PSY Final Exam CHAPTER 13

Most people with schizophrenia

continue to show signs of illness.

Sterling believes that the TV special that was on last night was shown to tell her that she should break up with her boyfriend. She is absolutely certain this is true and plans to do it. This type of belief is an example of a

delusion of reference.

Over the course of the disorder, most individuals with schizophrenia

display a mix of positive and negative symptoms.

Delusions are

disturbances in the content of thought.

Aberrant salience means that

dysregulated dopamine can cause people with schizophrenia to pay too much attention to stimuli that are not actually important.

"Familial" does not mean the same thing as "genetic" because

families share both genes and the environment.

People with schizophrenia often show poor performance on tasks like the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which is thought to indicate a dysfunction of the

frontal lobe.

In genetic studies, a "proband" or "index case" is someone who

has the disorder of interest.

Joe has a delusional belief. When people argue with him,

he doesn't admit he could be wrong, no matter what proof he is shown.

The best predictor of overall functioning over time for someone with schizophrenia is

how severe the person's negative symptoms are.

Linkage analysis

is being used to help locate genes associated with schizophrenia.

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that researchers suspect might be involved in schizophrenia because

it can produce schizophrenic-like symptoms in normal subjects.

Neuroimaging studies of hallucinating patients suggest that auditory hallucinations

may reflect a cognitive error.

"My father and I swiggered to the beach yesterday." This is an example of a

neologism.

Harold and Tanya both have a wide range of schizophrenic symptoms. Harold's symptoms have lasted for eight months; Tanya's have lasted only eight weeks. According to the DSM-5, their diagnoses should be

schizophrenia for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya.

One-on-one psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia

seems to be very effective when combined with medication.

Patients in a catatonic stupor

show pronounced motor signs.

Enlarged brain ventricles

suggest that there has been a loss of brain tissue.

If schizophrenia were exclusively a genetic disorder,

the concordance rate for monozygotic twins would be 100 percent.

Individuals with delusional disorder differ from those with schizophrenia in that

they behave relatively normally other than the delusions.

Cognitive-behavioral treatment for people with schizophrenia

tries to help people question their delusions to help reduce their intensity.

The individual diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder

usually exhibits symptoms of schizophrenia that last for at least a month but less than 6 months.

The fact that a significant number of monozygotic twins share the same placenta, while no dizygotic twins do, suggests that

we may have overestimated the influence of genetics in schizophrenia.

First-generation antipsychotics

work by blocking dopamine receptors.

What type of hallucinations are the most common?

Auditory.

Both of Mary's parents have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Bob has an identical twin who has schizophrenia. Who is more likely to develop schizophrenia and why?

Bob, because he has inherited the same susceptibility that his twin is expressing.

Which type of training has an emphasis on helping patients deal with their neurocognitive deficits?

Cognitive remediation training

Adopted children who were high risk for schizophrenia, who were raised in healthy families,

Correct showed lower risk for schizophrenia than those adopted into dysfunctional families - a good environment may protect people with genetic vulnerabilities from developing schizophrenia.

A mother constantly demands that her son show her how much she is loved, but when he tries to hug her she yells at him to be more discreet. No matter what the child does, he is wrong. Further, the mother prohibits him from commenting on this paradox. What does this interaction pattern best illustrate?

Double-bind communication

Based on current research, which statement is most justified?

Genetics increase a person's vulnerability to develop schizophrenia.

Which of the following is an example of the most common type of hallucination seen in schizophrenia?

Sondra tried to ignore the voices in her head.

The finding that prenatal viral exposure, rhesus incompatibility, and early nutritional deficiency are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia indicates that

anything that interferes with normal brain development might lead to a greater risk of schizophrenia.

Negative symptoms

are characterized as an absence or deficit of normal behaviors.

Extrapyramidal side effects

are involuntary movements that result mainly from taking first-generation antipsychotic drugs.

Lori just found out that she is pregnant. Her husband has schizophrenia. What is her unborn child's risk of developing schizophrenia?

10 percent

Why might Kraepelin's idea that schizophrenia was similar to dementia not be as far from the truth as previously thought?

Evidence suggests that there sometimes are progressive changes in brain volume over time in people with schizophrenia.

Which of the following accounts for the belief that schizophrenia is becoming more common in males than females?

Females with schizophrenia have less severe symptoms so may be misdiagnosed.

Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Karen no longer socialized with her friends.

Which of the following is a plausible explanation for how maternal influenza might lead to schizophrenia later in life?

Maternal antibodies could cross the placenta and interfere with brain development such that the risk of developing schizophrenia is enhanced later in life.

Which of the following best describes the person with paranoid schizophrenia?

Pauline, who is convinced that her husband is poisoning her food and can hear voices (that others cannot hear) calling her a liar and a thief.

Which of the following suggests a diagnosis of disorganized schizophrenia?

Peter appears to feel no emotion and tends to make odd facial expressions and movements.

Which of the following has been found to lead to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia?

Prenatal influenza exposure.

Which of the following could be described as "short-term" schizophrenia?

Schizophreniform disorder

Which of the following statements is correct about changes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5?

Subtypes of schizophrenia were removed but the diagnosis of schizophrenia will remain