PSY100 Chapter 12 Inquizitive

After a hurricane breaks all store windows on Main Street, under which of the following circumstances is Mark likely to start looting due to deindividuation?

- Mark is emotionally aroused by the devastation of the storm. - The town is large and Mark doesn't know many people there. - Mark sees other people already in stores looting goods.

A group of campers is talking about sneaking into another cabin and covering everything with toilet paper, even though the majority of the campers are cautious by nature and think it's a bad idea. According to group polarization, which of the following are likely outcomes?

- The group will settle on whatever action it was initially leaning toward. - They will all eventually decide that the mission is definitely too risky and abandon it.

Which of the following can we expect from a couple who has been married for two years?

- Their relationship is based on social support, friendship, and intimacy. - They will have sex about half as frequently as they did in their first year of marriage.

Which of the following factors would make two people more likely to develop attraction and friendship?

- They find each other physically attractive. - They look familiar to one another. - They come into contact frequently. - They are both kind and trustworthy. - They have similar attitudes and backgrounds.

Latané and Darley conducted a study in which foul-smelling smoke started coming through heating vents in a room where participants were filling out a questionnaire. Place the participants in order based on how likely they were to go for help within six minutes, from most to least likely.

- a participant who was alone - a participant who was with two other naive participants - a participant who was with two calm confederates

Which of the following characteristics of attitudes most strongly predict one's behavior?

- formed through direct experience - personally relevant - easy to remember

Based on the bystander intervention effect, in which of the following situations are people likely to offer help?

Likely to Offer Help: - There are only two people in a parking lot and one of them is having trouble starting his car. - A person on an isolated hiking trail falls and asks the next hiker who walks by to help him to his car. - One person approaches another and asks for a dollar to buy a bus ticket home. Not Likely to Offer Help: - A disheveled-looking hitchhiker stands on a busy road, trying to catch a ride. - A man runs out of a burning building and shouts for someone to help him rescue his cat, which is still inside.

Identify the following statements about ingroup favoritism as either true or false.

True: - People will distribute more resources to members of their ingroup. - People will try to prevent members of an outgroup from receiving resources. False: - People will not treat ingroup members preferentially if they know the groups have been determined arbitrarily. - Men are more likely to support other men as part of their ingroup than women are to support other women as part of their ingroup.

Identify the following statements about our interest in people's faces and facial expressions as either true or false.

True: - Politicians whose faces were rated as looking more competent win more often. - Our facial expressions can unintentionally reveal our thoughts. - By age 7, children can make judgments about a face's trustworthiness that match adults' judgments. False: - Our habit of looking at other people's faces develops between the ages of 12 and 18 months.

Identify the following statements about the evolutionary development of group membership as either true or false.

True: - We are motivated to form groups because living in social groups helped our ancestors survive. - Humans developed more cognitive resources to deal with the many challenges that come from living in large groups. - Humans have the largest group size of all primates and also the largest prefrontal cortex. False: - Humans are unique in our pervasive tendency to form groups.

Match the terms with their corresponding examples.

door in the face: - Jan refused to buy a $20 package of wrapping paper from the student fund-raiser, but then agreed to buy a $5 bar of chocolate. low-balling: - After a man decides to buy a plane ticket for $300, he finds that the final amount including taxes and fees is $365, but he still goes ahead with the purchase. foot in the door: - A person signed a petition for her town to build a youth center. The next week, the same person agreed to help raise funds for the building.

Match the terms with their definitions.

group polarization: - Group members believe something even more strongly after discussing it. social loafing: - Individual effort decreases as group size increases. risky-shift effect: - People in groups tend to make bolder decisions than people on their own. groupthink: - Groups can make bad decisions based on pressure to maintain cohesiveness.

Match the types of conformity with their corresponding examples.

informational influence: - During lunchtime, Rolf noticed a long line of people at a food truck he had never seen before, and he joined the line. - Morena was a few minutes late to class, but when she got to the building where her class was held, she noticed all of the other students in her class leaving, so she turned around and left, too. normative influence: - Clarence traveled to India, where the tradition is to eat with your hands. Out of respect for the tradition, Clarence also ate with his hands while he was there. - Though it would be easier to pick our noses, we use tissues instead.

Match the terms with their definitions.

informational influence: - going along with the crowd due to the belief that others have a good reason for their behavior normative influence: - going along with the crowd to fit in and avoid looking silly social norms: - expected standards of conduct

Jolene treats members of her own sorority differently than she treats other people. Match the terms with the examples of Jolene's behavior.

ingroup favoritism: - When one of her sorority sisters is struggling with math, Jolene offers to tutor her for free, though normally she charges for tutoring help. outgroup homogeneity effect: - Jolene thinks that members of a rival sorority are all dumb blondes, but members of her own sorority have varied and unique personalities. dehumanization: - Jolene pretends she cannot hear the freshman computer science nerd when he asks her out; she considers him a member of a lower species. social identity theory: - Jolene's membership in her sorority is a major source of pride, and she considers herself to be in the same social category as her sorority sisters.

Match the causes of cognitive dissonance with their examples.

justification of effort: - Efram decides to drive an hour away to go to a restaurant, and once he gets there he thinks the food is much better than at restaurants closer to home. postdecisional dissonance: - Adrienne decides to go on vacation to Cambodia rather than Thailand, and once she arrives in Cambodia she thinks about how much better it is than Thailand. insufficient justification: - Lastri does a small favor for her neighbor, whom she doesn't know very well, and justifies it by telling herself that she likes her neighbor.

Match the terms with their definitions.

obedience: - following the orders of a person in authority compliance: - agreeing to do things requested by others conformity: - altering one's behaviors to match the behaviors or expectations of others

Match the terms about relationships with their definitions.

passionate love: - a state of intense longing and sexual desire secure attachment: - easy to get close to others without the fear of fear being abandoned companionate love: - a strong commitment to care for and support a partner insecure attachment: - difficult to trust and depend on others

Match the terms about attributions with their definitions.

personal attributions: - explaining a person's actions based on his traits or personality actor/observer discrepancy: - using personal attributions to explain someone else's actions, but using situational attributions to explain one's own actions situational attributions: - explaining a person's actions based on the context or external factors fundamental attribution error: - explaining a person's actions by his personality without considering the situation

Match the terms with their definitions.

stereotype: - mental shortcut for categorizing people prejudice: - negative feelings toward a person based on group membership discrimination: - unfair treatment of a person based on their group membership