Psy Final Pt. 3

The initial learning stage in classical conditioning, in which the neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus, is known as _______ ?

Acquisition

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is _____?

Bandura

_________ reported that watching violent behaviors makes children more likely to behave violently.

Bandura

Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called _______?

Classical Conditioning

After acquisition of classical conditioning, the _________ now has the ability to elicit a response that resembles the UCR.

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Learning always occurs as a result of

Experience

Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something. One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI JOE action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining.

Extinction

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on ________?

Operant conditioning

The researcher responsible for discovering classical conditioning was __________ ?

Pavlov

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs as part of a research program on digestion

__________ are consequences that alter the likelihood of behaviors.

Rewards and punishments

In the "Little Albert" study, the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the

The loud noise

In the context of classical conditioning, which of following components "elicits" a response?

UCS (unconditioned stimulus)

Pavlov placed food in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food acted as a(n) ________?

UCS (unconditioned stimulus)

The abbreviation UCR stands for ?

Unconditioned Response

Catching fish when fishing in a lake would most likely represent which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Variable interval

_______ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ______ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

a candy bar; a gold star

Your friend works in a lab and is paid for each three blood smears analyzed. Your friend is operating on which schedule of reinforcement?

a fixed ratio

AI must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

a fixed-ratio schedule

Thomdike was known for his work with _______?

a puzzle box

An eye blink is an example of ___________?

a reflex

The descriptors "positive" and "negative," when used in reference to reinforcers, are synonyms for _________?

add and remove

In the Pavlov study, the salivation to the tone represents the _________ after conditioning.

conditioned response (CR)

The abbreviation CS stands for __________?

conditioned stimulus

Miranda notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of the electric can opener. In this example, the sound of the can opener is the ________?

conditioned stimulus (CS)

A punisher ________ the probability of a response while a negative reinforcer _______ the probability of a response.

decreases; increases

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called _______?

extinction

The term "reinforcer" refers to any condition that ______ a response.

follows and strengthens

Of the following, ______ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

food

The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _______?

generalization

Positive reinforcers ___________ the likelihood of ensuing responses.

increase

________ is process through which experience brings about a lasting a change in behavior or knowledge

learning

____________ refers to the process of experience producing a lasting change in behavior.

learning

When Joe thinks about his sorely missed girlfriend he drinks alcohol, which helps dull his feelings. This best illustrates _____?

negative reinforcement

A child learns that whenever he eats all of his dinner, he gets a cookie for dessert. This type of learning is BEST explained by ??

operant conditioning

A ________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch.

primary reinforcement

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

punishment

A ________, reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a________ reinforcer

secondary; primary

Jane's dog will listen to her commands but ignores her sister's commands. Jane's dog would be demonstrating ________?

stimulus discrimination

A reinforcer is a consequence that ________ a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that __________ a behavior.

strengthens; weakens

When Pavlov placed food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n)

unconditioned response

When Pavlov placed food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) ??

unconditioned response.

The abbreviation UCS stands for __________?

unconditioned stimulus

Your professor likes to give pop quizzes in your psychology class, thus she is promoting the _______ schedule of reinforcement.

variable interval

A telemarketer is working according to a ________ schedule of reinforcement

variable ratio

The difference between negative and positive punishment is whether

you add an unpleasant stimulus or remove a pleasant stimulus

Secondary reinforcers differ from primary reinforcers in that secondary reinforcers

you don't need, is based on things you like, tailored to the individual