PSY100 Modules 16-20, 22, 23, 27 PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Marla has a persistent itch on her arm. This is MOST likely caused by the stimulation of _____ receptors. (m18)

pain

Experiencing sudden pain is to _____ as recognizing that one is suffering a heart attack is to _____.

sensation; perception

A pigeon receives food for pecking a key, but only rarely and on unpredictable occasions. This BEST illustrates:

partial reinforcement

In terms of vision, _____________________ is the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or inverted visual field.

perceptual adaption

Justina wishes to make a 10-minute meditation session part of her morning routine. Based on research described in the textbook, Justina should meditate every day for just over _____ days to ensure that meditation becomes a habit. (m19)

60

Research discussed in the textbook suggests that it takes just over _____ days for a behavior to become a habit. (m19)

60

How do trichromatic and opponent-process theories differ?

In opponent-process theory, the cells responsive to color operate in conjunction, rather than independently.

Damon, who is among the 8 percent of males with colorblindness, suffers from the most common form of color blindness. Which statement BEST illustrates Damon's experience of color?

Red apples on a tree seem to be the same color as the surrounding green leaves.

_____ stimulation occurs below your absolute threshold for conscious awareness.

Subliminal

Denise wears an extremely bright safety yellow sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the _____ of the light it reflects.

high amplitude

Which statement about the skin is true? (m18)

The skin is receptive to a mix of four basic and distinct skin senses.

Given what is known about the relationship between distraction and pain, if Charlene is trying to pick the BEST hospital room for a loved one who is in a great deal of pain, she should pick... (m18)

a shared room with a television that is near a window.

Talia is 45 years old. She has started to notice that newspaper print is too small for her to read. Talia needs reading glasses because the lenses of her eyes are less able to _____.

accommodate

The minute you walk into your mother-in-law's house to visit, you are struck by the strong smell of her perfume. However, after about 10 minutes, you no longer notice the smell. This is probably the result of sensory _____.

adaptation

After John Watson lost his professorship at Johns Hopkins University, which career did he enter? (m19)

advertising

People and animals learn the association between two stimuli through _____ conditioning. (m19)

classical

Because we are human, language allows us to learn things we have neither experienced nor observed. This type of learning is called... (m19)

cognitive learning

Which choice correctly pairs a type of learning or conditioning with a closely related concept? (m19)

cognitive learning—observational learning

In a study of classical conditioning, A. J. repeatedly hears a tone just before having a puff of air directed into his eye. Blinking in response to a tone presented without a puff of air is a(n)... (m19)

conditioned response

The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses is called... (m19)

conditioning

Ricardo has been suffering from a lengthy battle with the flu. His ears are painfully plugged with fluid. One morning his right ear pops from all of the pressure and fluid comes out. He screams in pain because the eardrum has punctured. This will result in... (m18)

conduction hearing loss

In an experiment described in the textbook, preschool children preferred the taste of french fries served in a McDonald's bag to the taste of identical fries served in a plain white bag. Taste preference is a(n) _____ variable in this study.

dependent

Several days ago, Mitchell fell and hurt his ankle. Although it bothered him a little, he continued to walk on it. When he finally went to the doctor for X-rays, he found out he has a broken bone. It is likely that Mitchell carries a gene that boosts the availability of _____. (m18)

endorphins

In Watson and Rayner's experiment with Little Albert, the _____ was the unconditioned response. (m19)

fear of loud noise

Jonah works in a packaging plant. For every 100 packages he completes, he is given an additional 10-percent increase in his hourly pay. This is a _____ reinforcement schedule.

fixed-ratio

A researcher subliminally flashes words that have either emotionally positive content (for example, puppies, people embracing) or negative content (for example, murder, accidents) immediately before showing participants pictures of houses. Then, when they are asked to rate the houses in terms of attractiveness, the participants should:

give the houses that were viewed following positive images higher ratings.

The color afterimage effect can be explained by the color-opponent system, in that _____ cells are inhibited by _____ cells.

green; red

The sense of _____ is called audition. (m18)

hearing

Marissa's preterm baby is stimulated with hand massage several times each day. Which result can she expect for her baby? (m18)

her baby will gain weight faster and be able to go home sooner than preterm babies who are not stimulated with hand massage.

