PSY100, Mod 20: Operant Conditions, Practice quiz

Both classical and operant conditioning:

Are forms of associative learning

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing consequences are called:

Operant behaviors

There is a vending machine at work that you've discovered gives extra candy bars when you select either the A or B choices. You continue to frequent this machine regularly. Your action best illustrates:

Operant conditioning

Which of the following statements about B. F. Skinner is TRUE? Skinner believed that "the scientific analysis of behavior" would lead to a totalitarian society based on punishment, Skinner aimed to study mental processes to understand behavior, Skinner advocated greater use of punishment to control behavior, Skinner believed that human behavior is determined by environmental consequences, not by individual choice or free will.

Skinner believed that human behavior is determined by environmental consequences, not by individual choice or free will.

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer is called a:

conditioned reinforcer

According to B. F. Skinner:

environmental factors determine a person's behavior.

in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed is called:

fixed-interval schedule

Shaping was a method used by Skinner to:

guide an organism to exhibit a complex behavior using successive approximations

B. F. Skinner believed that future "machines and textbooks" could promote effective learning because they would allow for both:

individualized learning and immediate reinforcement.

_______ is Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.

law of effect

A _______ is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response.

negative reinforcement

A learned association between a behavior and its consequences is central to:

operant conditioning

_______ is a type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher.

operant conditioning

A ________ is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.

positive reinforcement

Art is trying to train his dog to do a trick. First, he gives his dog a treat for paying attention. Next, he gives his dog a treat for beginning the trick. Each time the dog gets closer to performing the trick, Art gives him a treat. Rewarding successive approximations toward behavior is known as:

shaping