following best describes the dependent variable?

variable

is a broad term for any characteristic that can change in some way

standard deviation

is a statistical measure of how much scores in a sample vary around the mean

causation

it has been found that hairiness and aggression are positively correlated. this highlights the fact that correlation does not infer ________ causation because it is unclear whether one causes the other, or whether some other variable is responsible for both

self-reports

measures are written or oral accounts of a person's thoughts, feelings, or actions

informed consent

minimizes the risk of harm by telling research participants about what to expect before they participate in research

case study and placebo

not a commonly used self-report measure in psychology

correlational

research that involves determining the association b/w two variables or two sets of variables is called _______ research

correlational

research that involves determining the association between two variables or two sets of variables is called [ ] research.

identification of data

statistics do not involve

t test

the [ ] is a statistic that compares two means to see whether they could come from the same population

biological

the [ ] science study plants and animals in the broadcast sense. it includes biology, zoology, genetics, and botany.

mode

the ____ is a statistic that represents the most commonly occurring score or value

Experimental

the ______ group consist of those participants who receive the treatment.

coefficient

the correlation [ ] is a statistic that tell us whether two variables relate to each other and the direction of the relationship

frequency

the number of times a particular score appears in a set of data

correlational

unlike [ ] research, experiments can determine casual relationships

normal distribution

when data falls into symmetrical shape in our graph, we would refer to it as a(n)

manipulated independent variable and random assignment of participants to conditions

which of the following are crucial characteristics of an experiment

cause and effect relationships can not be demonstrated and study conditions cannot be controlled

which of the following are drawbacks of naturalistic observation

it must be tied to real evidence it generates expectations that can be tested symmetrically it organizes observations

which of the following best describes the functions of a scientific theory?

descriptive

which of the following describes the type of research designs where researchers define a problem and variable of interest, but make no predictions and do not attempt to control or manipulate any variables

they are reliant on self report this technique is most useful when a researcher is unable to manipulate variables.

which of the following is true of the research technique of surveys and questionaries?

case study

which study involves a psychologist, often a therapist, observing one person over a long period of time.