In vision, the amplitude of a light wave relates to people's perception of the brightness of a stimulus. To which perceptual dimension does the amplitude of a sound wave correspond in hearing? (m18)

loudness

Randy is playing the piano. His left hand plays notes that are _____ in _____ than does his right hand. (m18)

lower; frequency

Relative size, interposition, relative motion, and relative height are examples of _____ cues to depth perspective.

monocular cues

Daniel's daughter repeatedly hit her playmates during their game of tag. Daniel denied her dessert as a consequence. This is an example of _____ punishment.

negative

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer. This BEST illustrates the value of _____ reinforcement.

negative

An injury could stimulate _____, specialized receptors that can detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals. (m18)

nociceptors

While Maria was stacking her term paper, she received a paper cut. The cut produced a sharp pain on her index finger. This pain was initiated by _____ in her skin. (m18)

nociceptors

Pauline is learning how to play badminton. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving the birdie while Pauline patiently watches. Pauline then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and motions made by her instructor. This is an example of _____ learning. (m19)

observational

Animals and humans learn about the consequences of behavior through... (m19)

operant conditioning

Connecting events is to _____ as acquiring mental information is to _____. (m19)

operant conditioning; cognitive learning

Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias the way one sees others' behaviors. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

perceptual set

Lana cannot recognize faces. She has to fake knowing or recognizing people she has already met. Lana MOST likely suffers from:

prosopagnosia.

Classical conditioning focuses on _____ behavior, whereas operant conditioning focuses on _____ behavior. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices

respondent; operant

Conditioned reinforcers are also called _____ reinforcers.

secondary

If one moves one's watchband up one's wrist an inch or so, one will feel it for only a few moments. This BEST illustrates:

sensory adaptation

Dennis, a nurse, notes that some parents of children with asthma respond to very small changes in their children's breathing, and seek care accordingly. However, other parents do not notice the same small changes. This type of difference in reaction to stimuli is BEST explained by the:

signal detection theory

Studying the impact of boredom and fatigue on people's absolute thresholds would involve research based on:

signal detection theory

Two TSA officers are scanning bags at the airport. One of the officers lets a bag go through, but the other officer yells, "Wait, didn't you see that?" Why one officer saw a weapon and the other did not is best explained by:

signal detection theory

Astra is house sitting. On the first night, a thunderstorm causes the electricity to go out. She remembers seeing some candles and matches next to the grandfather clock. Why does she automatically cock her head when trying to pinpoint the sound of the clock? (m18)

so that her two ears will receive slightly different messages

Sensory messages from nociceptors ultimately travel to the _____ cortex. (m18)

somatosensory

Today, a man on television described his experience of _____, a condition in which the senses become joined. He explained that, when certain types of music are played, he often sees patterns of colors. (m18)

synesthesia

"We can practically read each other's minds and feel each other's emotions!" Tim exclaims in describing his relationship with his longtime partner. Tim is attributing the extrasensory perception ability of _____ to the relationship. (m18)

telepathy

Frank takes his 1-year-old son, Jaleel, out for a walk. Jaleel reaches over to touch a red flower and is stung by a bumblebee sitting on the petals. The next day, Jaleel's mother brings home some red flowers. She removes a flower from the arrangement and takes it over for her baby to smell. Jaleel cries loudly as soon as he sees it. According to the principles of classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus in this example? (m19)

the bee sting

Which statement BEST explains why psychics are sometimes able to make accurate predictions? (m18)

they make lots of guesses.

Perceptions can be influenced _____, by expectations, the context, emotions, and motivation.

top-down

Malik glances at his doctor's scrawl on a handwritten prescription. He draws on his knowledge of common medications to distinguish among a's, o's, and u's. Malik's experience BEST illustrates:

top-down processing

Conditioning seldom occurs when a(n) _____ repeatedly comes before a(n) _____. (m19)

unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus

Pop quizzes and random checks of quality help to produce slow, steady responding and are examples of the _____ schedule of reinforcement.

variable-interval

Jay is 48 years old. He recently had his sight restored after 45 years of blindness. He could associate people with their distinct features (for example, hair color) but could not recognize their faces. He was also not good at judging the size of objects as their distance from him changed. His case suggests that:

vision is partly an acquired sense.

___________________ refers to the distance from the peak of one light wave to the peak of the next light wave.

wavelength