Psy Test #2

In short-term memory an image tends to fade after ___ if it is not repeated or rehearsed

10 to 12 seconds

Which of the following is true of the resolutioni phase of the sexual response cycle?

During this phase, men enter a refractory period

Which of the following statements is true about concepts?

They can represent visions of things that can never be measured

Which of the following is true of negative reinforcers?

They increase the probability that a behavior will occur when the reinforcers are removed

To test the problem-solving skills of her son, Tiffany asks her son to reorganize groups of scrambled words such as "skose, dog, imal, and orod." Tiffany is using ___ of the words, socks, dog, mail, ad door.

anagrams

Which of the following is true in the context of children babbling?

babbling represents language

During a survey conducted in a primary school, it was found that most of the students feared snakes, insects, thunderstorms, and darkness. According to Arne Ohman and Susan Mineka, the students might be ___ by evolutionary forces to develop these fears

biologically prepared

Alina thinks that she is overweight even if she is not. She often indulges in binge eating and later vomits the food out forcefully. Which eating disorder is Alina most likely suffering from?

bulimia nervosa

A(n) ___ is a stimulus or group of stimuli that are perceived as a discrete piece of information

chunk

After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digit. One reason for her ease of recall is that she combined the digits into smaller groups of three each. This process is called ___

chunking

___ are mental categories used to group together objects, relations, events, abstractions, or qualities that have common properties

concepts

Christine uses an elective can opener to open cans of dog food. her dog starts to salivate just at the sound of the electric can opener in anticipation of the food. According to the principles of classical conditioning, the electric can opener has become an effective ___ for the dog

conditioned stimulus

Justin plays for his high-school soccer team. He practices scoring touchdowns every day. During matches against other schools, he manages to score an average of three out of every give touchdowns he attempts. In this context, Justin gets ___ for his efforts

continuous reinforcement

Most organizations of health professionals agree that media violence

contributes to aggression among people

Cynthia has an intense fear of cats. Her psychologists repeatedly paired her love for classical music with the gradual exposure of Cynthia to a cat until her fear for cats was cured. In this scenario, which of the following techniques did Cynthia's psychologist use to cure her fear of cats?

counter conditioning

Mozart was a child prodigy. By the age of 12, he had composed several musical pieces. According to Sternberg's model of intelligence, Mozart can be said to have demonstrated a high level of ___

creative intelligence

___ is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems

creativity

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of stages of memory intends to ___

determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory

The term ___ in memory theory, means to cause information to be lost from short-term memory by adding new information

displace

Ryan is telling his grandchildren stories of his youth and college days. In the context of language, Ryan is demonstrating ___

displacement

___ is the capacity to communicate information about events and objects in another time or place.

displacement

Generating many possible solutions is a characteristic of which of the following concepts?

divergent thinking

While watching a comedy show, Amanda remembered many funny incidents from her own college life. This is an example of ___

echoic memory

____ Is the periodic sexual excitement of many female mammals

estrus

In a ___, a specific amount of time must elapse between the previous and subsequent times that reinforcement is available.

fixed-interval schedule

In the context of reinforcement schedules, commuter trains that arrive at platforms at specific times are on a ____

fixed-interval schedule

Max is a waiter at a coffee shop. He gets paid $100 every day at 9 p.m. regardless of the number of customers he serves during the day. in this context, Max is on a ___

fixed-interval schedule

In the context of reinforcement schedules, a piece worker that gets paid on a per-shirt basis is on a ___

fixed-ratio schedule

Joe is paid $!5 for every five doghouses he paints. In the context of operant conditioning, this is an example of ____

fixed-ratio schedule

Christopher has good skills many areas of problem solving and reasoning ability. According to Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of ___

general intelligence

Bethany taught her dog to jump when she raised her right hand. Later, her dog started jumping even if she raised her left hand. The response of Bathany's dog to her action similar to the original action to which the dog's response was conditioned is known as ___

generalization

In Pavlov's experiment, he conditioned his dog to salivate when it was shown a circle. Later, the dog salivated when it was shown other closed geometric figures--even squares. Through his experiment Pavlov demonstrated ____

generalization

In conditioning, ___ is the tendency for a conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the stimulus to which the response was conditioned

generalization

Ten-year-old Joshua knows that snakes are reptiles and all reptiles are animals. Joshuas' concept of animal is ___

hierarchical

Viola has just come back from work and is experiencing hunger pangs. She quickly makes a sandwich which satisfies her hunger. The return to the normal bodily function without the hunger pangs is called ___

homeostasis

A(n_ ___ rat is characterized by excessive eating

hyperphagic

Katie is a very skilled in-line skater and a tap dancer. Her skills are a part of her ___

implicit memory

Tracy had taken tennis lessons when she was very young and was a good tennis player in her school. However, she had not played tennis for years when she decided to enroll in a tennis class at college. At the tennis class, a moment after she picked up her racket, Tracy realized that she had shifted it to the correct forehand grip without even thinking. Tracy's ___ made this possible.

implicit memory

Jorge works for a finance company. His boss tells him that he will get a raise if he can complete his work two days before the actual deadline. The raise that Jorge is being offered is referred to as a(n) ___

incentive

Research shows that playing violent video games is associated with a(n) ___

increase in aggressive thoughts and behavior

Dana always hears stories about how extravagantly her first birthday was celebrated, but she is unable to recall the events of that day. Dana's inability to recall the events of her first birthday is known as ___

infantile amnesia

When a child combines words to form a sentence herself rather than imitate one she has heard before, she is demonstrating the ___ characteristic of language skills.

