PSY final

George Miller's classic research showed that the average capacity of short-term memory is between ________ units of information

5 and 9

_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Attention-decit/hyperactivity disorder

According to Freud, which of the following statements is true of the manifest content of a dream?

It expresses a wish in disguised form

Which of the following is an effect of nicotine?

It leads to a pleasurable and reinforcing experience

According to the five-factor model of personality, which of the following individuals exhibits the trait of openness to experience?

Sarah, who resigns from her well-paid job and sets up her own business

Which of the following is true of sensory receptors?

Sensory receptors are the openings through which the brain and nervous system experience the world.

Which of the following is a belief of the psychodynamic perspectives on personality?

The enduring patterns that make up personality are largely unavailable to an individual's conscious awareness

Sexual orientation is best viewed as

a continuum

In the context of personality characteristics, ________ is associated with taking the right steps toward a long, healthy life

a sense of personal control

Drugs, trauma, fever, and sensory deprivation are among the things that can produce

altered state of consciousness

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, establishing ________ is the key challenge of adolescence.

an identity

Xanax, Valium, and Librium are benzodiazepines that are commonly used for treating

anxiety disorders

Which of the following therapies represents the application of operant principles to psychological disorders?

applied behavior analysis

Which of the following is one of the criteria that distinguish abnormal behavior from normal or typical behavior?

behavior that is deviant

According to Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, who among the following is most likely to score high on spatial intelligence?

charlie, an artist

____ is the area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.

clinical psychology

____ is the area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treatpsychological disorders.

clinical psychology

Motivated behavior is

energized, directed, and sustained

__ in classical conditioning is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent

extinction

If Howard, a student, has the most common form of color blindness, he will have trouble distinguishing

green from certain combinations of blue and red

____ is a subfield of psychology that emphasizes psychology's role in establishing and maintaining fitness and preventing and treating illness.

health psychology

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to

help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems.

The main goal of psychoanalysis is to

help people gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems.

The chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands are known as

hormones

Freud developed psychoanalysis to work with patients who had physical symptoms that had no physical cause, which was otherwise referred to as

hysteria

Psychological research involves studying a sample of participants in order to make generalizations about the population from which the sample is drawn. This is an example of

inductive reasoning

____ refers to the retention of information or experience over time

memory

Cognitive psychology is the study of

mental processes

The field that studies the nervous system is called

neuroscience

Endorphins are

neurotransmitters that function as natural opiates in producing pleasure and pain

According to Maslow, self-actualization is possible

only after the needs relating to esteem, safety, physiology, and love have been met.

Researchers usually should submit their ndings to a journal for review by their colleagues, whomake a decision about whether to publish the paper, depending on its scientic merit. This processis known as

peer review

Psychology began as a science in the discipline of

philosophy

An alcoholic who believes that he is just being a typical college student and does not think his drinking is a problem is most likely in the ________ stage of change

precontemplation

Which approach to psychology emphasizes unconscious thought?

psychodynamic approach

Which of the following therapies stresses the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development o fan individual's problems?

psychodynamic therapies

Which of the following therapies stresses the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual's problems?

psychodynamic therapies

A high-school football player received a head injury during a game. Following recovery, he was unable to remember anything that happened before the injury. However, he was able to form new relationships and new memories. In the context of forgetting, his condition best exemplifies

retrograde amnesia

Which of the following is a cognitive therapy technique whereby clients rate their emotions in order to gain a perspective of their situation?

scaling

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the first stage of cognitive development, which lasts from birth to about two years of age, is the ________ stage.

sensorimotor

Depression is associated with low levels of which neurotransmitter?

serotonin

Which of the following is a primary focus area of behavioral medicine?

social factors

Which of the following refers to each person's tendency to exert less effort in a group because of reduced accountability for individual effort?

social loafing

____ is the scientic study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

social psychology

When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the ________ to psychological disorders.

sociocultural approach

In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two

stimuli

According to ________, people who have first agreed to a small request tend to comply later with a larger request

the foot-in-the-door technique

Development is best described as

the pattern of continuity and change that occurs throughout the course of life.

Developmental psychologists have used a procedure called the false belief task to examine children's

theory of mind

In Pavlov's experiment, the dog automatically salivated to food because food is a(n)

unconditioned stimulus (US)