infinite creativity

In Gesalt psychology, a(n) ___ is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution

insight

A(n) ___ involves an inherited disposition io activate specific behavior patterns that enable an organism to reach specific goals

instinct

Which of the following is a feature of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

it contains cards with drawings that are subject to various interpretations

Which of the following statements is true about psyschologuistic theory?

it focuses on the environmental influences on the acquisition of language

Which of the following is true about elaborative rehearsal?

it involves extending the semantic meaning of the letters that need to be remembered

Which of the following is true about maintenance rehearsal?

it involves mentally repeating a list or saying the information to oneself

Which of the following statements is true about a schema?

it is a way of mentally representing the world that can influence perceptions

According to psycho linguistic theory, the inborn tendency to acquire language is called a ____

language acquisition device

Learning that ishidden or concealedis known as ___

latent learning

The ___ is an area at the side of the hypothalamus that appears to function as a start-eating centere

lateral hypothalamus

According to behaviorists, ___ is a relatively permanent change is an organism's behavior that arises from practice or experience.

learning

The enhanced efficiency in a synapse after brief rapid stimulation that makes up learning is called ___

long-term it is a way of mentally representing the world that can influence perceptions potentiation

To remember the names of all the countries in Asia, Jennifer is menally repreating all the country names several times. This scenario illustrates ___

maintenance rehearsal

A(n) ___ is an assumed change in the nervous system that reflects the impression made by a stimulus

memory trace

A(n) ___ is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems

mental set

Anna points to an object and tells her 2-year old what it is. The child then points and repeats the label. According to the social-cognitive perspective, Anna serves as a(n) ___ for her child to acquire language skills

model

In the context of the sexual response cycle, ___ is muscle tension, which causes grimaces, spasms in the hands and feet, and the spasms or orgasm

myotonia

Pointing to a bird and saying, "That is not a mammal," is a(n) ___ of the mammal concept

negative instance

Research on the biology of memory involving the visual cortex of rats reared in stimulating environments and the stimulation of certain synapes in sea snails, such as Aplysia, suggests that ___

neural events may be involved in memory

William's father was a gardner. As a child, William often watched his father at work. As an adult, William takes care of his garden himself. Though he hwas never taught the art of gardening, he is very good at it and prides himself on having the best garden on the block. William acquired the knowledge and skills of gardening by the process of ___

observational learning

In operant conditioning, an organism learns to do or not do things because ___

of the consequences of their behavior

Richard has not been successful in getting a job despite several effords. Thinking about his failure, Richard has started going under depression. He feels helpless and hopeless about his situation and even feels suicidal at times. What other symptom is most likely to be associated with Richard's condition?

parasympathetic arousal

The ___ is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy to the body

parasympathetic nervous system

The ___ is the second phase of the sexual response cycle, which is characterized by increases in vasocongestion, muscle tension, heart rate, and blood pressure in preparation for orgasm.

plateau phase

___ Is the field of psychology that is about personal well-being and satisfaction; joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness; optimism and hope for the future.

positive psychology

Once we have learned the multiplication tables, the recall of six times six is relatively automatic due to ___

priming

Studies involving brain imaging reveal that ___ makes it possible for people to carry out mental tasks with less neural activity

priming

Sarah remembers that she has to pack her suitcase and has to lock all the windows and doors before she leaves for her vacation the next day. Her memory about activities that need to be performed in the future would be known as ___

prospective memory

___ is the memory to perform an act in the future, as at a certain time or when a certain event occurs.

prospective memory

A sofa, bed, and table are ___ of the category furniture, but a magazine rack, lamp, and piano bench are not.

prototypes

In Freud's psychology theory, ___ is the ejection or anxiety-evoking ideas from conscious awareness

repression

The ___ is the final phase of the sexual response cycle

resolution phase

Stephen was recently involved in a car accident due to which he was critically injured. He is unable to recall the events that led to the accident. Stephen is suffering from ___

retrograde amnesia

___ is the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects of the trauma

retrograde amnesia

___ is the state of being satisfied

satiety

A(n) ___ is a way of mentally representing the world, such as a belief or an expectation, which can influence perception of persons, objects, and situations

schema

Striving to become what you are capable of being is termed as ___

self-actualization

General knowledge is referred to as ___

semantic memory

___ is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas.

semanticity

Christopher knows a lot of facts about the planet earth. He knows that the circumference of the earth is 40,030 km even though he did not personally measure the circumference of the earth. This knowledge is referred to as ____

sematic memory

___ is the type or stage of memory that is first encounterd by a stimulus

sensory memory

Hailey is teaching her dog to roll over on its back. She starts by giving it a treatment every time it performs an action close to rolling over. At first, she gives it a treat for lying on its stomach, then for lying on its back, and eventually for rolling over. This procedure used by Hailey to teach her dog to roll over on its back is known as ____

shaping

In classical conditioning, the term extinction can be misleading because ___

spontaneous recovery of extinguished conditioned responses can occur

The ___ is the branch of autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that spend body energy from stored reserves

sympathetic nervous system

Dave cannot remember the last digit in his friend's telephone number. in order to reach him, he keeps trying different numbers until he finds the right one. In this context, which of the following methods is Dave using?

systematic random search

If the ___ is damaged, a person con form visual memories but not verbal memories

thalamus

Barbara wanted to kow whether Americans bought more American-made cars than foreign made cars. To come up with an answer, she based her opinion on the cars her friends drove. Barbara used ___ to com to the conclusion.

the anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Dana can only remember a few of the first and last items on her grocery list. Which of the following is this an example of?

the serial-position effect

Which of the following statement is true about heuristics?

they permit more rapid solutions than algorithms

Which of the following is true about the storage of information in long-term memory?

we tend to organize information in order of their hierarchy